Synthesis of poly(isobutyl‐co‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) with 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphinato platinum(II) moiety as an oxygen‐sensing dye for pressure‐sensitive paint

Pressure‐sensitive paint (PSP), which consists of luminescent molecules embedded in an oxygen‐permeable polymer, has been developed for use in wind‐tunnel experiments. To improve the PSP technique, a novel luminescent methacrylate monomer, 5‐[4‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphinato platinum(II), was synthesized and copolymerized with isobutyl methacrylate and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate to produce a dye‐pendant copolymer ( 2 ). The introduction of 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphinato platinum(II) (PtTPP) dye into 2 was confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements. The extent of PtTPP dye incorporation in 2 was proportional to the molar fraction of the PtTPP‐pendant methacrylate monomer in the feed. The oxygen‐sensing property of 2 was compared with that of a PSP consisting of PtTPP dye embedded in poly(isobutyl‐co‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate). Although the simple mixture of PtTPP and poly(isobutyl‐co‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) showed a marked deviation from a single Stern–Volmer relation, novel copolymer 2 gave a highly linear Stern–Volmer plot. This was unequivocal evidence of dye conjugation on the oxygen‐sensing polymer film. © 2005Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2997–3006, 2005     

Photooxygenation of pyrazin-2(1h)-ones

1-Alkyl-5,6-diphenylpyra2in-2(1H)-ones (1a-b) reacted with singlet oxygen in dichloromethane to afford the stable endoperoxide (1a-b), while in methanol to afford the 1:1-adduct (3a-b) of the endoperoxide (2a-b) and methanol.     

Synthesis of Δ1[9]- and/or Δ8[9]-dehydroindolizidines and related compounds

A facile synthesis of Δ^1[9]- and/or Δ^8[9]-dehydroindolizidine and related compounds, consisting of dry distillation of γ-(N-2-piperidinonyl)butyric acid over soda-lime, is described. Reductions of these dehydroindolizidines and stereochemistry of 1-methylindolizidine are also described.     

Recent insights into iron homeostasis and their application in graminaceous crops

Higher plants utilize various mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis. To acquire sparingly soluble iron from the rhizosphere, graminaceous plants synthesize natural iron (III) chelators known as mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs). Recent research has uncovered various genes involved in iron uptake and translocation, as well as factors regulating the expression of these genes, especially in rice. Manipulation of these molecular components is used to produce transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency, or with a high seed iron content. Since iron homeostasis is closely linked to that of other mineral elements, an understanding of this phenomenon will serve as the basis for the production of crops with low concentrations of toxic metals and transgenic plants for phytoremediation.     

Trivial source modules in blocks with cyclic defect groups

We shall present a method to get trivial source modules easily just by looking at values of ordinary characters at non-identity p-elements in finite groups instead of doing huge calculation. The method is only for a case where defect groups are cyclic. Nevertheless, it works well at least when we want to prove Broué’s abelian defect group conjecture for blocks which have elementary abelian defect groups of order p ².     

Disulfide‐Unit Conjugation Enables Ultrafast Cytosolic Internalization of Antisense DNA and siRNA

Development of intracellular delivery methods for antisense DNA and siRNA is important. Previously reported methods using liposomes or receptor‐ligands take several hours or more to deliver oligonucleotides to the cytoplasm due to their retention in endosomes. Oligonucleotides modified with low molecular weight disulfide units at a terminus reach the cytoplasm 10 minutes after administration to cultured cells. This rapid cytoplasmic internalization of disulfide‐modified oligonucleotides suggests the existence of an uptake pathway other than endocytosis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the modified oligonucleotides are efficiently internalized into the cytoplasm through disulfide exchange reactions with the thiol groups on the cellular surface. This approach solves several critical problems with the currently available methods for enhancing cellular uptake of oligonucleotides and may be an effective approach in the medicinal application of antisense DNA and siRNA.     

Role of pressure gradient on intrinsic toroidal rotation in tokamak plasmas

The toroidal plasma rotation generated by the external momentum input and by the plasma itself (intrinsic rotation) has been separated through a novel momentum transport analysis in the JT-60U tokamak device. The toroidal rotation, which is not determined by the momentum transport coefficients and the external momentum input, has been observed. It is found that this intrinsic rotation is locally determined by the local pressure gradient and increases with increasing pressure gradient. This trend is almost the same for various plasmas: low and high confinement mode, co and counterrotating plasmas.     

Transition between internal transport barriers with different temperature-profile curvatures in JT-60U Tokamak plasmas

A spontaneous transition phenomena between two states of a plasma with an internal transport barrier (ITB) is observed in the steady-state phase of the magnetic shear in the negative magnetic shear plasma in the JT-60U tokamak. These two ITB states are characterized by different profiles of the second radial derivative of the ion temperature inside the ITB region (one has a weak concave shape and the other has a strong convex shape) and by different degrees of sharpness of the interfaces between the L mode and the ITB region, which is determined by the turbulence penetration into the ITB region.     

Evaluation of measurement uncertainty in the elemental analysis of sintered silicon carbide using laser ablation in liquid—inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with external calibration and isotope dilution

Accreditation and Quality Assurance - The goal of this study was to evaluate the uncertainty of elemental analytical methods that use laser ablation in liquid (LAL) as a pretreatment. After LAL...