全文获取类型
收费全文 | 69336篇 |
免费 | 13852篇 |
国内免费 | 22309篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 51446篇 |
晶体学 | 2732篇 |
力学 | 5101篇 |
综合类 | 2318篇 |
数学 | 11202篇 |
物理学 | 32698篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 144篇 |
2023年 | 774篇 |
2022年 | 2287篇 |
2021年 | 2345篇 |
2020年 | 2526篇 |
2019年 | 2431篇 |
2018年 | 2273篇 |
2017年 | 3065篇 |
2016年 | 2640篇 |
2015年 | 3577篇 |
2014年 | 4417篇 |
2013年 | 5626篇 |
2012年 | 5821篇 |
2011年 | 6391篇 |
2010年 | 5966篇 |
2009年 | 6153篇 |
2008年 | 6771篇 |
2007年 | 6065篇 |
2006年 | 5957篇 |
2005年 | 4925篇 |
2004年 | 3846篇 |
2003年 | 2868篇 |
2002年 | 2943篇 |
2001年 | 2848篇 |
2000年 | 2908篇 |
1999年 | 1784篇 |
1998年 | 976篇 |
1997年 | 777篇 |
1996年 | 768篇 |
1995年 | 681篇 |
1994年 | 684篇 |
1993年 | 618篇 |
1992年 | 585篇 |
1991年 | 406篇 |
1990年 | 356篇 |
1989年 | 371篇 |
1988年 | 336篇 |
1987年 | 259篇 |
1986年 | 245篇 |
1985年 | 178篇 |
1984年 | 165篇 |
1983年 | 143篇 |
1982年 | 103篇 |
1981年 | 92篇 |
1980年 | 75篇 |
1979年 | 92篇 |
1978年 | 29篇 |
1977年 | 21篇 |
1965年 | 35篇 |
1959年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
171.
172.
Based on the algebraic entanglement measure proposed [G. Vidal et al., Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 032314],we study the entanglement evolution of both pure quantum states and mixed ones of 2-qutrit system in a symmetrybroken environment consisting of a fermionic bath. Entanglement of states will decrease or remain constant under the influence of environment, and the class of states which remain unchanged has been found out. 相似文献
173.
Xiao Qi ZHENG Yong Hui WANG Qing Xiang GUO* Li YANG You Cheng LIU Department of Chemistry University of Science Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 《中国化学快报》2003,(8)
As artificial enzymes, the binding constants of cyclodextrins (CDs) and their substrates are expected to be high1. For this purpose, many kinds of bridged cyclodextrin dimers2 whose two cyclodextrins are linked by various spacers have been constructed. It was of interest to make the dimers, whose binding constants would exceed 108dm3/mol3. Up to date, the bridged cyclodextrin dimers have been extensively studied as enzyme models and as molecular receptors4-6. Recently, we synthesized a brid… 相似文献
174.
有限循环群的Fuzzy子群的等价类数 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
有限循环群G的F子群可以有无数个.但是.若当两个F子群的水平集构成的集合相等就称其等价的话,那么其等价类数是有限的。通过研究群的合成群列、商群列以及数的因数列和极大因数列找出了有限循环群的极大F子群和F子群的等价类数的求解公式.并给出二者之间的关系式. 相似文献
175.
176.
177.
Ren‐Shen Lee Jen‐Ming Yang Tz‐Feng Lin 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(10):2303-2312
Water‐soluble poly(ester‐carbonate) having pendent amino and carboxylic groups on the main‐chain carbon is reported for the first time. This article describes the melt ring‐opening/condensation reaction of trans‐4‐hydroxy‐N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L ‐proline (N‐CBz‐Hpr) with 5‐methyl‐5‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one (MBC) at a wide range of molar fractions. The influence of reaction conditions such as catalyst concentration, polymerization time, and temperature on the number average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the copolymers was investigated. The polymerizations were carried out in bulk at 110 °C with 3 wt % stannous octoate as a catalyst for 16 h. The poly(ester‐carbonate)s obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography. The copolymers synthesized exhibited moderate molecular weights (Mn = 6000–14,700 g mol?1) with reasonable molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.11–2.23). The values of the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymers depended on the molar fractions of cyclic carbonate. When the MBC content decreased from 76 to 12 mol %, the Tg increased from 16 to 48 °C. The relationship between the poly(N‐CBz‐Hpr‐co‐MBC) Tg and the compositions was in approximation with the Fox equation. In vitro degradation of these poly(N‐CBz‐Hpr‐co‐MBC)s was evaluated from weight‐loss measurements and the change of Mn and Mw/Mn. Debenzylation of 3 by catalytic hydrogenation led to the corresponding linear poly(ester‐carbonate), 4 , with pendent amino and carboxylic groups. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2303–2312, 2004 相似文献
178.
Study on the Superhydrophilicity of the SiO2-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method at Room Temperature 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dasen Ren Xiaoli Cui Jie Shen Qun Zhang Xiliang Yang Zhuangjian Zhang Lu Ming 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2004,29(3):131-136
Nanoscale SiO2-TiO2 composite thin films with the thickness of about 100 nm were prepared by sol-gel method at room temperature in air. The chemical states of the elements on the surface and near the surface were measured by XPS. The results showed that the Ti on/near the surface of the thin films existed not only as TiO2 but also as Ti2O3. Part of the TiO2 was changed to Ti2O3 after UV irradiation. The crystalline structure of the TiO2 in the SiO2-TiO2 thin films was anatase with the crystallite size of 14–20 nm. It was found that the thin film prepared at room temperature in air has good superhydrophilic property and has strong adherence to the substrate. 相似文献
179.
The adsorption of human serum albumin onto hydroxyapatite-modified silver electrodes has been in situ investigated by utilizing the piezoelectric quartz crystal impedance technique. The changes of equivalent circuit parameters were used to interpret the adsorption process. A kinetic model of two consecutive steps was derived to describe the process and compared with a first-order kinetic model by using residual analysis. The experimental data of frequency shift fitted to the model and kinetics parameters, k1, k2, psi1, psi2 and qr, were obtained. All fitted results were in reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental results. Two adsorption constants (7.19 kJ mol(-1) and 22.89 kJ mol(-1)) were calculated according to the Arrhenius formula. 相似文献
180.
介绍了一台10mm口径两级双程离轴放大系统,实现了对5mm×5mm口径光束的激光放大,耦合系统采用高功率LDA紧密侧面直接抽运棒状Nd:YLF方式。分析并实验研究了在不同抽运电流、放大脉冲与放大器LDA抽运时刻的不同延时及不同注入能量条件下,放大系统及光束每次放大时放大特性的规律。实验得到:在放大系统5mm×5mm软光阑处注入1.58mJ能量时,放大系统可输出129.2mJ能量,能量提取效率达到19.5%,满足该系统的设计指标。 相似文献