具有模拟SOD功能的大分子

生命活动中用于维持生物体内超氧阴离子自由基动态平衡的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)是一类金属酶,属于典型的生物大分子金属络合物,因其在生命活动中所起的重要作用而备受关注。目前,有关SOD的模拟已从小分子化合物的模拟,走向大分子环境与活性中心相结合的系统模拟。本文从高分子化合物角度对模拟SOD的研究进展作一综述,以期为设计并开发具有生物相容且高活性的新型高分子抗氧化剂提供新思路。天然大分子有蛋白质与多肽、多糖、分子聚集体,目前所采用的蛋白质(多肽)是性能稳定的天然蛋白质或通过基因重组技术生物合成的蛋白质或多肽,所采用的多糖类物质主要有右旋糖酐、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖等。小分子活性化合物(如金属卟啉、新型肟类为配体的同核与异核复合物、salen型金属配合物等)通过与这些天然大分子结合,在提高活性的同时也改善了其稳定性。将活性小分子物质与分子聚集体(如胶束、脂质体)结合制得的SOD模拟物可以模拟天然SOD在体内的环境,提高抗氧化活性和体内循环时间。合成高分子模拟SOD的工作主要集中于高分子接枝金属配合物的研究,其中典型的合成高分子有聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)、聚L-赖氨酸、聚(苯乙烯-马来酸酐)、聚(环己烷-1,4-丙酮二亚甲基缩酮)、氯化聚苯乙烯树脂、聚乳酸和一些嵌段共聚物,其抗氧化活性与金属配体有关,是一类潜在的抗癌药物。     

Crystal Structure and Magnetic Property of a 2-D Hexa-Circular Ring Cu(II)/Na(I)-Substituted Sandwich-Type Arsenotungstate

A new compound H₈[NaCu₅Cl(H₂O)₃(B-α-AsW₉O₃₃)₂] 24H₂O (1) is synthetized by the reaction of the CuCl₂ 2H₂O and Na₂₇[NaAs₄W₄₀O₁₄₀] 60H₂O in aqueous solution, which is constructed from a {Cu₅Na} hexagon moiety sandwiched by two trilacunary [B-α-AsW₉O₃₃]^9? units. The structure is determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique and further characterized by IR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 is built by two trilacunary [B-α-AsW₉O₃₃]^9? units incorporating a {Cu₅Na} hexagon moiety and further linked to each other to form an infinitely extended 2-D network via Cu–O–W bridges. Notably, magnetic measurement demonstrates that the occurrence of intramolecular ferromagnetic Cu–Cu interactions within {Cu₅Na} hexagon moiety.     

Simultaneous quantitation of seven alkaloids in processed Fuzi decoction by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid analytical method based on rapid resolution LC coupled with MS/MS was first established to quantify seven alkaloids in processed Fuzi decoction. The chromatographic method was optimized to allow simultaneous analysis of all analytes in 5 min and demonstrated good linearity (r > 0.9995), repeatability (RSD < 4.36%), intra‐ and interday precisions (RSD < 5.07%) with good accuracies (97.76–105.08%) and good recovery (95.0–107.5%) of seven alkaloids, namely higenamine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine, aconitine, hypaconitine, and mesaconitine. The LODs for these markers were in the range of 2.30–17.00 pg/mL. Quantitative analysis of the seven alkaloids in Baifupian decoction and Heishunpian decoction showed that the content of the seven marker chemicals varied significantly and concluded that the quality of Fuzi was greatly affected by different processed methods. The developed method could be used as a rapid, sensitive, and reliable approach for assessment of the quality of processed Fuzi and related decoction.     

Use of neutral capillaries for the enantioseparation of N‐benzoylated amino acids by capillary electrophoresis with bromobalhimycin as chiral selector

In this study, the partial filling technique on both polycationic polymer hexadimethrine bromide (HDB) modified capillary and eCAP neutral capillary were systematically compared in order to enhance the enantioseparation ability of bromobalhimycin as CE additive. The separation conditions, such as pH, the plug length, and the concentration of bromobalhimycin, etc., were optimized in order to obtain satisfactory separations. As expected, for all tested 28 N‐benzoylated amino acids, up to five times higher enantioresolutions were obtained on the eCAP neutral capillary compared to that on the polycationic polymer hexadimethrine bromide modified capillary. Moreover, 26 of 28 tested racemic compounds were almost baseline‐ resolved without observing any interference from the front of the plug of bromobalhimycin. Although the limitation of longer running time on the neutral capillary, it allows the use of higher content of bromobalhimycin in the running buffer without any interference on the detection of analytes when enantioseparations are more difficult to obtain.     

Concurrent extraction,clean‐up,and analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers,hexabromocyclododecane isomers,and tetrabromobisphenol A in human milk and serum

A method has been developed and validated for the concurrent extraction, clean‐up, and analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), α‐, β‐, and γ‐hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in human milk and serum. Milk and serum samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction with acetone/hexane 1:1, v/v and liquid–liquid extraction with methyl‐tert‐butyl ether/hexane 1:1, v/v, respectively. The removal of co‐extracted biogenic materials was achieved by gel permeation chromatography followed by sulfuric acid treatment. The fractionation of the PBDEs and HBCD/TBBPA was performed using a Supelco LC‐Si SPE cartridge. The detection of the PBDEs was then performed by GC–MS and that of the HBCDs and the TBBPA was performed using UPLC–MS/MS. The pretreatment procedure was optimized, and the characteristic ions and fragmentation of the analytes were studied by MS or MS/MS. A recovery test was performed using a matrix spiking test at concentrations of 0.05–10 ng/g. The recoveries ranged from 78.6–108.8% with RSDs equal to or lower than 14.04%. The LODs were 1.8–60 pg/g. The usefulness of the developed method was tested by the analysis of real human samples, and several brominated flame retardants in different samples were detected and analyzed.     

Simultaneous quantification of 11 isoquinoline alkaloids in Corydalis impatiens (Pall.) Fisch by HPLC

Isoquinoline alkaloids are the primary active ingredients of Corydalis, but an analytical method for quality assessment of the active ingredients in Corydalis impatiens (Pall). Fisch has not been reported. A new, simple, and multiple‐component quantification method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 11 isoquinoline alkaloids including capnoidine, chelianthifoline, bicuculline, protopine, isoapocavidine, apocavidine, cavidine, tetrahydroepiberberine, ochotensimine, tetrahydrocoptisine, and tetrahydrocorysamine in C. impatiens. Separation of the isoquinoline alkaloids was performed on a RP C₁₈ column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5, adjusted by phosphoric acid)/acetonitrile (53:47, v/v) containing 0.3% sodium dodecyl sulfonate. The flow rate and detection wavelength were set at 1 mL/min and 295 nm, respectively. Full validation of the assay was carried out including linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, LOD, and limit of quantitation. All calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r > 0.999) in test range. The results demonstrated that the developed method was reliable, rapid, and specific. Six batches of C. impatiens samples from different sources were determined using the established method. The contents of alkaloids ranged from 11.68 to 351.83 μg/g. This method can be applied for quality evaluation and control of C. impatiens. Eleven isoquinoline alkaloids were first reported on simultaneous determination with HPLC.     

A square‐pyramidal copper(II) complex with strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds: diaqua(N,N′‐dimethylformamide‐κO)bis[2‐(diphenylphosphoryl)benzoato‐κO]copper(II)

In the title Cu^II complex, [Cu(C₁₉H₁₄O₃P)₂(C₃H₇NO)(H₂O)₂], the molecule is bisected by a twofold axis relating the two 2‐(diphenylphosphoryl)benzoate (ODPPB) ligands. The asymmetric unit consists of a Cu^II metal centre on the symmetry axis, an ODPPB ligand, one water ligand and one dimethylformamide (DMF) ligand (disordered around the twofold axis). The Cu^II ion has fivefold coordination provided by two carboxylate O atoms from two ODPPB ligands, two O atoms from two coordinated water molecules and another O atom from a (disordered) DMF molecule, giving a CuO₅ square‐pyramidal coordination geometry. The ODPPB ligand adopts a terminal monocoordinated mode with two free O atoms forming two strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds with the coordinated water molecules, which may play a key role in the stability of the molecular structure, as shown by the higher release temperature for the coordinated water molecules than for the coordinated DMF molecule. The optical absorption properties of powder samples of the title compound have also been studied.     

Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Aldehydes with a Salophen Copper(II) Complex and tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide at Room Temperature

An efficient and selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols has been developed using a salophen copper(II) complex as the catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant in the presence of base. Moderate to excellent yields of the corresponding benzaldehydes were obtained at room temperature without the carboxylic acids being formed.     

A novel kind of dimmer (excimer)-induced-AIE compound 2-phenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-3(2H)-one as high selective bisulfite anion probe

An interesting dimmer (excimer)-induced-AIE characteristic of 2-phenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-3(2H)-one was observed. By using a ring-opening reaction, we developed a novel fluorescent probe based on sub-micron particles of 2-phenylisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-3(2H)-one in water.