Pd-catalyzed amidation of aryl(Het) halides with tert-butyl carbamate

Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of tert-butyl carbamate with various aryl(Het) halides with Cs₂CO₃ as base in 1,4-dioxane as solvent was investigated, which resulted in the formation of the desired compounds in moderate to excellent yields.     

Effects of non-smooth characteristics on bionic bulldozer blades in resistance reduction against soil

The phenomenon of soil adhesion occurs widely when terrain machines and construction machines work; this adhesion increases their working resistance. Bionics is one of the most effective methods to reduce resistance against soil. Several non-smooth convex form bulldozer blades were tested to study the effects of non-smooth characteristics on resistance reduction against soil. Under the same soil and test conditions, the draft forces of different non-smooth samples were obtained, and were lower than those of smooth samples. The sample with largest convex base diameter had the lowest draft force. The experiments with smooth and non-smooth samples were repeated to observe soil adhesion and test resistance. A minimum amount of soil adhered to the surface of the non-smooth sample, and the draft force varied smoothly. The smooth sample was different in soil adhesion and draft force.     

Wavelength dependent damage thresholds of a bandpass filter under femtosecond laser irradiation

Laser induced damage thresholds of a bandpass filter with TiO₂/SiO₂ coatings are measured, with the laser delivering wavelength tunable, high-repetition rate, and ultrashort pulses. The multiple wavelengths are selected within the transitional region between the filter passband and stopband. A method that scans the sample along the focused laser beam is employed to vary the spot size on the coating and, consequently, change the fluence. The damage is detected by both a CCD camera and by monitoring the transmitted power simultaneously. During the experiment, an increase in the filter transmission was observed prior to damage occurrence. We demonstrate that damage induced on the coating by the high repetition rate, femtosecond pulses is governed by macroscopic thermal behavior rather than by critical free electron density in the conduction band. In addition, the process of energy deposition is determined by intrinsic nature of the coating materials. Further analysis indicates that the thresholds as a function of wavelength are determined by the combination of the properties of TiO₂, interference field in the coating stack, and thermal effects. Moreover, we attribute the observed increase in the coating transmission to these thermal effects rather than ionization processes.     

1.3μm分布反馈二极管激光器组件

开发了一种用于光纤公用天线电视（ＣＡＴＶ）的分布反馈激光二极管组成，组件包括１．３μｍＩｎＧａＡｓ／ＩｎＰ双沟－平面掩埋双异质结（ＤＣ－ＰＢＨ）分布反馈激光二极管和光隔离器，封装在蝴蝶型管壳内，组件的出纤线性功率为２．５ｍＷ，并具有极低的失真。     

Dual Graphitic‐N Doping in a Six‐Membered C‐Ring of Graphene‐Analogous Particles Enables an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Graphene‐based materials still exhibit poor electrocatalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) although they are considered to be the most promising electrocatalysts. We fabricated a graphene‐analogous material displaying exceptional activity towards the HER under acidic conditions with an overpotential (57 mV at 10 mA cm^?2) and Tafel slope (44.6 mV dec^?1) superior to previously reported graphene‐based materials, and even comparable to the state‐of‐the art Pt/C catalyst. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) and solid‐state NMR studies reveal that the distinct feature of its structure is dual graphitic‐N doping in a six‐membered carbon ring. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the unique doped structure is beneficial for the activation of C?H bonds and to make the carbon atom bonded to two graphitic N atoms an active site for the HER.     

Selective extraction of uranium from uranium–beryllium ore by acid leaching

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Both uranium and beryllium are very important strategic metals and have been applied to many fields, such as nuclear industries, atomic energy,...     

Unstable Surface Waves in Running Water

We consider the stability of periodic gravity free-surface water waves traveling downstream at a constant speed over a shear flow of finite depth. In case the free surface is flat, a sharp criterion of linear instability is established for a general class of shear flows with inflection points and the maximal unstable wave number is found. Comparison to the rigid-wall setting testifies that the free surface has a destabilizing effect. For a class of unstable shear flows, the bifurcation of nontrivial periodic traveling waves is demonstrated at all wave numbers. We show the linear instability of small nontrivial waves that appear after bifurcation at an unstable wave number of the background shear flow. The proof uses a new formulation of the linearized water-wave problem and a perturbation argument. An example of the background shear flow of unstable small-amplitude periodic traveling waves is constructed for an arbitrary vorticity strength and for an arbitrary depth, illustrating that vorticity has a subtle influence on the stability of free-surface water waves.     

Extraction of uranium in caustic sludge from the production of nuclear fuel components by countercurrent dissolution and acid curing

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The uraniferous caustic sludge (UCS) produced in the production of uranium fuel components was hardly to leach directly, due to its very low-grade...     

Molecular interactions between pyrazine and n-propanol, chloroform, or tetrahydrofuran

The molecular interactions of pyrazine (PZ) with n-propanol, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) have been investigated by employing ultraviolet spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculation methods. A new quantity, excess absorption coefficient, was introduced to represent the strength of the interaction. It was found that the interaction decreased in the order: PZ-propanol>PZ-chloroform>PZ-THF. The Benesi-Hildebrand method indicated that the interaction stoichiometries of the PZ-chloroform and PZ-THF systems were both 1:1 and the equilibrium constants were determined to be 2.07 and 0.64M(-1), respectively. Using a nonlinear fitting method, we demonstrated that the PZ-propanol was a two-step 1:2 interaction pair and the equilibrium constants were determined to be 8.8 and 0.19M(-1). Quantum chemical calculations showed the existence of hydrogen-bonding interactions in all the three system: normal Ncdots, three dots, centeredH-O hydrogen bond in the PZ-propanol system, unconventional Ncdots, three dots, centeredH-C hydrogen bond in the PZ-chloroform, and weak N-C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bond in the PZ-THF system. Methodologically, we pointed out that special care must be taken when the Benesi-Hildebrand method is used to evaluate 1:2 interactions.