Thermal stability of the spin injection in Co/Ag/Co lateral spin valves

Spin injection, spin diffusion, and spin detection are investigated in Co/Ag/Co lateral spin valves at room temperature.Clear spin accumulation signals are detected by the non-local measurement. By fitting the results to the one-dimensional diffusion equation,~8.6% spin polarization of the Co/Ag interface and ~180 nm spin diffusion length in Ag are obtained.Thermal treatment results show that the spin accumulation signal drastically decreases after 100℃ annealing, and disappears under 200℃ annealing. Our results demonstrate that, compared to the spin diffusion length, the decrease and the disappearance of the spin accumulation signal are mainly dominated by the variation of the interfacial spin polarization of the Co/Ag interface.     

基于脉冲位置调制的测量设备无关量子密钥分发（英文）

为了进一步提高测量设备无关量子密钥分发(MDI-QKD)系统的传输距离和密钥率,将脉冲位置调制(PPM)技术引入到MDI-QKD中,利用弱光源中的空脉冲和高维编码技术,提出了一种高效的测量设备无关量子密钥分发,即PPM-MDI-QKD协议.协议中,通信双方首先将M个连续的弱脉冲构建成一个PPM帧,然后利用BB84极化编码和PPM编码方案实现高维编码,最后根据合法PPM帧、成功贝尔态测量结果以及匹配基筛选出安全密钥.数值计算结果表明,当光源平均光强小于0.13时,PPM-MDIQKD协议的性能优于MDI-QKD协议;与迄今为止报道的最远404km的MDI-QKD协议相比,在相同条件下,本协议最远传输距离能够达到480km,在404km传输距离上的密钥率可达5.4×10-4 bps.     

Machine Learning to Instruct Single Crystal Growth by Flux Method

Growth of high-quality single crystals is of great significance for research of condensed matter physics. The exploration of suitable growing conditions for single crystals is expensive and time-consuming, especially for ternary compounds because of the lack of ternary phase diagram. Here we use machine learning(ML) trained on our experimental data to predict and instruct the growth. Four kinds of ML methods, including support vector machine(SVM), decision tree, random forest and gradient boosting decision tree, are adopted. The SVM method is relatively stable and works well, with an accuracy of 81% in predicting experimental results. By comparison,the accuracy of laboratory reaches 36%. The decision tree model is also used to reveal which features will take critical roles in growing processes.     

各阶克尔非线性折射率对强激光大气传输的影响

用数值方法研究了各阶克尔非线性折射系数对强激光传输的影响,结果显示第7阶克尔非线性系数和第9阶克尔非线性系数协同影响激光传输,当第7阶克尔效应起作用时,忽略第9阶克尔效应的作用会导致光强随传输距离震荡剧烈,传输非常不稳定。要得到稳定传输需要第7阶克尔非线性系数和第9阶克尔非线性系数同时起作用或同时不起作用。在自聚焦阶段第3阶非线性折射率对折射率改变起主要作用,在稳定光丝传输阶段第7阶克尔非线性系数,第9阶克尔非线性系数起主要作用。第5阶克尔系数在整个传输过程中对折射率的改变一直比较小。     

第1届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛热学与电学综合实验题解答及分析

介绍了第1届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛热学与电学综合实验题及其解答,并分析了该实验题的设计思想、特点与要求.     

激光诱导等离子体光谱用于煤中氧的定量分析

利用激光诱导等离子体光谱(LIPS)技术实现对燃煤电厂输煤管中煤质的在线检测对于提高锅炉燃烧效率具有重要的现实意义,但对煤中氧含量的测量却是个难题.提出了一种新的数据处理方法,主要包括内标法、最佳分析线选择法、温度校正法及多线法等,来提高对煤中氧含量定量分析的准确性和重复性.实验中先通过8组煤样获得了煤中氧的定标方程,然后又利用其它6组煤样来验证该定标方程的准确性.实验结果表明,利用本数据处理方法对煤中氧含量测量的绝对误差小于1.1 %,多次测量的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5.9%,显示了较高的测量精度和重复性.     

外加磁场对乙炔气体爆炸反应影响研究

为探究磁场对气体爆炸反应的影响,实验研究了磁场强度对C₂H₂爆炸特征的影响规律,结果表明:磁场能抑制C₂H₂爆炸压力和升压速率,磁场强度越大,抑制效果越明显;沿火焰传播方向,磁场对C₂H₂爆炸火焰传播速度呈现先促进后抑制的效果,整体表现为抑制作用。磁场强度较低时,爆炸火焰平均传播速度降低了38.94%,磁场强度较高时,爆炸火焰平均传播速度降低了49.62%。利用Chemkin-Pro软件模拟了C₂H₂爆炸基元反应过程,理论推导了磁场影响C₂H₂爆炸的反应机理,磁场改变了C₂H₂爆炸反应路径,是造成爆炸特征参数下降的主要原因。由于不同种类自由基的摩尔质量和磁化强度不同,在磁场中,洛伦兹力和梯度磁场力对小分子量自由基比对大分子量自由基的作用力更大。磁场改变了自由基的运动轨迹,由于同种小分子量自由基的聚集和器壁效应的产生,减小了关键自由基之间的碰撞几率,降低了基元反应的速率,导致爆炸强度下降。     

Ru thickness-dependent interlayer coupling and ultrahigh FMR frequency in FeCoB/Ru/FeCoB sandwich trilayers

The antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer coupling effective field in a ferromagnetic/non-magnetic/ferromagnetic (FM/NM/FM) sandwich structure, as a driving force, can dramatically enhance the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency. Changing the non-magnetic spacer thickness is an effective way to control the interlayer coupling type and intensity, as well as the FMR frequency. In this study, FeCoB/Ru/FeCoB sandwich trilayers with Ru thickness ($t_{\rm Ru}$) ranging from 1 Å to 16 Å are prepared by a compositional gradient sputtering (CGS) method. It is revealed that a stress-induced anisotropy is present in the FeCoB films due to the B composition gradient in the samples. A $t_{\mathrm{Ru}}$-dependent oscillation of interlayer coupling from FM to AFM with two periods is observed. An AFM coupling occurs in a range of $2 {\rm Å} \le t_{\rm Ru} \le 8 {\rm Å}$ and over 16 $\mathrm{Å}$, while an FM coupling is present in a range of $t_{\rm Ru}< 2$ Å and $9 {\rm Å} \le t_{\rm Ru} \le 14.5 Å$. It is interesting that an ultrahigh optical mode (OM) FMR frequency in excess of 20 GHz is obtained in the sample with ${t}_{\mathrm{Ru}}= 2.5 \mathrm{Å}$ under an AFM coupling. The dynamic coupling mechanism in trilayers is simulated, and the corresponding coupling types at different values of $t_{\mathrm{Ru}}$ are verified by Layadi's rigid model. This study provides a controllable way to prepare and investigate the ultrahigh FMR films.     

分子团簇表面吸附敏化ZnO纳米线的第一性原理研究

ZnO纳米线作为新型太阳能电池结构的重要组成部件之一, 其导电能力直接影响到太阳能电池的性能. 采用密度泛函理论平面波超软赝势方法, 计算并分析了C₂H₆O(乙醇)、 C₆H₅FS(4-氟苯硫酚)、 C₇HF₇S(4-(三氟甲基L)-2, 3, 5, 6-四氟硫代苯酚) 等小分子吸附的六边形结构\langle0001angle ZNWs (ZnO 纳米线) 的几何结构、 吸附能和电子结构. 首先, 通过几何优化得到了不同基团吸附的ZNWs的稳定结构, 同时吸附能计算结果表明C₇HF₇S吸附的体系结构最为稳定, 且吸附呈现放热反应; 其次, 为研究表面敏化对导电性能的影响, 计算了不同小分子基团吸附下的能带结构和态密度, 并利用能带理论分析了表面吸附敏化对禁带宽度的调控机理, 结果分析表明小分子表面吸附敏化对ZNWs的电学性能有一定的影响, 其中C₇H₇FS和C₆H₅FS分子均发生了不同程度的电荷转移.     

白光LED用硅氮基荧光粉材料研究进展

随着白光LED技术的迅速发展,传统YAG∶Ce3+荧光粉由于低显色性、高色温等因素制约而难以满足发展需求。利用近紫外芯片激发三基色荧光粉成为获得白光LED的一种有效途径,因而发展高性能三基色荧光粉具有重要意义,尤其红光发光材料更是当务之急。硅氮基化合物包含由SiN₄四面体构成的网络结构,具有很高的化学稳定性和热稳定性。该类荧光粉因其结构的多样性,且在紫外-蓝光区具有高的吸收效率,因而随着基质和激活离子的改变,发射光谱可覆盖整个可见光区域,并具有较高的光转换效率和光色稳定性,对温度和驱动电流的变化不敏感等优点,因而此类研究对白光LED的发展具有深远的影响。综述了近年来硅氮基荧光粉制备方法及研究的最新进展,系统地归纳总结了硅氮基荧光粉的晶体结构及发光性能等特性,并分析了目前国际上对该材料的研究动态及应用情况。