Photopatternable thin films from silyl hydride containing silicone resins and photobase generators

The photopatternability of various silyl hydride containing organosilicone resins containing the photobase generators N‐methylnifedipine or O‐(2‐nitrobenzyl)‐N‐octyl carbamate have been examined, with the goal of identifying potential photopatternable compositions with high thermal stability after cure. Two different categories of silicone resins have been prepared from combinations of diphenylsiloxane and methyl and hydrogen silsesquioxane units and a combination of phenyl and hydrogen silsesquioxane monomer units. The photobase generators were incorporated into these resins at concentrations up to 10 weight percent. UV‐irradiation of micrometer thick silicone resin‐photobase films through a photomask, under an air atmosphere, yielded micrometer scale features after development. Photopatternable compositions have been identified with photosensitivities of less than 50 mJ/cm2. The photopatterning process is believed to proceed by base‐catalyzed reaction of resin‐based silanol groups with neighboring silyl hydride groups to yield thermally stable siloxane crosslinks. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

掺锡As2S8薄膜光折变效应及其在条波导制备中的应用研究

实验研究了Sn₁As₂₀S₇₉非晶态半导体薄膜的光折变效应及其膜厚变化的现象,归纳了沉积态样品、退火态样品和光饱和态样品的实验规律,提出和采用紫外光激励的方法试制了Sn₁As₂₀S₇₉条形波导,632.8 nm波长导模激励显示该波导具有良好的导波特性. 关键词： 光波导技术 硫属化合物玻璃 光阻断效应 光折变效应     

波导侧壁起伏对聚酰亚胺波导光学梳状滤波器串扰特性的影响及其改善方法

提出了一种结构模型来分析由工艺引起的波导侧壁起伏对于聚合物波导光学梳状滤波器的滤波特性的影响。含氟聚酰亚胺高分子聚合物制备多级马赫一曾德尔串联型光学梳状滤波器件的工作参量为中心波长1550nm,波长间隔为0．8nm,40通道的波长交错分离。模拟计算：表明,对由高分子聚合物材料制备的多级马赫-曾德尔串联型光学梳状滤波器件,其主要影响是增大了信道之间的串扰,中心波长1550nm处的信道串扰由理想情况下的-40dB降为-12dB,极大地影响了器件的性能。在此基础上,提出一种改善光学梳状滤波器串扰性能的新结构,该结构由多级马赫-曾德尔耦合器和微环共振滤波器串接构成,40个通道的串扰改善为-0dB以下。     

In situ and ex situ observations of the growth dynamics of single perylene nanocrystals in water

The growth dynamics of fluorescent perylene nanocrystals, which are fabricated by the reprecipitation method, was investigated using in situ and ex situ single-particle fluorescence measurements. A red shift in the emission maxima as the aging time increased was observed by single-particle fluorescence spectral measurements. The number and size of the nanocrystals increased with the increasing aging time in water. It was concluded that the metastable intermediates, such as clusters and initial nanoparticles, are relevant for the early stages of nucleation and growth of the perylene nanocrystals.     

Acceleration of laser-induced formation of gold nanoparticles in a poly(vinyl alcohol) film

Gold nanoparticles (AuNps) were fabricated in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film using the photochemically generated benzophenone ketyl radical and PVA radical by laser irradiation as a reducing agent. The measurements of the surface plasmon band of AuNps indicated that AuNps continued growing in the PVA film for several hours or days after the laser irradiation. The formation process of AuNps in the PVA film was investigated by using laser flash photolysis and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Additive doping (formic acid or sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) in the PVA film dramatically accelerated or inhibited the formation rate of the AuNps, respectively. The doping of formic acid accelerated the formation rate of the AuNps by a factor of 10-20. On the contrary, doping of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate inhibited the formation of AuNps. The mechanisms of the acceleration and inhibition were investigated by using laser flash photolysis. The effects of additives on the formation process of AuNps are discussed.     

Emission from charge recombination during the pulse radiolysis of 9-cyano-10-phenylethynylanthracenes with donor and acceptor substituents

Emission from 9-cyano-10-phenylanthracene and 9-cyano-10-phenylethynylanthracenes having donor and acceptor substituents (RA = PA, PEA, OEA, NEA, and DEA) was studied with the time-resolved fluorescence measurement during the pulse radiolysis of RAs in benzene (Bz). PA and DEA showed only monomer emission, while other RAs (PEA, OEA, and NEA) showed both monomer and excimer emissions with much lower intensities. On the basis of the steady-state and transient absorption and emission measurements, the formation of RA in the singlet excited state ((1)RA*) can be attributed to the charge recombination between RA radical cation and anion (RA*+ and RA*-, respectively) which are initially generated from the radiolytic reaction in Bz. It is expected that for PA with a twisted geometry, the charge recombination between PA*+ and PA*- occurs to give (1)PA* during the pulse radiolysis in Bz. For PEA and OEA, pi-stacking interaction is possible for the formation of an encounter complex during the charge recombination between RA*+ and RA*-. For NEA, it is expected that NEA*+ and NEA*- collide neck-to-neck to generate the excimer due to the twisted geometry. For DEA, a considerably twisted structure is assumed to give (1)DEA* with strong ICT character but not (1)(DEA)2* because of the bulky donor substituent.     

A simple and sensitive HPLC-fluorescence method for quantification of MDMA and MDA in blood with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) as a label

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection to determine 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphethamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphethamine (MDA) in human and rat whole blood or plasma samples was developed by using 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB-Cl) as a label. MDMA and MDA in a small amount of blood sample (ca 100 microL) were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, and were derivatized with DIB-Cl under mild conditions (10 min at room temperature). A good separation of DIB-derivatives could be achieved within 45 min using a commercially available ODS column with an isocratic eluent of 10 mM citric acid-20 mM Na(2)HPO(4) aqueous buffer (pH 4.0)-CH(3)CN-CH(3)OH (50:45:5, v/v/v %). The calibration curves prepared with 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine (MPPA) as an internal standard showed good linearity (r = 0.999) with 0.36-0.83 ng/mL detection limit at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. MDMA and MDA in rat whole blood could be monitored for 6 h after a single administration of MDMA (2.2 mg/kg, i.p.). The pharmacokinetic parameters for MDMA and MDA obtained by triplicate measurements were 426 +/- 23 and 39 +/- 6 ng/mL (C(max)), 20 +/- 5 and 100 +/- 10 min (T(max)), respectively.     

Comparison of accuracy of intravoxel incoherent motion and apparent diffusion coefficient techniques for predicting malignancy of head and neck tumors using half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging

Purpose

To evaluate the use of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) technique in half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and to compare its accuracy to that of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to predict malignancy in head and neck tumors.

Patients and methods

HASTE DW images of 33 patients with head and neck tumors (10 benign and 23 malignant) were evaluated. Using the IVIM technique, parameters (D, true diffusion coefficient; f, perfusion fraction; D*, pseudodiffusion coefficient) were calculated for each tumor. ADC values were measured over a range of b values from 0 to 1000 s/mm². IVIM parameters and ADC values in benign and malignant tumors were compared using Student's t test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, and multivariate logistic regression modeling.

Results

Mean ADC and D values of malignant tumors were significantly lower than those of benign tumors (P < 0.05). Mean D* values of malignant tumors were significantly higher than those of benign tumors (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean f values between malignant and benign tumors (P > 0.05). The technique of combining D and D* was the best for predicting malignancy; accuracy for this model was higher than that for ADC.

Conclusions

The IVIM technique may be applied in HASTE DWI as a diagnostic tool to predict malignancy in head and neck masses. The use of D and D* in combination increases the diagnostic accuracy in comparison with ADC.