Ordered Large-Pore MesoMOFs Based on Synergistic Effects of TriBlock Polymer and Hofmeister Ion

Ordered mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (mesoMOFs) were constructed with a uniform pore size up to about 10 nm and thick microporous walls, opening up the possibility for the mass diffusion of large-size molecules through crystalline MOFs. The synergistic effects based on triblock copolymer templates and the Hofmeister salting-in anions promote the nucleation of stable MOFs in aqueous phase and the in situ crystallization of MOFs around templates, rendering the generation of a microcrystal with periodically arranged large mesopores. The improved mass transfer benefiting from large-pore channels, together with robust microporous crystalline structure, endows them as an ideal nanoreactor for the highly efficient digestion of various biogenic proteins. This strategy could set a guideline for the rational design of new ordered large-pore mesoMOFs with a variety of compositions and functionalities and pave a way for their potential applications with biomacromolecules.     

Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CH4 by In Situ Generated Cu2O Single-Type Sites on a Conductive MOF: Stabilizing Key Intermediates with Hydrogen Bonding

It is still a great challenge to achieve high selectivity of CH₄ in CO₂ electroreduction reactions (CO₂RR) because of the similar reduction potentials of possible products and the sluggish kinetics for CO₂ activation. Stabilizing key reaction intermediates by single type of active sites supported on porous conductive material is crucial to achieve high selectivity for single product such as CH₄. Here, Cu₂O(111) quantum dots with an average size of 3.5 nm are in situ synthesized on a porous conductive copper-based metal–organic framework (CuHHTP), exhibiting high selectivity of 73 % towards CH₄ with partial current density of 10.8 mA cm⁻² at −1.4 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) in CO₂RR. Operando infrared spectroscopy and DFT calculations reveal that the key intermediates (such as *CH₂O and *OCH₃) involved in the pathway of CH₄ formation are stabilized by the single active Cu₂O(111) and hydrogen bonding, thus generating CH₄ instead of CO.     

Iron-Catalyzed Radical Relay Enabling the Modular Synthesis of Fused Pyridines from Alkyne-Tethered Oximes and Alkenes

We have rationally designed a new class of alkyne-tethered oximes and applied them in an unprecedented iron-catalyzed radical relay protocol for the rapid assembly of a wide array of structurally new and interesting fused pyridines. This method shows broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance and enabled the synthesis of several biologically active molecules. Furthermore, the fused pyridines could be diversely functionalized through various simple transformations, such as cyclization, C−H alkylation, and a click reaction. DFT calculation studies indicate that the reactions involve cascade 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer, 5-exo-dig radical addition, and cyclization processes. Moreover, preliminary biological investigations suggest that some of the fused pyridines exhibit good anti-inflammatory activity by restoring the imbalance of inflammatory homeostasis of macrophages in a lipopolysaccharide-induced model.     

金属有机骨架薄膜用于小分子和离子的高效分离

综述了近几年金属有机骨架（MOF）薄膜在小分子和离子高效分离应用中的研究进展.MOF膜材料因具有结晶度良好、结构可设计、孔径可调和可功能化等特点,在分离领域展现出极大的潜在应用价值而受到广泛关注.鉴于近年来MOF膜材料在分离领域取得的巨大进展,对这一领域的前沿进展进行及时系统的总结,并对未来的发展趋势进行展望,具有重要的学术价值,也为科研工作者对MOF膜材料的研究提供了参考.本文首先总结了MOF膜的4种制备方法,包括LBL自组装法（液相外延和Langmuir-Blodgett沉积）、真空制备法（化学气相沉积和原子层沉积）、电化学沉积法和粉末沉积法;而后,详述了MOF膜在气体分离、液体分离及离子/质子传导等方面的应用;最后,总结了MOF膜材料领域当前存在的挑战及潜在解决途径,并对该领域的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

Radical Acylfluoroalkylation of Olefins through N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis

Fluorinated ketones are widely prevalent in numerous biologically interesting molecules, and the development of novel transformations to access these structures is an important task in organic synthesis. Herein, we report the multicomponent radical acylfluoroalkylation of a variety of olefins in the presence of various commercially available aromatic aldehydes and fluoroalkyl reagents through N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. With this protocol, over 120 examples of functionalized ketones with diverse fluorine substituents have been synthesized in up to 99 % yield with complete regioselectivity. The generality of this catalytic strategy was further highlighted by its successful application in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutical skeletons. Excellent diastereoselectivity could be achieved in the reactions forging multiple stereocenters. In addition, preliminary results have been achieved on the catalytic asymmetric variant of the olefin difunctionalization process.     

Rational Synthesis of Amorphous Iron-Nickel Phosphonates for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Water Oxidation with Almost 100 % Yield

A simple solvent ligation effect was successfully used to disrupt the growth of a model compound, Fe[(OH)(O₃P(CH₂)₂CO₂H)]⋅H₂O (MIL-37), into an extended 2D structure by replacing water with dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent during the synthesis. Owing to the lack of −OH group, which provides the corner-sharing (binding) oxygen atoms for the octahedra, an amorphous and porous structure is formed. When Fe³⁺ is partially replaced by Ni²⁺, the amorphous structure remains and the resultant binary metal catalyst displays excellent photocatalytic oxygen evolution activity with almost 100 % yield achieved under visible light irradiation using [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ as the photosensitizer. This study opens up new possibilities of using the simple solvent effect to synthesize high surface area metal phosphonates for catalytic and other applications.     

功能纳米材料研究进展——唐智勇研究员及其团队专访

正功能纳米材料是化学、物理、生物和材料科学多学科交叉的前沿,是纳米科技发展的基础。功能纳米材料集中体现了小尺寸、精准控制、高集成度和强相互作用等现代科学技术发展的特点,是将量子力学效应工程化或技术化的最好载体之一,呈现独特的光、电、磁、机械和催化等性质,在物理、生物、化学和材料学领域中都有广泛的研究和应用前景。     

侧基含羟基的主链偶氮苯液晶共聚酯的合成及其光响应行为

以4,4’-双(6-羟基己氧基)联苯(BHHBP)、4,4’-双(6-羟基己氧基)偶氮苯(BHHAB)为液晶基元,利用苹果酸二乙酯(DM)和苯基丁二酸(PSA)采用无规共聚,合成了侧基含羟基的偶氮苯液晶共聚酯(Az-LCP).先在液晶态下拉伸取向,然后用六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)交联制备单畴取向偶氮苯液晶交联网络.通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测试,对合成的Az-LCP进行结构表征,通过示差扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、偏光光学显微镜(POM)等对其液晶相变行为进行表征,研究了偶氮苯含量、交联密度、薄膜厚度对其光致弯曲行为的影响.结果表明,偶氮苯含量10%,交联12 h的Az-LCP1具有最佳的光致弯曲回复行为.     

氮掺杂碳点的制备及其对阿莫西林高灵敏检测

以天然物质石斛为原料,一步水热法合成高荧光量子产率的氮掺杂碳点(NCDs),通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见光吸收图谱(UV-Vis)及荧光光谱(PL)对合成的NCDs进行表征。 实验结果显示合成的NCDs发强烈的蓝色荧光,呈现为球形或准球形,均匀分散,尺寸范围在1~5 nm;其表面含有丰富的COOH、OH和NH₂等水溶性基团,最佳激发和发射波长分别为350和435 nm,且具有良好的发光稳定性。 通过测定,合成的NCDs的荧光量子产率高达29.19%。在pH=7.4的缓冲溶液中测定不同物质对NCDs的荧光影响,相同条件下发现只有阿莫西林能够对NCDs荧光进行明显猝灭,表明合成的NCDs可选择性的识别阿莫西林,通过NCDs的荧光强度变化构建一种可灵敏检测阿莫西林的传感器,检测线性范围为2.6~30 μmol/L,检出限为0.15 μmol/L。     

炭材料负载金属催化剂催化硅氢加成反应进展

炭材料具有比表面积大、孔径可调、取材广泛等优点,以其为载体负载金属活性组分制备硅氢加成催化剂极具发展前景.我们详细总结了近20年不同炭材料如活性炭、石墨与石墨烯、碳纳米管、富勒烯、卡宾等在硅氢加成反应中负载金属催化剂的制备方法、催化性能以及可能的催化机理,并对有望应用到该反应的新型炭材料载体进行了对比与展望.认为未来硅氢加成炭负载型催化剂的研究可聚焦于(1)探寻新型双金属活性组分以进一步提高催化活性;(2)研发更具优势的金属配体,明晰配体与载体、配体与金属之间的相互作用关系以提高催化选择性与稳定性;(3)结合科学可靠的催化机理研究,以期研发出更符合可持续发展要求的炭负载型硅氢加成金属催化剂,可使硅氢加成反应基本实现原子经济性.