The influence of chemical structure on the antimicrobial activities of thiosemicarbazone-chitosan

We have previously reported the preparation of acetyl and benzoyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives of chitosan and their antimicrobial activities. The purpose of this study was to further assess the relationship between chemical structure and antimicrobial activity of chloracetyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone-chitosan. Ten new chloracetyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone-chitosans were prepared, and their structures were characterized using FT-IR and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested against four species of bacteria and four crop-threatening pathogenic fungi. Different molecular weights and concentrations were evaluated. The antifungal activities of the synthesized compounds were related to the positive polarity of the N₄ atom and the distribution of the electron atmosphere in the C=S group. All chitosan compounds had inhibitory effects when tested with bacteria. The minimum MIC and MBC with Escherichia coli were 7.03 and 56.25 μg mL^?1, respectively.     

Novel hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose catalyzed by montmorillonite to produce kerogen-like hydrochar

The conversion of cellulose to petroleum-like fuel is a very challenging yet attractive route to developing biomass-to-fuel technology. Many attempts have been made in liquefaction, pyrolysis and gasification of cellulose to produce fuels or intermediate chemicals. Previous studies indicate that these processes are tough. Hence, the present work is concerned with the development of new technologies for the conversion of cellulose into materials which are analogies to the precursor of petroleum. Montmorillonite-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization of microcrystalline cellulose for the production of kerogen-like hydrochar under mild conditions was investigated. It was revealed that the hydrothermal carbonization of microcrystalline cellulose alone resulted in hydrochar with type III kerogen-like structure, whereas in the presence of montmorillonite, the hydrothermal carbonization of microcrystalline cellulose yielded a hydrochar-mineral complex, of which the isolated organic fraction was oil-prone type II kerogen-like structure. Results suggested that further improved montmorillonite-aided biomass conversion to more oil-prone kerogen-like solid products could be an alternative efficient route to obtain biofuel and chemicals.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定辣椒制品中酸性橙Ⅱ

建立了辣椒制品中酸性橙Ⅱ的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品用乙腈提取,WAX弱阴离子固相萃取柱净化浓缩,经超高效液相色谱分离,三重四极杆质谱电喷雾电离(ESI),负离子多反应监测模式检测。结果表明,在1~200ng/mL质量浓度范围内,线性相关系数大于0.998;加标回收率为83.2%~113.2%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~7.2%。检出限分别为1.0μg/kg(辣椒油及辣椒酱)和2.0μg/kg(辣椒粉)。方法适用于辣椒制品中酸性橙Ⅱ的测定。     

GC-NCI/MS法分析海水中得克隆类物质

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-负化学源质谱联用法(SPE-GC-NCI/MS)同时测定海水中5种得克隆类物质的方法。采用二氯甲烷进行液液萃取(LLE),萃取液经过硅胶固相萃取小柱净化后,在15 m长的DB-5HT高温毛细管气相色谱柱上分离,NCI/MS以选择离子监测模式检测目标化合物。方法中5种得克隆类物质Dec 602,Dec 603,Syn DP和Anti DP的检出限分别为0.01,0.01,0.08,0.02和0.01 ng/L,平均加标回收率分别为61%,75%,75%,87%和91%,RSD均小于5.1%。采用该法对河北近岸海域16个采样站位海水样品进行分析,所有采样站位均有得克隆类物质检出。     

分子动力学模拟研究[Bmim][PF_6]+水+醇三元体系的微观结构和分子间相互作用(英文)

研究离子液体体系的微观结构和分子间相互作用具有重要意义.本文对1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim][PF6])+水+乙醇和[Bmim][PF6]+水+异丙醇三元体系进行了分子模拟研究,计算了径向分布函数和不同组成的水-醇混合溶剂与离子液体阴阳离子间的相互作用能,并将其分解为库仑相互作用能和Lennard-Jones(LJ)势能.在此基础上,研究了溶液体系的微观结构、分子间相互作用和相行为.结果表明,水倾向于与离子液体阴离子和阳离子极性部分作用,醇倾向于与阴离子和阳离子非极性部分作用;库仑力主导阴离子-溶剂相互作用,色散力主导阳离子-溶剂相互作用,阴阳离子的缔合状态对色散力影响较小,对库仑力的影响非常显著.     

TNT高温热解及含碳团簇形成的反应分子动力学模拟

ReaxFF-MD模拟三硝基甲苯(TNT)高温热解显示增加了伦敦耗散力项(E_lg)的ReaxFF/lg 势函数在含能材料平衡密度计算方面具有优越性. 产物识别分析得出TNT热解的主要产物为NO₂、NO、H₂O、N₂、CO₂、CO、OH以及HONO,且最终产物为H₂O、N₂和CO₂. 使用ReaxFF势函数模拟同样过程进行比较性分析显示,在主要产物和最终产物方面与ReaxFF/lg 作用结果具有一致性,但在化学反应动力学方面表现出一些差异. ortho-NO₂键断裂和C―NO₂→C―ONO重排布-断裂形成NO₂和NO是TNT热解的主要初级反应,且前者产生速率大于后者,NO₂和NO形成后很快参与次级反应并最终形成N₂. 高温热解中形成OH等小分子会促进H₂O的形成. 环上基团相互反应或直接脱落后,主环间C―C键才发生断裂,但温度升高会加快主环断裂,并进一步分解形成CO₂,这也是高温条件下CO₂分布产生波动的一个重要原因. 并且当晶胞中的TNT分子几乎完全分解时,系统的势能开始明显衰减. 与温度相比,密度对热解中最大含碳团簇形成的影响更明显. 并且,模拟结果显示,在TNT完全分解前已经出现含碳中间体的聚合现象. 此项工作表明使用ReaxFF/lg 反应力场研究TNT高温热解可以提供具体的动力学和化学方面的信息,并有助于理解含能材料的爆轰问题并可进行安全评估.     

高活性硫化铅电极的制备及在量子点敏化太阳能电池中的应用

为了提高量子点敏化纳晶薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率,我们通过连续在酸和多硫溶液中处理铅片制备了对多硫电解液具有高电催化活性的硫化铅电极.通过电化学阻抗谱测试评价所制备硫化铅电极的催化活性,从而确定制备高效硫化铅电极的最佳条件.以在最佳条件下制备的硫化铅为对电极、CdSe量子点敏化TiO2纳晶薄膜为工作电极和多硫电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池.光电性能测试结果表明所制备的电极具有良好的催化活性和光电转换性能.与已报导的方法相比,新方法大幅度地减少制备过程所需的时间,但却提高了所制备的硫化铅对电极的催化活性.通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜测试表征了硫化铅的生成过程,探讨了催化活性提高的原因.     

Exceedingly Fast Copper(II)‐Promoted ortho CH Trifluoromethylation of Arenes using TMSCF3

The direct ortho‐trifluoromethylation of arenes, including heteroarenes, with TMSCF₃ has been accomplished by a copper(II)‐promoted C? H activation reaction which completes within 30 minutes. Mechanistic investigations are consistent with the involvement of C? H activation, rather than a simple electrophilic aromatic substitution (S_EAr), as the key step.     

Immuno‐Chemotherapeutic Platinum(IV) Prodrugs of Cisplatin as Multimodal Anticancer Agents

There is growing consensus that the clinical therapeutic efficacy of some chemotherapeutic agents depends on their off‐target immune‐modulating effects. Pt anticancer drugs have previously been identified to be potent immunomodulators of both the innate and the adaptive immune system. Nevertheless, there has been little development in the rational design of Pt‐based chemotherapeutic agents to exploit their immune‐activating capabilities. The FPR1/2 formyl peptide receptors are highly expressed in immune cells, as well as in many metastatic cancers. Herein, we report a rationally designed multimodal Pt^IV prodrug containing a FPR1/2‐targeting peptide that combines chemotherapy with immunotherapy to achieve therapeutic synergy and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.     

Optoelectronic and Self‐assembly Properties of Porphyrin Derivatives with Click Chemistry Modification

A series of functionalized porphyrin molecules containing electron‐rich alkynes, synthesized by means of the Sonogashira coupling reaction were further modified by reacting the ethynyl groups with click reagent through a formal [2+2] click reaction. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the porphyrin derivatives were studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. We show that the optoelectronic properties are affected by the click reagent groups and central metal ions. The functionalized porphyrin molecules show strong charge‐transfer (CT) bands in the visible region (near‐IR region) and potent redox activities. Through a phase‐exchange self‐assembly method, the highly organized morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The functionalized porphyrin molecules represent an interesting set of candidates for optoelectronic device components. The effect of the metal ions or click reagent groups on the self‐assembly properties were also studied by the UV/Vis spectroscopic titration experiments.