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91.
A product form equilibrium distribution is derived for a class of queueing networks in either discrete or continuous time,
in which multiple customers arrive simultaneously and batches of customers complete service simultaneously. 相似文献
92.
The general context of this paper is to support the design of spillways by a direct mathematical approach instead of trial-and-error methods. First, a two-dimensional model is formulated to determine the free surface and the discharge for a stationary, incompressible, homogeneous, non-viscous and irrotational flow over a fixed spillway. The flow satisfies the Laplace equation and the Bernoulli equation (potential flow). An important feature of the model is that it can be extended to design the spillway structure when the spillway is not fixed but the pressure on the spillway is described by a cavitation criterion. Next, the continuous model is discretized by the boundary element method (BEM). We use a non-linear programming algorithm to calculate the pressures and the shape of the spillway. A computer-aided design package is developed on a PC using the equations describing the free surface, the BEM and standard optimization techniques. The input and output of the model are realized using graphical routines. Finally, we discuss the convergence and the computation time of the algorithms. 相似文献
93.
94.
95.
B. Morosin C. Henderson J. E. Schirber 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1994,59(2):179-180
The direct solid-state synthesis of C60H2 has been demonstrated by controlling the amount of hydrogen introduced into the reaction with C60. Palladium hydride has been used as the source of hydrogen. The main product 1,2-C60 is the isomer predicted to have the lowest energy of the possible 23 isomers; in addition, small amounts of the thermodynamically most stable isomer of C60H4, 1,2,3,4-C60H4, have also been obtained. 相似文献
96.
In this paper we study queueing networks which allow multiple changes at a given time. The model has a natural application
to discrete-time queueing networks but describes also queueing networks in continuous time.
It is shown that product-form results which are known to hold when there are single changes at a given instant remain valid
when multiple changes are allowed. 相似文献
97.
M. Yamaga Y. Gao F. Rasheed K. P. O'Donnell B. Henderson B. Cockayne 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1990,51(5):329-335
The fluorescence spectra of Ti3+ in Y3Al5O12 (YAG), Al2O3 (sapphire), YAlO3 (YAP) observed at 10 K are composed of zero-phonon lines accompanied by the broad vibronic sidebands. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime and of the total intensity of the broadband measured in YAG and Al2O3 indicate that the radiative decay times from the excited states are nearly constant in the range 10–300 K. This demonstrates that the broadband radiative emissions in Ti3+:YAG and Ti3+:Al2O3 are due to magnetic dipole transitions or to electric dipole transitions induced by static odd-parity distortion, respectively. The decrease of the fluorescence lifetime with increasing temperature in Ti3+:YAG and Ti3+:Al2O3 is due to non-radiative decay from the excited state which occurs through phonon-assisted tunnelling between the excited and ground states. The radiative decay of Ti3+:YAP is enhanced with increasing temperature, indicating that radiative decay rate contains a term associated with odd-parity phonons. Nevertheless, a non-radiative decay rate of 3.6 × 104 s–1 observed in the temperature range 10–300 K is due to excited state absorption, which depopulates the excited state and quenches the fluorescence at the laser wavelength. 相似文献
98.
Radical Compatibility with Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Its Impact on an All‐Organic Redox Flow Battery 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Xiaoliang Wei Dr. Wu Xu Dr. Jinhua Huang Dr. Lu Zhang Dr. Eric Walter Dr. Chad Lawrence Dr. M. Vijayakumar Dr. Wesley A. Henderson Dr. Tianbiao Liu Dr. Lelia Cosimbescu Dr. Bin Li Dr. Vincent Sprenkle Dr. Wei Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(30):8684-8687
Nonaqueous redox flow batteries hold the promise of achieving higher energy density because of the broader voltage window than aqueous systems, but their current performance is limited by low redox material concentration, cell efficiency, cycling stability, and current density. We report a new nonaqueous all‐organic flow battery based on high concentrations of redox materials, which shows significant, comprehensive improvement in flow battery performance. A mechanistic electron spin resonance study reveals that the choice of supporting electrolytes greatly affects the chemical stability of the charged radical species especially the negative side radical anion, which dominates the cycling stability of these flow cells. This finding not only increases our fundamental understanding of performance degradation in flow batteries using radical‐based redox species, but also offers insights toward rational electrolyte optimization for improving the cycling stability of these flow batteries. 相似文献
99.
Ultraviolet Absorption Induces Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer in G⋅C Watson–Crick DNA Base Pairs in Solution 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Katharina Röttger Hugo J. B. Marroux Dr. Michael P. Grubb Philip M. Coulter Hendrik Böhnke Dr. Alexander S. Henderson Dr. M. Carmen Galan Prof. Friedrich Temps Prof. Andrew J. Orr‐Ewing Dr. Gareth M. Roberts 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(49):14719-14722
Ultrafast deactivation pathways bestow photostability on nucleobases and hence preserve the structural integrity of DNA following absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. One controversial recovery mechanism proposed to account for this photostability involves electron‐driven proton transfer (EDPT) in Watson–Crick base pairs. The first direct observation is reported of the EDPT process after UV excitation of individual guanine–cytosine (G?C) Watson–Crick base pairs by ultrafast time‐resolved UV/visible and mid‐infrared spectroscopy. The formation of an intermediate biradical species (G[?H]?C[+H]) with a lifetime of 2.9 ps was tracked. The majority of these biradicals return to the original G?C Watson–Crick pairs, but up to 10 % of the initially excited molecules instead form a stable photoproduct G*?C* that has undergone double hydrogen‐atom transfer. The observation of these sequential EDPT mechanisms across intermolecular hydrogen bonds confirms an important and long debated pathway for the deactivation of photoexcited base pairs, with possible implications for the UV photochemistry of DNA. 相似文献
100.
International Intercomparison of Solar UVR Spectral Measurement Systems in Melbourne in 2013 下载免费PDF全文
Peter Gies Rebecca Hooke Richard McKenzie John O'Hagan Stuart Henderson Andy Pearson Marina Khazova John Javorniczky Kerryn King Matt Tully Michael Kotkamp Bruce Forgan Stephen Rhodes 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2015,91(5):1237-1246
Monitoring ambient solar UVR levels provides information on how much there is in both real time and historically. Quality assurance of ambient measurements of solar UVR is critical to ensuring accuracy and stability and this can be achieved by regular intercomparisons of spectral measurement systems with those of other organizations. In October and November of 2013 a solar UVR spectroradiometer from Public Health England (PHE) was brought to Melbourne for a campaign of intercomparisons with a new Bentham spectrometer of Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) and one at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), supported by New Zealand's National Institute for Water and Atmosphere (NIWA). Given all three spectroradiometers have calibrations that are traceable to various national standards, the intercomparison provides a chance to determine measurement uncertainties and traceability that support UV measurement networks in Australia, New Zealand and the UK. UV Index measurements from all three systems were compared and ratios determined for clear sky conditions when the scans from each instrument were within 2 min of each other. While wavelengths below 305 nm showed substantial differences between the PHE unit and the two other systems, overall the intercomparison results were encouraging, with mean differences in measured UV Index between the BOM/NIWA and those of PHE and ARPANSA of <0.1% and 7.5%, respectively. 相似文献