水平管内流动蒸发数值模拟及可视化研究

为了研究管内流动蒸发的性能,利用FLUENT对外径为7 mm光管内的流动蒸发过程进行了数值模拟,同时对外径为7 mm的光管和微肋管内的蒸发过程进行了可视化实验.所用工质为R22,实验工况为:质量流速220 kg/(m2s),7℃蒸发温度,15%～20%的入口干度,5～6℃的出口过热度,数值模拟和实验中均观测了流动蒸发中的旋流和脉冲喷射,分析了旋流及脉冲对换热等的影响.     

国内外分析化学教材比较

目前分析化学已发展到分析科学阶段 ,相应的分析化学基础教材也须与时俱进 ,进行改革。本文从编排、内容、知 能结构及教材的趣味性等几个方面对国内外分析化学教材进行比较 ,从而为国内分析化学教材的改革起一定的借鉴作用。     

金纳米粒子与单链DNA的相互作用

研究了金纳米粒子与单链DNA在不同pH值时的相互作用以及金纳米粒子与不同碱基序列单链DNA的相互作用. 结果表明, 在pH为12.6的强碱性条件下, 单链DNA能使金纳米粒子稳定分散在溶液中; 在pH为1.4的强酸性条件下, 单链DNA能保护金纳米粒子不发生融合, 而只发生团聚, 且团聚现象具有可逆性. 不同寡核苷酸对金纳米粒子的亲和力按poly dA>poly dC>poly dT的顺序依次减弱. 单链DNA对纳米金的保护作用强度与单链DNA的长度成正比.     

N1取代基结构对菲并咪唑荧光色纯度的影响

以1,2-二苯基菲并咪唑(PPI)为模型化合物, 通过改变N1苯环上取代基结构制备了2类PPI衍生物, 并采用核磁共振谱对其化学结构进行了确认. 通过对PPI及其衍生物的单分子荧光光谱精细结构的分析, 比较了取代基位置和结构的变化对菲并咪唑类化合物荧光过程中发射主峰精细振动结构及所占比例的影响. 其中, N1链接苯环中R4位的取代基效应最显著, 当引入推电子或弱的吸电子取代基时, 菲并咪唑类衍生物的低能级发射比例降低, 荧光色纯度提高; 当引入强吸电子取代基时, 低能级发射比例增加, 光谱半峰宽加大. 本文结果为菲并咪唑基“蓝光”材料的设计提供了一定数据的支持与科学依据.     

Effect of Torsion on Cisplatin-Induced DNA Condensation

We investigate the effect of torsion on DNA condensation with the covalently closed circular DNA as the torsionconstrained system, using an atomic force microscope. It is found that there are two stages in the DNA condensation process under torsional constraint. At the early stage, the low torsion will accelerate DNA condensation by promoting the formation of micro-loops or intersection structures; while at the later stage, the increasing torsion will slow it down by preventing the crosslinking of cisplatin and DNA since the DNA molecule becomes more rigid. Our results show the important role of torsion in DNA condensation and sheds new light on the mechanism for DNA condensation.     

基于数字微镜器件并行共焦成像的光点阵列优化

数字微镜器件(DMD)的灵活性有助于实现并行共焦成像。设计并搭建了基于DMD的并行共焦成像系统,分析了DMD光点阵列对轴向分辨率、横向分辨率和图像对比度的影响,得出了最优光点阵列参数。结果表明:光点越小,则横向和轴向分辨率越高;当光点间距大于光点大小时,增大光点间距对成像的横向分辨率无明显改善;对于1×1微镜,光点间距为光点大小的4倍时对应的图像对比度最高,即1×1光点大小、4倍光点间距为最优光点阵列。对数值孔径为0.25的物镜而言,最优光点阵列对应的横向分辨率优于512lp/mm,轴向分辨率可达7.82μm,均达到衍射极限。基于最优光点阵列的三维体光栅成像比宽场成像具有更高的分辨率和明显的层切效果,与激光扫描共焦成像相比无较大差距。基于DMD的并行共焦成像系统在保证高速成像的前提下,实现了高分辨率和高图像对比度的光学层切成像,在实时成像和三维成像中有一定的优势和应用前景。     

Spatial heterogeneity in liquid–liquid phase transition

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the liquid–liquid phase transition(LLPT) and the spatial heterogeneity in Al–Pb monotectic alloys. The results reveal that homogeneous liquid Al–Pb alloy undergoes an LLPT,separating into Al-rich and Pb-rich domains, which is quite different from the isocompositional liquid water with a transition between low-density liquid(LDL) and high-density liquid(HDL). With spatial heterogeneity becoming large, LLPT takes place correspondingly. The relationship between the cooling rate, relaxation temperature and percentage of Al and the spatial heterogeneity is also reported. This study may throw light on the relationship between the structure heterogeneity and LLPT, which provides novel strategies to control the microstructures in the fabrication of the material with high performance.     

Time-resolved spectroscopy for 5s~('4)D_(7/2) state transitions undergoing electron–ion recombination in femtosecond laser-produced copper plasma

In the femtosecond laser-produced Cu-plasma, the transient transition dynamics that the excited state 5s~('4)D_(7/2) via electron–ion recombination transfers to 4p~('4)F_(9/2)~0(465.11 nm, Λ1 line) and 4p~('4)D_(7/2)~0(529.25 nm, Λ_2 line) states are investigated by using the time-resolved spectroscopy. The occupation number and relevant lifetime of the excited state 5s~('4)D_(7/2),the temporal evolutions of spectral intensities for Λ_1 line and Λ_2 line emissions are demonstrated to be in direct proportion to the employed laser intensity, which reveals the transient features of transition dynamics clearly differing from that resulted in the traditional collision excitation. Furthermore, some unique characteristics for Λ_1 and Λ_2 transitions stemming from electron–ion recombination are examined in detail.     

基于压电传感器的一维弹性碰撞恢复系数测量系统研究

利用压电传感器、高速数据采集卡设计了小球与平板之间弹性碰撞恢复系数测量系统,并对该测量系统进行了实验验证.该测量系统采用USB-1616HS高速数据采集卡实时捕捉小球与平板之间的碰撞信号,通过对采集到的碰撞波形序列进行处理,获取相邻两次碰撞时间间隔,从而实现对弹性碰撞恢复系数的测量.实验表明,所设计的弹性碰撞恢复系数测量系统具有结构简单、原理清晰、测量精度高的特点.     

高压对Ti2AlX(X=C,N)结构、弹性和电子性质的影响

采用第一性原理方法,对比研究了Ti2AlC和Ti2AlN在高压下的结构、弹性和电子性质.结果表明,Ti2 AlC和Ti2AlN的品格常数a、c和体积V均随着外压的增大减小,但二者变化规律略有不同,都体现了材料的各向异性.通过对弹性常数、体模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量等弹性性质的分析,发现它们均随外压的增加而增大,并验证了Ti2AlC和Ti2AlN在0～50 GPa范围内的力学稳定性.此外,还从电子态密度的角度考察了Ti2AlC和Ti2AlN的电子性质,认为它们均具有共价键和金属键的双重特性,并发现在0 ～ 50 GPa范围内压力对态密度影响较小.本文计算结果与已有实验值和理论值吻合较好.