溴代1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐的选择性合成

在常压下, 以溴化钠和发烟硫酸(含质量分数为40%的SO₃)为溴化试剂, 通过控制反应温度、 反应时间和溴化钠的投料比选择性地合成了2-溴-1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐和2,6-二溴-1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐. 本研究提供了一种合成溴代1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐衍生物的新方法.     

Regulation of Microstructure of Calcium Carbonate Crystals by Egg White Protein

Crystal growth of calcium carbonate in biological simulation was investigated via egg white protein with different volume fractions,during which calcium carbonate was synthesized by calcium chloride an...     

Detection of Lectins by Saccharide-gold Nanoparticle Conjugates

A general functionalization strategy was reported, which enables one to conjugate saccharide(SA) on gold nanoparticle(GNP) surface without affecting SA properties. First, disulfide phenylboronic acid(Bor) functionalized GNPs(Bor@GNPs) were synthesized by the reaction of citrate stabilized GNPs of 13 nm in diameter with the mixture of Bor and pentapeptide(Cys-Ala-Leu-Asn-Asn, CALNN). Subsequently, the SA-GNP conjugates(SA@GNPs) were prepared by coupling SA to the GNP surface via the reaction of phenylboronic acid(PBA) with the cis-diol configuration in SA. The interactions of three SA@GNPs with three lectins have been analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopic and transmission electronic microscopic(TEM) techniques, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that SA@GNPs can efficiently bind to lectins and show a great promise as optical probes for monitoring specific affinities of lectins for SA, and detecting lectins with high sensitivity.     

多视场定焦距CCD摄像系统结构设计及调校

针对多视场定焦距CCD摄像系统按照传统光机结构设计方法造起各光轴平行性容易偏移和系统占用空间较大等问题,提出多视场定焦距CCD摄像系统的光机结构可以以一个精密铸件为基体,铸造出每个视场的内腔毛坯形状,通过数控机械加工和可靠的装调方法保证各视场光轴的平行性和稳定性。装调完成后进行冲击和振动试验,结果表明:该多视场定焦距CCD摄像系统各视场光轴的平行性误差不大于0.2 mrad;各视场光轴的稳定性误差不大于0.1 mrad。因此,该结构设计方法是可行的,它具有结构紧凑、体积小,各光轴平行性和稳定性容易保证,可靠性高等特点。     

激光脉冲诱导损伤点对激光传输的影响

高能重复激光脉冲对光学元件损伤点的产生和扩展与损伤点对后续激光脉冲光强的调制作用密切相关。观察激光诱导K9玻璃的损伤点,发现损伤点是从里到外呈现辐射状分布,内部损伤程度最大,可致充分断裂;向外损伤程度减小,呈现辐射的应力相变,引起折射率变化;对损伤点的透射光谱检测发现其透过率下降大于20%,但是下降的幅度与波长无关,说明充分断裂的材料会对激光进行充分吸收,类似黑体吸收,其对入射光的吸收只与损伤点的面积有关。CCD对激光通过损伤点后的光强分布探测发现： 在激光能量传输过程中,损伤点会导致光强分布的不均匀,存在明显的散射效应,这会引起激光光强分布的不均匀性,导致损伤区域的进一步扩散。     

A Theoretical Study of a Single-Walled ZnO Nanotube as a Sensor for H2O Molecules

We have studied the property of single-walled ZnO nanotubes with adsorbed water molecules, and theoretically designed a new sensor for detecting water molecules using single-walled ZnO nanotubes using a combination of density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green's function method. Details of the geometric structures and adsorption energies of the H₂O molecules on the ZnO nanotube surface have been investigated. Our computational results demonstrate that the formation of hydrogen bonding between the H₂O molecules and the ZnO nanotube, and adsorption energies of the H₂O molecules on the ZnO nanotube are larger than the adsorption energies of other gas molecules present in the atmospheric environment. Moreover, the current-voltage curves of the ZnO nanotube with and without H₂O molecules adsorbed on its surface are calculated, the results of which showed that the H₂O molecules form stable adsorption configurations that could lead to the decrease in current. These results suggest that the single-walled ZnO nanotubes are able to detect and monitor the presence of H₂O molecules by applying bias voltages.     

KTP晶体的激光烧蚀特性及Raman光谱研究

高阈值的KTP晶体的研发,对高能激光领域至关重要。采用高重复频率的紫外激光对KTP进行烧蚀,并对烧蚀前后的Raman光谱进行分析,研究发现：激光等离子体效应是造成晶体破坏的主要原因,其逆韧致吸收效应会大大增加激光脉冲能量的沉积,电离效应使得晶体发生充分的离解,高压冲击波效应则把熔化、气化以及电离混合物外排的同时,使得材料发生断裂。烧蚀前后的Raman光谱的特征峰分布基本相同,说明烧蚀作用没有改变KTP材料的整体结构。但是,特征峰的对比值(RIR)都发生了改变,且有所展宽,说明烧蚀后结晶度降低。其中TiO₆和PO₄等主要氧多面体的特征峰向低波数漂移,说明材料的键合力消弱,更易发生离解。     

光学合成孔径成像技术及发展现状

基于干涉成像理论介绍了合成孔径成像技术原理。分别从成像过程、成像特性、视场大小、适用范围等方面对迈克尔逊型和菲索型两种合成孔径成像系统做了对比,重点介绍了这两种类型合成孔径望远镜在地基系统和天基系统上的应用、发展现状及发展趋势,指出迈克尔逊型合成孔径望远镜将会向着长基线、复杂基线结构的方向发展,而菲索型合成孔径望远镜则会向着复杂孔径排列结构的方向发展,以组成等效孔径为其子孔径几倍甚至几十倍的系统。与传统光学系统相比,合成孔径系统具有分辨力高、镜面加工难度小、易折叠、重量轻等特点,是实现高分辨力光学成像的一种有效途径,幸运成像、分布发射与在轨装配、无支撑薄膜望远镜等各种新技术都可以引用到合成孔径技术中来。     

微细通道内蒸发薄液膜区壁面滑移及微流动特性

基于扩展Young-Laplace方程和动力学理论研究微通道中蒸发薄液膜区固液界面附近流动和传热特性,考虑压力特征、壁面滑移和温度跳跃建立物理模型.利用边界层近似,提出一种计算固液界面吸附微液层热阻的方法,导得固液界面的热阻和温度.数值模拟结果表明,壁面微流动会降低毛细压力梯度,增加壁面热阻,降低液相过热度,恶化液膜铺展和传热性能,在薄液膜区不可忽略.阐明壁面微流动含义,指出滑移系数与吸附流动微液层厚度的关系.     

水平管降膜蒸发器传热优化研究

基于分布参数方法,对大型制冷系统中的水平管外降膜蒸发进行了传热优化数值模拟计算.在计算中,分析了饱和的液态制冷剂R134a在水平的铜管束外流动蒸发的换热特性.模型考虑了不同的管子类型和2流程不同管程布置对蒸发器换热特性的影响,结果表明,蒸发器采用Turbo-EHP管的性能高于其它管;不同管程布置对蒸发器性能的影响比较大,其中,下进上出管程布置的换热性能优于其它管程布置.同时,本文考虑了传热管外"干斑"对换热的影响.本文结论对于大型制冷系统中的降膜蒸发器传热优化设计具有指导性意义.