Development of a miniature double-pass cylindrical mirror electron energy analyzer (DPCMA), and its application to Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS)

We have developed a miniature double-pass cylindrical mirror electron energy analyzer (DPCMA) with an outer diameter of 26 mm. The DPCMA consists of a shield for the electric field, inner and outer cylinders, two pinholes with a diameter of 2.0 mm, and an electron multiplier. By assembling the DPCMA in a coaxially symmetric mirror electron energy analyzer (ASMA) coaxially and confocally we developed an analyzer for Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS). The performance was estimated by measuring the Si-LVV-Auger Si-1s-photoelectron coincidence spectra of clean Si(1 1 1). The electron-energy resolution of the DPCMA was estimated to be E/ΔE = 20. This value is better than that of the miniature single-pass CMA (E/ΔE = 12) that was used in the previous APECS analyzer.     

A microsensor for adenosine-5′-triphosphate pH-sensitive field effect transistors

The sensor for adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is based on H⁺-ATPase immobilized via a polyvinylbutyral resin on a pH-sensitive field effect transistor. A linear relationship was obtained between the initial rate of change of the differential gate output voltage and the logarithm of the ATP concentration over the range 0.2–1.0 mM ATP. The optimum pH was 9.0 at 40°C but pH 7.0 was preferred for routine measurements. Only slight responses were obtained for 1 mM glucose, creatinine or urea. The ATP-sensing system exhibited a response to 1 mM ATP for at least 18 days.     

Reductive Benzylation of Dimetallo Hexaaryl[70]Fullerenes on the Equatorial Region

Dianions of dimetallic hexa(organo)[70]fullerene [(C₅R₅)₂Ru₂C₇₀Ar₆]^2? (R=H, Me; Ar=Ph, 4‐MeC₆H₄, 4‐tBuC₆H₄) react with benzylic bromide to yield the dibenzylated product dimetallic octa(organo)[70]fullerene (C₅R₅)₂Ru₂C₇₀Ar₆(CH₂Ar′)₂ (Ar′=Ph, 4‐MeO₂CC₆H₄), where the benzylic groups are attached to the equatorial belt region of [70]fullerene; this region is generally considered to be rather unreactive. This unusual structure was unambiguously determined by X‐ray crystallography. Theoretical studies on the electronic properties of the monoanionic intermediate indicated that the highest spin density resides on the two carbon atoms in the belt region; one of them then couples with a benzylic radical to yield the octa(organo)fullerene product after ionic substitution of the fullerene anion with a benzylic bromide. Electrochemical analysis of the hexa(organo) and octa(organo) ruthenium complexes suggests that the modification of the belt region does not affect the electronic communication between the two metal centers.     

Modular Synthesis of Polybenzo[b]silole Compounds for Hole‐Blocking Material in Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes

A diversity‐oriented synthetic strategy allowed us to design a series of conjugated molecules containing multiple benzosilole units that can be utilized as efficient hole‐blocking materials for phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Some of these compounds showed a performance surpassing that of the current standard, bathocuproine. The new compounds were easily synthesized in a modular fashion from a previously reported 3‐stannyl benzosilole building unit. Studies on the properties of these compounds in solution and in the solid state indicate that they possess high electron affinity, high ionization potential, and form stable amorphous films that show high electron‐drift mobility. The correlation between their molecular properties and the efficiency of the OLED device performance is also investigated.     

Tight Relative 2- and 4-Designs on Binary Hamming Association Schemes

The concept of relative t-designs for Q-polynomial association schemes is due to Delsarte (Philips Res Rep 32:373–411, 1997). We formulate Fisher type lower bounds as well as the concept of tight relative 2- and 4-designs very explicitly for binary Hamming association schemes H(n, 2). Then we discuss some examples of tight relative 2- and 4-designs on H(n, 2) in this sense, in connection with the work of Woodall (Proc Lond Math Soc (3) 20:669–687, 1970), Enomoto-Ito-Noda (Osaka J Math 16:39–43, 1979), and others. The present paper is expected to be the first of a series of our studies of tight relative t-designs on Q-polynomial association schemes in a more general context.     

Phase transition of layer structure of poly(p-benzenedithiol-co-p-diethynylbenzene) by heat or photon mode

Phase transition of the layer structure of poly(p-benzenedithiol-co-p-diethylbenzene) obtained in solid state polymerization was studied by a thermal treatment or UV irradiation under a nitrogen atmosphere. The peak intensities in the X-ray diffraction diagram of polymers gradually decreased with the thermal treatment time above 55°C. Below 50°C the layer structure of polymers hardly changed. The apparent activation energy for the phase transition was about 15 Kcal/mol [63 KJ/mol] at the initial stage and gradually decreased to a few Kcal/mol [ca. 2 KJ/mol]. UV light from a high-pressure mercury lamp also gradually induced the phase transition from the layer structure to an amorphous one. The pristine polymer possesses phase transition points at 75, 95 and 130°C. The exothermic transition at 75°C can be understood as the thermal destruction of the semistable layer structure. The exothermic transition at 95°C may be correspond to the cis → trans thermal isomerization of the C?°C bond in the polymer main chain. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of the pristine polymer differed from that of the amorphous polymer obtained by the thermal treatment of the pristine polymer. SEM photographs of the pristine polymer showed a particular surface structure, i.e. entangled fibrous material. TEM photographs of the pristine polymer exhibited a bright valley-and-hill structure, whereas that of the amorphous polymer obtained by thermal treatment exhibited a plain surface.     

丝光沸石复合膜的制备及其影响因素

采用在多孔氧化铝支撑体上预涂纳米丝光沸石晶种,再用水热晶化的方法制备丝光沸石复合膜.系统考察了反应母液陈化、碱度、盐以及反应温度等因素对丝光沸石晶体在预涂晶种支撑体上成膜化过程的影响.研究发现,膜表面晶体间空隙随反应母液陈化时间的增加而略有增大;高碱度的反应母液不利于连续丝光沸石复合膜的形成;反应母液中盐的浓度对丝光沸石晶体沿各个轴方向上的生长速率有不同程度的影响,膜表面晶体间空隙随盐浓度的增加而增大;晶化温度过高,容易形成细棒状晶体,导致晶体间空隙增大.