炭材料负载金属催化剂催化硅氢加成反应进展

炭材料具有比表面积大、孔径可调、取材广泛等优点,以其为载体负载金属活性组分制备硅氢加成催化剂极具发展前景.我们详细总结了近20年不同炭材料如活性炭、石墨与石墨烯、碳纳米管、富勒烯、卡宾等在硅氢加成反应中负载金属催化剂的制备方法、催化性能以及可能的催化机理,并对有望应用到该反应的新型炭材料载体进行了对比与展望.认为未来硅氢加成炭负载型催化剂的研究可聚焦于(1)探寻新型双金属活性组分以进一步提高催化活性;(2)研发更具优势的金属配体,明晰配体与载体、配体与金属之间的相互作用关系以提高催化选择性与稳定性;(3)结合科学可靠的催化机理研究,以期研发出更符合可持续发展要求的炭负载型硅氢加成金属催化剂,可使硅氢加成反应基本实现原子经济性.

Development of Carbon-supported Metal Catalysts Applied in Hydrosilylation Reaction

Carbon material with advantages in large specific surface area, adjustable pore size, and wide extraction, has great prospects to prepare hydrosilylation catalysts as supporter of metal active components. In this paper, the preparation methods, catalytic properties and possible catalytic mechanisms of metal-supported catalysts for hydrosilylation over different carbon in the past 20 years have been summarized and compared in detail. The new kinds of carbon materials that are expected to be used as carriers of hydrosilylation catalysts are also compared and prospected. Based on the above analysis, it is believed that the research of carbon supported catalysts for hydrosilylation should be focus on (1) exploring new polymetallic active components to further improve catalytic activity; (2) developing more advantageous metal ligands, clarifying the interacting relationship between the ligand and the carrier, the ligand and the metal to improve the catalytic selectivity and stability; (3) combining the scientific and reliable catalytic mechanism research, in order to develop a carbon-supported hydrosilylation metal catalyst which is more in line with sustainable development requirements, which makes the hydrosilylation reaction achieve atomic economy basically.