Numerical simulation and experimental study of heat and mass transfer in fuel droplet evaporation

Heat and mass transfer in fuel droplet evaporation are investigated through numerical simulation and experimental study. The effect of liquid-phase heat transfer is studied using the temperature difference between the gas- and liquid-phase droplets, different turbulent intensity and oscillatory flow frequency. For the two-droplet array, some differences in heat and mass transfer mechanisms are found. For different spacing of the two-droplet array, the downstream droplet evaporation is affected by the lead droplet.     

再生混凝土梁抗弯刚度计算方法

对国内外再生混凝土梁的抗弯刚度试验结果与采用我国现有规范给出的梁刚度计算公式得到的计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明现有规范公式不适用于再生混凝土梁。在分析再生混凝土刚度的影响因素的基础上,理论推导得出再生混凝土梁的刚度计算公式,该公式的计算值与试验值之比的平均值为1.01,方差为0.16,计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

Amplified Fluorescence Turn‐On Assay for Mercury(II) Detection and Quantification based on Conjugated Polymer and Silica Nanoparticles

An amplified fluorescence turn‐on assay for mercury(II) detection and quantification was developed. This method makes use of specific thymine/mercury(II)/thymine coordination to capture Fl‐labeled DNA onto NP surface. Addition of a cationic conjugated polymer leads to an amplified Fl signal in solution. A sigmoidal Hg²⁺ working curve is obtained at fixed [NP] with a detection limit of 0.1 × 10⁻⁶ M . However, by reducing [Hg²⁺] and [NP] simultaneously, while maintaining [Hg²⁺]:[DNA duplex] = 3:1, a linear calibration curve is observed with a detection limit of 5 × 10⁻⁹ M . The CCP‐assisted mercury(II) assay shows potential applications in environmental mercury detection and for industrial process control.

     

再生混凝土梁截面碳化深度分布的计算分析

首先,将裂缝弥散化并将裂缝的影响耦合到再生混凝土中CO₂的扩散系数中,基于Fick定律建立受力状态下再生混凝土中CO₂扩散方程,根据质量守恒定律,推导出考虑应力状态影响时再生混凝土中CO₂的传质方程;然后,通过加速碳化试验,确定了传质方程中应力水平影响系数的大小;最后,采用MATLAB编制有限元程序求解传质方程,确定了再生混凝土梁截面的碳化深度分布。结果表明,对于顶面不传质的再生混凝土梁,截面上的碳化深度分布很不均匀,受压区角部再生混凝土碳化深度最小,而受拉区角部再生混凝土的碳化深度最大,其值为受压区一般边再生混凝土碳化深度的2.2倍,为相应的无应力状态下同配比普通混凝土梁一般边的2.4倍。 更多还原     

Determination of degree of substitution for N-acylated chitosan using IR spectra

Chitosans with various degrees of deacetylation (D.D.), which were used as standard sample for FTIR determination, were prepared from completely deacetylated chitosan by homogeneous N-acetylation reaction. By combining four probable probe bands, i.e. 1655, 1560, 1380 and 1320 cm-1, eight probable reference bands, i.e. 3430, 2920, 2880, 1425, 1155, 1070, 1030 and 895 cm-1 and two baseline methods, the most suitable ratios Aprobe band/Aeterence band from IR spectra to determine the degree of acetylation of chitosan were evaluated from 48 combinations to be A1560/A2880, A1560/A2920 and A1655/A3430(A1560/A2880 is mostly recommended). The second baseline method, i.e. linking between adjacent two valleys, was better for measuring the absorbances of 1560 and 1655 cm-1 bands. The determination range of the D.D. (1%-100%) covered almost the whole range. The standard curves with A1560/A2880 and A1655/A3430 were also suitable for the determination of degree of substitution of other N-acylated chitosan, such as N-pr     

邻苯二甲酰化壳聚糖中酰胺酸取代度的红外测定

室温条件下从完全脱乙酰化壳聚糖出发合成了不同酰胺酸取代度的邻苯二甲酰化壳聚糖，并以此为标样，标样的取代度由X射线光电子能谱（XPS）确定，研究了以FT－IR作为工具测定此系列衍生物的总取代度的方法，以2887cm^-1的吸收峰作为参比谱带，探针谱带可用1712cm^-1或749cm^-1的吸收峰，两种探针谱带所得曲线的斜率分别为1．13和0．12，相关系数分别为0．997和0．977，此结果表明：红外法是一种既准确可靠又方便可行的测定方法。     

N-乙基壳聚糖的针状结晶

在N 乙基壳聚糖的甲酸溶液浇铸膜中观察到高分子少有的针状晶体 .从球晶经后结晶得到的针状晶体为长条矩形 ,典型尺寸为～ 5 0 μm× 2～ 5 μm× 1～ 2 μm ,高分子链平行于晶体长轴 .针状晶体首先出现在球晶的核心处 ,继而出现在球晶微纤每个树枝状分叉处 ,最后才遍布球晶各处 .针状晶体可以看成是高分子伸直链结晶的一种 .浇铸膜吸潮实际上形成了超浓溶液 (浓度 >80wt% ) ,从而分子链可以运动而后结晶成针状晶体     

Velocity map imaging study of the O2 ion-pair production at 17.499 eV: simultaneous parallel and perpendicular transitions

The fine structure resolved photofragment O(-)((2)P(j)) image from the O(2) ion-pair production at 17.499 eV has been recorded. The branching ratio for producing the low energy spin-orbit O(-)((2)P(3/2)) component to the high energy spin-orbit O(-)((2)P(1/2)) component is 1:0.78 and the optical transitions for them correspond to perpendicular and parallel transitions, respectively. The anisotropy parameters, 1.64 for channel producing O(-)((2)P(1/2)) and -0.35 for O(-)((2)P(3/2)), suggest that the dissociation proceeds via the states with symmetry (3)Sigma(u)(-) and (3)Pi(u), respectively. Although the main mechanisms for the O(2) ion-pair production are the predissociation via the intermediate Rydberg states, the direct dissociation mechanism for the channel producing O(-)((2)P(1/2)) may also be involved.     

A combined zero electronic kinetic energy spectroscopy and ion-pair dissociation imaging study of the F2 + (X 2Pi g) structure

Rotationally resolved pulsed field ionization and zero electronic kinetic energy photoelectron spectra for the transition F(2) (+)(X (2)Pi(g))<--F(2)(X (1)Sigma(g) (+)) have been recorded using the extreme ultraviolet coherence radiation. The vibrational energy spacings, rotational constants, and spin orbit coupling constants for the first three vibrational states of F(2) (+)(X (2)Pi(g)) have been determined accurately. The first adiabatic ionization potential (IP) of F(2) is determined as IP(F(2))=126 585.7+/-0.5 cm(-1). To determine the threshold E(tipp) for ion-pair production of F(2), the images of F(-)((1)S(0)) in the velocity mapping conditions have also been recorded at the photon energy of 126 751 cm(-1). Taking the Stark effect into account, the E(tipp) is determined as E(tipp)(F(2))=126 045+/-8 cm(-1) (15.628+/-0.001 eV). By combing the IP(F(2)) and the E(tipp)(F(2)) determined in this work and together with the reported ionization potential and electronic affinity of the F atom, the bond dissociation energies of F(2) and F(2) (+) are determined as D(0)(F(2))=1.606+/-0.001 eV and D(0)(F(2) (+))=3.334+/-0.001 eV, respectively.     

Interactions between spiropyrans and room-temperature ionic liquids: photochromism and solvatochromism

A series of imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) containing anions from organic carboxylic acids were prepared. A set of dye probes, including Reichardt's dye (30), 4-nitrioaniline, and N, N-diethyl-4-nitroaniline, were used to determine the ET(30) scales and the Kamlet-Taft parameters (pi*, alpha, and beta) of the RTILs. On the basis of the polarity properties, these RTILs were categorized into three groups: group A with beta >0.9, alpha <0.9; group B with beta <0.9, alpha <0.9; and group C with beta <0.9, alpha >0.9. Interactions of these RTILs with four photochromic spiropyran derivatives (SP-I, SP-II, SP-III, and SP-IV) were investigated. It was found that the spiropyrans could present photochromism (positive or negative) or not, depending mainly on the polarity properties of the RTILs and also on the structure itself. A new spectroscopic method based on the molecular transition energy of the spiropyran probes (ESP) was proposed to determine the polarity of those protic or fluorine-containing RTILs, which were failed with the Reichardt's dye (30) probe.