Solvent-switchable Acetalization by Yb（OTf）3-Catalyzed Procedures

O,O＇Diethyl acetals were prepared in high yields under mild conditions via the reaction of triethyl orthoformate with aldehydes and ketones in absolute ethanol in the presence of as low as 0.1 tool% of Yb（OTf）3. Using the same catalyst in THF-H2O, these O,O＇-diethyl acetals could be converted to the corresponding carbonyl compounds efficiently. This new protection-deprotection protocol presents the advantages of ease of execution, high efficiency and good chemoselectivity.     

A Study on the Interaction of the DAS-K with Bovine Serum Albumin by On-line Ultrafiltration and Chemiluminescence

Potassium dehydroandrographolide succinate （DAS-K） has antibacterial and antiviral effects. It has been used widely for the treatment of virus pneumonia, malaria and respiratory infections. In this work, a novel flow-injection chemiluminescence （CL） method for the determination of DAS-K was proposed. The method is based on the reaction between DAS-K and hexacyanoferrate（III） in alkaline solution to give weak CL signal, which is enhanced by rhodamine B. The experimental conditions for the CL reaction were optimized and the possible reaction mechanism was discussed. Under the optimum conditions, the concentration of DAS-K is proportional to the CL intensity in the range of 0.1-80 μmol·L^-1 with a detection limit of 0.05 μmol·L^-1. The interaction of the DAS-K with bovine serum albumin by on-line ultrafiltration and flow-injection chemiluminescence was studied. The concentrations of unbound DAS-K from ultra filter tube were determined by the flow-injection CL method. The binding parameters were estimated by the Scatchard plot and Klotz plot. The proposed system proved that FIA-CL coupled with on-line ultrafiltration sampling was a fast and simple technique for the study of drug-protein interaction.     

以马铃薯组织为酶供体化学发光新方法测定血清中游离多巴胺

基于超常氧化态的Cu(III)配合物K5[Cu(HIO6)2]能催化低浓度的鲁米诺一过氧化氢化学发光体系,用以测定痕量的过氧化氢;利用马铃薯组织作为酶的提供体.建立了一种测定多巴胺的新方法.多巴胺在马铃薯组织中的多酚氧化酶催化下被溶解氧氧化产生过氧化氢,通过测定产生的过氧化氢间接地测定多巴胺的浓度.实验表明,相对发光强度与多巴胺浓度在2.1×10-10～2.1×10-6mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.2×10-11mol·L-1.对3.0×10-9mol·L-1多巴胺平行测定7次,相对标准偏差为2.1%.该方法具有极高的灵敏度,可用于直接测定正常人血清中的游离多巴胺的浓度.     

Tuning the acyclic ether moiety of anticancer agent AA005 with conformationally constrained fragments

A new series of anticancer annonaceous acetogenin mimetics were designed, synthesized, and evaluated based on our previously developed compound AA005, in which a variety of conformationally constrained fragments were introduced. Parallel syntheses of all new compounds were accomplished by replacement of the acyclic bis-ether functionality of AA005 with certain conformationally constrained fragments. Slight effects to the anticancer activity were exerted by altering stereochemistries in the middle modification region. Similar to AA005, most newly synthesized mimetics were found to exhibit potent activities against breast cancer cells, and showed satisfactory selectivities between cancerous and non-cancerous cells. An N,N'-dimethyl bis-amide compound 67 exhibits 30 times more potency against MDA-MB-468 cells than its parent molecule AA005. This study indicates that the introduction of appropriate conformational constraints is a useful optimizing tool for this class of anticancer agents. Successes in the bis-amide analogues of AA005 make this unique class of anticancer agents much simpler and more flexible for future further developments.     

A gram-scale laboratory synthesis of Annonaceous acetogenin mimic AA005

AA005(1),a potent anticancer mimicking molecule of natural Annonaceous acetogenin,features a central C₂-symmetric triglycol moiety and three stereogenic centers.To support ongoing animal studies,a scalable 10-step synthesis of AA005(1) has been studied,optimized and accomplished in this work,starting from commercially available economic materials ethylene glycol and(R)-epichlorohydrin.A regio-and stereo-controlled BF₃·Et₂O-promoted epoxide opening of(R)-epichlorohydrin with ethylene glycol was investigated,optimized and successfully applied to the scalable preparation of the crucial fragment 6 a with C₂-symmetry.Further successive epoxide openings elaborated both two side chains and the whole skeleton with proper nucleophiles and electrophiles.Comparison and optimization of the reaction sequences finally led to completion of a new multi-gram synthesis ofAA005(1) with satisfactory enantiomeric and diastereomeric purity.     

Concise synthesis of zanamivir and its C4-thiocarbamido derivatives utilizing a [3+2]-cycloadduct derived from d-glucono-δ-lactone

A concise synthesis of zanamivir (GG167, 1) has been accomplished utilizing the adduct of a highly diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between methyl acrylate and the nitrone derived from d-glucono-δ-lactone. Azide-free introduction of C4 nitrogen functionality and one-pot selective O-acetylation followed by straightforward generation of dihydropyran moiety are two advantages in this synthesis. Using the established methodology and common intermediate, two representative C4-thiocarbamido derivatives of zanamivir were also synthesized.     

Electronically unfavorable addition of electron-deficient olefins to isochromenylium tetrafluoroborates initiated by C-1 O-glycosylation

Electronically unfavorable reactions between isochromenylium tetrafluoroborates and electron-deficient olefins have been studied and achieved by assistance of a phenolic hydroxyl group in the olefin substrates, providing the corresponding 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives diastereoselectively in moderate to satisfactory yields. The new methodology is initiated by an intermolecular C-1 O-glycosylation, and completed with an intramolecular Michael addition and an aldol condensation in cascade fashion.     

固定化联吡啶钌电化学发光结合微透析采样在线研究药物蛋白反应

基于Nepem-105D全氟离子交换溶液形成的离子交换膜将联吡啶钌(Ⅱ)固定化于铂电极表面,设计制作了一种简单方便、高灵敏的新型电化学发光传感器.结合微透析采样技术,建立了在线研究环丙沙星与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用的新方法.结果表明:在优化的实验条件下,相对发光强度(△I)与环丙沙星浓度在3.0×10-8～3.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.利用本方法研究了环丙沙星与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用,得到环丙沙星与牛血清白蛋白的结合常数K=3.51×104 L/mol,结合位点数n=1.49.本方法可快速简便地研究药物与蛋白相互作用,在药效学和药代动力学等方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

Cluster algebra structure on the finite dimensional representations of affine quantum group U_q(_3)

In this paper,we prove one case of conjecture given by Hernandez and Leclerc.We give a cluster algebra structure on the Grothendieck ring of a full subcategory of the finite dimensional representations of affine quantum group Uq(3).As a conclusion,for every exchange relation of cluster algebra,there exists an exact sequence of the full subcategory corresponding to it.     

Total synthesis of ent-(−)-azonazine using a biomimetic direct oxidative cyclization and structural reassignment of natural product

A biomimetic approach has been investigated and developed for the total synthesis of azonazine, an unusual marine natural cyclopeptide containing a rigid transannular 10-membered ring. A hypervalent iodine-mediated direct oxidative cyclization was successfully developed and applied to construct the highly strained core, which was the key step in the first total synthesis of ent-(−)-azonazine. Based on the physical evidences of synthesized diastereomer and enantiomer of azonazine, both the relative and absolute configurations of the natural product were revised. Two fluorinated azonazine derivatives were also synthesized in short convenient steps utilizing the same intermediate in this work. The established total synthesis opens a potential opportunity to study the structure–activity relationship of natural azonazine.