全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3876篇 |
免费 | 684篇 |
国内免费 | 531篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2590篇 |
晶体学 | 66篇 |
力学 | 277篇 |
综合类 | 27篇 |
数学 | 604篇 |
物理学 | 1527篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 90篇 |
2022年 | 88篇 |
2021年 | 149篇 |
2020年 | 190篇 |
2019年 | 149篇 |
2018年 | 167篇 |
2017年 | 176篇 |
2016年 | 190篇 |
2015年 | 184篇 |
2014年 | 227篇 |
2013年 | 290篇 |
2012年 | 343篇 |
2011年 | 366篇 |
2010年 | 226篇 |
2009年 | 266篇 |
2008年 | 268篇 |
2007年 | 222篇 |
2006年 | 258篇 |
2005年 | 186篇 |
2004年 | 125篇 |
2003年 | 107篇 |
2002年 | 106篇 |
2001年 | 88篇 |
2000年 | 78篇 |
1999年 | 78篇 |
1998年 | 67篇 |
1997年 | 55篇 |
1996年 | 63篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 39篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 32篇 |
1990年 | 29篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
1929年 | 2篇 |
1926年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5091条查询结果,搜索用时 468 毫秒
961.
Optimal constant weight covering codes and nonuniform group divisible 3-designs with block size four
Let K
q
(n, w, t, d) be the minimum size of a code over Z
q
of length n, constant weight w, such that every word with weight t is within Hamming distance d of at least one codeword. In this article, we determine K
q
(n, 4, 3, 1) for all n ≥ 4, q = 3, 4 or q = 2
m
+ 1 with m ≥ 2, leaving the only case (q, n) = (3, 5) in doubt. Our construction method is mainly based on the auxiliary designs, H-frames, which play a crucial role
in the recursive constructions of group divisible 3-designs similar to that of candelabra systems in the constructions of
3-wise balanced designs. As an application of this approach, several new infinite classes of nonuniform group divisible 3-designs
with block size four are also constructed. 相似文献
962.
Ge YS Tai SX Xu ZQ Lai L Tian FF Li DW Jiang FL Liu Y Gao ZN 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(14):5913-5920
Three novel anionic sulfonate gemini surfactants, sodium 4,4'-(10,19-dioxo-9,11,18,20-tetraazaoctacosane-9,20-diyl) dibenzenesulfonate (Surfactant I), sodium 4,4'-(12,21-dioxo-11,13,20,22-tetraazadotriacontane-11,22-diyl) dibenzenesulfonate (Surfactant II), and sodium 4,4'-(14,23-dioxo-13,15,22,24-tetraazahezatriacontane-13,24-diyl) dibenzenesulfonate (Surfactant III), with different lengths of hydrophobic tail have been synthesized, and their assembly behavior in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied using spectral methods and molecular modeling methods at physiological pH and 298 K. Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the three surfactants have been determined by surface tension measurements. Despite the obvious decrease of CMC with the increase of tail length, fluorescence spectra have shown much closer CAC in the presence of BSA. Surfactant II shows the highest CAC of 3.19 × 10(-5) mol L(-1) compared with the other two. The polarity of the microenvironment in BSA-surfactant systems has been investigated using pyrene as the probe. In addition, far-UV CD spectra studied the change of the secondary structure content of BSA caused by the three surfactants. The features of the assembly behavior were discussed by three concentration regions. Surfactant II could unfold the protein much more efficiently than the other two surfactants at low concentration, but at high concentration, the change of the secondary structure and the formation of hydrophobic microenvironment show a direct relationship to the length of the hydrophobic tail with the increase of the surfactant concentration. 相似文献
963.
Ji X Wang M Xu D Ge X Liu H Tang T 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(13):5498-5502
A novel spongelike polymer material has been fabricated by γ-ray induced polymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) in an emulsion containing cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene (CSP) particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that the spongelike structure is made up of interlinked nanosized PMMA particles with micrometer-sized CSP-PMMA particles embedded inside. The nitrogen adsorption isotherm discloses that the spongelike material has a high specific surface area of 29 m(2)/g and a narrow pore size distribution of 60-120 nm. The formation mechanism is discussed in this paper, which indicates that the key steps to form the spongelike material include a Pickering emulsion stabilized by the CSP particles, followed by the swelling process of MMA into these particles. This approach offers a more convenient alternative to prepare polymeric spongelike material without any etching procedure. 相似文献
964.
Xueping Ge Xuewu Ge Mozhen Wang Huarong Liu Bin Fang Zhi Li Cunzhong Yang Guang Li 《Colloid and polymer science》2012,290(17):1749-1757
A new and effective process has been developed for fabrication of novel cage-like multihollow polymer particles by using sulfonated polystyrene (SP) particles as the templates, with heptane as the phase separation agent, in an ethanol/water medium. The ratio of water/ethanol and the heating temperature play important roles in the formation of these multihollow particles. It was found that the cage-like polymer particles could be obtained when the ratio of ethanol/water is 5:5 (w/w), with a temperature above 50?°C. After a detailed study, the formation mechanism was proposed based on an SP swollen (ethanol and heptane penetrating process) and phase separation process. This new method for fabricating the cage-like multihollow polymer particles has a great meaning not only on confirming the formation mechanism, but also on providing an effective way to prepare the special hollow core/porous shell polymer particles, which could have wide range of potential applications, such as catalysts, sensors, and drug release. 相似文献
965.
Dynamics of ice nucleation on water repellent surfaces 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Alizadeh A Yamada M Li R Shang W Otta S Zhong S Ge L Dhinojwala A Conway KR Bahadur V Vinciquerra AJ Stephens B Blohm ML 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(6):3180-3186
Prevention of ice accretion and adhesion on surfaces is relevant to many applications, leading to improved operation safety, increased energy efficiency, and cost reduction. Development of passive nonicing coatings is highly desirable, since current antiicing strategies are energy and cost intensive. Superhydrophobicity has been proposed as a lead passive nonicing strategy, yet the exact mechanism of delayed icing on these surfaces is not clearly understood. In this work, we present an in-depth analysis of ice formation dynamics upon water droplet impact on surfaces with different wettabilities. We experimentally demonstrate that ice nucleation under low-humidity conditions can be delayed through control of surface chemistry and texture. Combining infrared (IR) thermometry and high-speed photography, we observe that the reduction of water-surface contact area on superhydrophobic surfaces plays a dual role in delaying nucleation: first by reducing heat transfer and second by reducing the probability of heterogeneous nucleation at the water-substrate interface. This work also includes an analysis (based on classical nucleation theory) to estimate various homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation rates in icing situations. The key finding is that ice nucleation delay on superhydrophobic surfaces is more prominent at moderate degrees of supercooling, while closer to the homogeneous nucleation temperature, bulk and air-water interface nucleation effects become equally important. The study presented here offers a comprehensive perspective on the efficacy of textured surfaces for nonicing applications. 相似文献
966.
967.
968.
吕绮雯 郑阳恒 田彩星 刘福虎 蔡啸 方建 高龙 葛永帅 刘颖彪 孙丽君 孙希磊 牛顺利 王志刚 谢宇广 薛镇 俞伯祥 章爱武 胡涛 吕军光 《物理学报》2012,61(7):72904-072904
本研究采用双层150 mm×150 mm闪烁条阵列定位宇宙线的入射和出射位置. 阵列信号光使用波移光纤吸收传输,在ICCD相机前插入前置像增强器,使信号光延迟大于200 ns, 使ICCD可以由外部高速触发信号控制,有效记录随机触发事例.该宇宙线定位系统可以同时多点密集测量 通用探测器测试平台的时间分辨和闪烁光的渡越时间.该新方法与传统时间分辨测量方法相比提高了30倍以上 的效率.实验结果显示:时间探测器的时间分辨好于200 ps,满足通用探测器测试平台的设计要求. 相似文献
969.
激光裂解技术能够极大改善发动机缸体主轴承座的加工质量并显著提高加工效率. 为探寻Nd:YAG激光烧蚀球墨铸铁材料裂解槽的裂解性能, 本文基于有限元法成功构建了发动机缸体主轴承座激光裂解加工过程仿真模型, 针对QT500-7球墨铸铁主轴承座的裂解参数进行了仿真分析. 研究结果表明: 在影响裂解质量的三个裂解槽几何参数中, 槽深较张角及曲率半径对裂解载荷的影响效应更为明显; 裂解载荷随槽深的增加而迅速降低, 随槽张角和曲率半径的增加而升高; QT500-7球墨铸铁发动机缸体主轴承座激光裂解加工优化参数应为裂解槽深选为0.5 mm, 裂解槽张角选为60o, 裂解槽半径选为0.2 mm. 有限元模拟分析结果得到了单向拉伸实验结果的验证. 本工作通过ABAQUS仿真模拟及大量裂解载荷试验确立了裂解槽几何形状的优化参数, 为显著降低裂解载荷和优化裂解工艺提供了数值参考, 有利于实现发动机缸体加工的快速发展, 从而促进汽车工业实现绿色制造. 相似文献
970.