In-situ synthesis,characterization and antimicrobial activity of viscose fiber loaded with silver nanoparticles

In order to broaden applications of viscose fiber, graft copolymerization of acrylic acid was conducted on its surface followed by in situ loading of Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The loading amount of Ag-NPs was affected by the concentrations of Ag⁺ and trisodium citrate, and their optimum concentrations were found to be 0.014 and 0.030 g/ml. The Ag-NP-loaded fibers presented a prolonged Ag release behavior in aqueous solution, of which the cumulative release was less than 5 % within 48 h. In addition, the viscose fibers showed good antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, and their consecutive antimicrobial activity was kept at more than 90 % after several washing cycles. Modified viscose fibers, therefore, offer a great opportunity for use as antimicrobial fabrics.     

界面对聚丙烯/碳酸钙复合材料光氧老化的影响

以聚丙烯(PP)/碳酸钙为研究对象,以复合材料界面为着眼点,探讨了不同的填料粒径和表面组成对复合材料光氧老化的影响,并提出了相关机理.首先,文中认为聚合物/无机填料界面面积与界面化学组成是影响老化速率的关键因素.聚合物与碳酸钙的总界面面积的增大会加速PP的光氧老化,不同偶联剂处理会改变碳酸钙的表面化学特性进而对PP老化产生促进或抑制.在此基础上提出了基于界面的老化反应速率概念及相应模型.其次,在老化领域采用了"界面放大"的实验方案,验证了碳酸钙对PP的老化促进很大程度上来源于碳酸钙表面的化学组成.此外,研究发现采用表面处理剂钛酸酯改性的碳酸钙能大大促进PP的老化,且表现为钛酸酯与碳酸钙的协同效果.     

铝合金表面电偶腐蚀与电子功函数的关系

铝合金中经常会引入一些第二相来改善其性能,第二相由于和铝基体的电位差不同,将会对铝合金的局部腐蚀产生重大的影响.为了揭示铝合金腐蚀的物理本质,本文利用基于密度泛函理论第一性原理的计算方法,详细计算了铝合金中一些主要第二相(Al_2Cu、Al_3Ti和Al_7Cu_2Fe)的多种晶面的电子功函数,分析了电子从各个晶面逸出的难易,求得了第二相与Al基体的本征电势差,我们发现不同的晶面暴露在合金最外层,会显著地影响本征电势差;即便是同一晶面,暴露在最外层的原子种类和构型不同,对腐蚀的影响也不一样.从电子的层面解释了电偶腐蚀发生的原因.     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Vinylethylene Carbonates with Formaldehyde: Enantioselective Construction of Tertiary Vinylglycols

An efficient method for the enantioselective construction of tertiary vinylglycols through a palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative cycloaddition of vinylethylene carbonates with formaldehyde was developed. By using a palladium complex generated in situ from [Pd₂(dba)₃]?CHCl₃ and a phosphoramidite ligand as a catalyst under mild reaction conditions, the process allows conversion of racemic 4‐substituted 4‐vinyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones into the corresponding 1,3‐dioxolanes, as methylene acetal protected tertiary vinylglycols, in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities.     

A Bioorthogonal Small‐Molecule‐Switch System for Controlling Protein Function in Live Cells

Chemically induced dimerization (CID) has proven to be a powerful tool for modulating protein interactions. However, the traditional dimerizer rapamycin has limitations in certain in vivo applications because of its slow reversibility and its affinity for endogenous proteins. Described herein is a bioorthogonal system for rapidly reversible CID. A novel dimerizer with synthetic ligand of FKBP′ (SLF′) linked to trimethoprim (TMP). The SLF′ moiety binds to the F36V mutant of FK506‐binding protein (FKBP) and the TMP moiety binds to E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR). SLF′‐TMP‐induced heterodimerization of FKBP(F36V) and eDHFR with a dissociation constant of 0.12 μM . Addition of TMP alone was sufficient to rapidly disrupt this heterodimerization. Two examples are presented to demonstrate that this system is an invaluable tool, which can be widely used to rapidly and reversibly control protein function in vivo.     

Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Diazo Coupling: Strategy towards Alkene Formation and Tandem Benzannulation

A gold(I)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of diazo compounds to afford tetrasubstituted alkenes has been developed by taking advantage of a trivial electronic difference between two diazo substrates. A N‐heterocyclic‐carbene‐derived gold complex is the most effective catalyst for this transformation. Based on this new strategy, a gold(I)‐initiated benzannulation has been achieved through a tandem reaction involving a diazo cross‐coupling, 6π electrocyclization, and oxidative aromatization.     

Ultrasound/microwave‐assisted extraction and comparative analysis of bioactive/toxic indole alkaloids in different medicinal parts of Gelsemium elegans Benth by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with MS/MS

Indole alkaloids are the main bioactive/toxic components in Gelsemium elegans Benth. To determine the distribution and contents of indole alkaloids in its different medicinal parts, a novel and rapid method using ultra‐high performance LC (UPLC) with MS/MS has been established and validated with an optimized ultrasound/microwave‐assisted extraction method. Four constituents, namely, humantenidine, humantenmine, gelsemine, and koumine, were simultaneously determined in 6 min. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ultra‐high performance LC BEH C₁₈ column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (containing 0.1% formic acid both in methanol and water) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole electrospray MS/MS by positive ion multiple‐reaction monitoring mode. All the analytes showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9934) within a concentration range from 0.1–25 μg/mL with a LOQ of 25–50 ng/mL. The overall intra‐ and intervariations of four components were <4.7% with an accuracy of 97.3–101.3%. The analysis results showed that there were remarkable differences in the distribution and contents of four chemical markers in the roots, stems, and leaves of G. elegans Benth. The findings can provide necessary and meaningful information for the rational utilization of its resources.     

极谱法测定矿石及冶金渣中铍含量

矿石及冶金渣试样与过氧化钠在700℃熔融,用温水浸取,以一定量盐酸酸化后定容。分取部分试样溶液使其中铍(Ⅱ)与铍试剂Ⅲ在EDTA、氯化铵和氨水底液中,生成稳定的配合物,该配合物于-0.80V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的吸附波,其峰电流的二阶导数与铍(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0.004~0.20mg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.3μg·L-1。方法用于了7个矿石及冶金渣样品的分析,所得测定值与认定值一致。方法的加标回收率在96.0%~105%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%~9.7%之间。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定壮阳类保健品中达泊西汀和4种PDE5抑制剂

提出了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定壮阳类保健品中4种PDE5抑制剂和达泊西汀含量的方法。样品溶于水中,再加甲醇提取。分取10μL提取液进样,并用Inertsil ODS-SP色谱柱为分离柱和由(A)三乙胺-乙酸-水(8+4+988)混合液,(B)乙腈和(C)0.02%(φ)磷酸溶液三者按不同比例相混的混合液作流动相进行梯度淋洗和分离。在检测波长290nm处进行测定。他达那非的质量浓度在1.25~25.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,其余4种化合物的质量浓度在5.0~100mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.05~0.2mg·L-1之间。加标回收率在94.1%~109%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于1.0%。     

化学修饰超高交联吸附树脂对水中四环素的吸附研究

本文采用偏苯三酸酐修饰的超高交联吸附树脂(TMAMR)和羟丙基纤维素修饰的超高交联吸附树脂(HPCMR)作为吸附剂,以NDA150树脂作对照,研究了3种树脂对水中四环素的吸附性能和吸附机理,同时考察了p H值和Na+浓度对TMAMR和HPCMR树脂吸附四环素的影响。结果表明,TMAMR和HPCMR树脂的比表面积较高,树脂表面修饰了大量的羟基,对四环素均具有较好的吸附性能。3种树脂对四环素的吸附量均随着温度的升高而增大,吸附过程中同时存在较强的物理吸附和化学吸附作用。Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程均能够较好地拟合吸附等温线,吸附机理较复杂。吸附热力学结果表明,四环素在3种树脂上的吸附为自发的吸热过程,且吸附过程的熵增加。p H值对TMAMR和HPCMR树脂吸附四环素有较大的影响,在中性条件下,树脂对四环素的吸附量最大,在强酸和强碱条件下树脂的吸附量均较低。吸附液中加入无机盐后,发生盐析作用,导致TMAMR和HPCMR树脂对四环素的吸附量增大。