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71.
Katsuhiko Tomooka Nobuyuki Komine Tomoya Sasaki Hideo Shimizu Takeshi Nakai 《Tetrahedron letters》1998,39(52):2362-9718
Treatment of (E)-6-phenyl-5-hexenyl carbamates with s-BuLi/(−)-sparteine is shown to afford the trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclopentane derivatives in high % ee, along with the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes (bicyclization products). 相似文献
72.
Aqueous Titanate Sols from Ti Alkoxide-α-Hydroxycarboxylic Acid System and Preparation of Titania Films from the Sols 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ohya Tomokazu Ito Masamichi Yamada Keiko Ban Takayuki Ohya Yutaka Takahashi Yasutaka 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2004,30(2):71-81
Aqueous titanate sols were prepared by reactions of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TIP) with -hydroxycarboxylic acids in water. IR and Raman spectra, and elemental analyses of the precipitates obtained from the sols revealed that the carboxylates were chelated to titanium but the Ti species were polymerized to form a cluster that had a colloidal nature. Spin-coating of titania (TiO2) thin films from these sols was also examined. Interestingly, it was found that (004) preferentially oriented anatase films with refractive index of 2.54 were obtained from TIP-lactic acid-NH3 (1:1:1, molar ratio) aqueous sol. This crystallographic orientation was characteristic of the TIP-lactic acid-NH3 (1:1:1) system, and was not affected by the kinds of substrates used and the heating rate of the film. TEM observation indicated that small anatase grains had already formed at 200°C. Therefore, the crystallographic orientation might depend strongly on the structure of the chemical species of the precursor solutions. 相似文献
73.
Motokawa R Annaka M Nakahira T Koizumi S 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2004,38(3-4):213-219
By employing small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), we investigated the microstructures of, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (NE) in deuterated water D2O, as related to macroscopic behaviors of fluidity, turbidity and synerisis. SANS revealed following results: (i) microphase separation occurs at around above 17 °C in a temperature range of transparent sol below 30 °C. In the microdomain appeared in the transparent sol state, both block chains of PNIPA and PEG are swollen by water; (ii) for the NE solution of polymer concentration Wp > 3.5% (w/v), corresponding to opaque gel above 30 °C, a percolated structure, i.e., network-like domain is formed by NE as a result of macrophase separation due to dehydration of the PNIPA chains. As the temperature increases toward 40 °C, the network domain is squeezed along a direction parallel to the NE interface, which leads to increase of the interfacial thickness given by swollen PEG chains and to the macroscopic synerisis behavior. 相似文献
74.
Hino S Ichikawa T Ogita N Udagawa M Fujii H 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2005,(24):3038-3040
The partial pressure of NH3 gas estimated by Raman spectroscopy indicates that approximately 0.1% NH3 inevitably contaminates the H2 desorbed from a hydrogen storage material composed of LiH and LiNH2 at any temperature up to 400 degrees C in a closed system. 相似文献
75.
76.
A stereoselective synthesis of the LM-ring fragment has been achieved starting from a sugar derivative. A stereoselective synthesis of the JKLM-ring fragment has been achieved through a coupling between two segments via heteroconjugate addition, seven-membered ether ring formation mediated by an acetylene cobalt complex, and spiroketalization reaction. 相似文献
77.
Yamanaka N Kawano R Kubo W Kitamura T Wada Y Watanabe M Yanagida S 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2005,(6):740-742
Use of a new ionic liquid crystal, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, and iodine as an electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cells leads to a high short circuit photocurrent density and a high light-to-electricity conversion efficiency, due to a self-assembled structure of the imidazolium cations, resulting in high conductivity of the electrolyte. 相似文献
78.
Kiyoshi Endo Hiroharu Nagahama Takayuki Otsu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1979,17(11):3647-3653
A study of the monomer isomerization polymerization of 2-, 3-, and 4-octenes has been made with TiCl3–(C2H5)3Al catalyst at 80°C in comparison with the ordinary polymerization of 1-octene. It was found that all these octenes underwent monomer-isomerization polymerization to give high-molecular-weight homopolymer consisting exclusively of the 1-octene unit. The addition of an isomerization catalyst such as nickel acetylacetonate accelerated this polymerization. The rates of polymerization were found to decrease in the following order: 1-octene > 2-octene > 3-octene > 4-octene. These results indicate that the isomerization proceeded by a stepwise double-bond migration. It was also found that the monomer-isomerization copolymerization of 2-octene and 2-butene occurred under similar conditions and produced copolymers of both 1-olefin units. 相似文献
79.
Efficient Separation of Hydrophobic Molecules by Molecularly Imprinted Cyclodextrin Polymers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hiroyuki Asanuma Takayuki Hishiya Makoto Komiyama 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2004,50(1-2):51-55
Cyclodextrins were cross-linked with toluene 2,4-diisocyanate in dimethyl sufoxide in the presence of hydrophobic biomolecules as templates, and the imprinted polymers were applied to the stationary phases of high performance liquid chromatography. Molecular imprinting efficiently promoted the binding-affinity and substrate-selectivity towards the template molecule, compared with the control polymers prepared in their absence. When cholesterol (template molecule) was complexed with cyclodextrins prior to the polymerization, for example, the imprinted polymer retained cholesterol more strongly than other steroids. Upon the polymerization without a template molecule, the binding towards steroids was much weaker. Besides steroids, imprinting was effective for various hydrophobic and rigid template molecules. Since binding of the guest molecule was based on inclusion complex formation with cyclodextrins, separation could be achieved in the solvents containing water. These polymeric receptors are also applicable to selective recognition of biologically important molecules or removal of toxic molecules from aqueous media. Thus, imprinting of cyclodextrins is useful for the preparation of synthetic tailor-made receptors for various kinds of hydrophobic guest molecules. 相似文献
80.
Ishizaka T Miyanaga Y Mukai J Asaka K Nakai Y Tsuji E Uchida T 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2004,52(8):943-948
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bitterness of 18 different antibiotic and antiviral drug formulations, widely used to treat infectious diseases in children and infants, in human gustatory sensation tests and using an artificial taste sensor. Seven of the formulations were found to have a bitterness intensity exceeding 1.0 in gustatory sensation tests (evaluated against quinine as a standard) and were therefore assumed to have an unpleasant taste to children. The bitterness intensity scores of the medicines were examined using suspensions in water or an acidic sports drink. In the case of three macrolide antibiotic formulations containing erythromycin (ERYTHROCIN dry syrup), clarithromycin (CLARITH dry syrup for pediatric), and azithromycin (ZITHROMAC fine granules for pediatric use), the bitterness intensities of suspensions in acidic sports drinks were dramatically enhanced compared with the corresponding scores of suspensions in water. This enhancement could be predicted using the taste sensor. On the other hand, a reduction of bitterness intensity was observed for an acidic sports drink suspension of an amantadine product (SYMMETREL fine granules) compared with an aqueous suspension. This reduction in bitterness could also be predicted using the taste sensor output value. Thus, the taste sensor could predict whether or not suspension in an acidic sports drink would enhance or reduce the bitterness intensity of pediatric drug formulations, compared with suspensions in water. 相似文献