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11.
Collective cell migration plays a crucial role in embryonic development, metastasis, and wound healing. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, how the coordination between the cell motility and deformations affects the collective motion of epithelial cells is not fully understood. In this work, we propose a modified self-propelled Voronoi model for epithelial cell migration incorporating the coupling between the self-propulsion of cells and the polarization of the cell elongation. At a high coupling strength,we observe the emergence of backward traveling band structures formed by highly aligned cells, which can be regulated by cell elongations or shape anisotropy. Increasing the cell shape anisotropy, we find that large bands split into multiple small microbands. The latter essentially forms a dynamic zigzag pattern, in which the angle between the polarization direction of the bands and the migration direction switches alternatively between π/4 and-π/4 because the cells are forced to move preferentially in the anterior direction. We also analyzed the disclinations in the cell monolayer, force distribution near the domain boundaries and the shape alignment of the epithelial monolayer during the formation of this dynamic pattern. The present findings may further our understanding of stripe pattern formations in living systems and inspire potential designs for cell sorting. 相似文献
12.
Lignin is the most recalcitrant of the three components of lignocellulosic biomass. The strength and stability of the linkages have long been a great challenge for the degradation and valorization of lignin biomass to obtain bio-fuels and commercial chemicals. Up to now, the selective cleavage of C–O linkages of lignin to afford chemicals contains only C, H and O atoms. Our group has developed a cleavage/crosscoupling strategy for converting 4-O-5 linkage lignin model compounds into high value-a... 相似文献
13.
以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、明胶和MOF(Cu)@biochar为原料,采用简单有效的冷冻干燥方法制备了(CMC/Gelatin/MOF(Cu)@biochar)杂化气凝胶,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术对其进行了表征;研究了MOF(Cu)@biochar含量、pH和不同的盐水溶液对杂化气凝胶溶胀行为的影响;以该气凝胶负载氯化铵,制备了一种新型缓释肥料(SRF),并研究了含2%(wt)SRF的沙性土壤的保水能力;SRF在土壤中第30天的累积释放率为79.4%;肥料在土壤中释放符合非Fickian扩散和阳离子交换的协同作用机理。 相似文献
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为提高煤与瓦斯突出矿井瓦斯抽放效果,建立了3个一级指标、14个二级指标的突出矿井瓦斯抽放限制影响因素评价指标体系,利用AHP和熵权法分别确定指标因子主、客观权重.通过实地调研分析和反馈验证了AHP-熵权法的可行性和正确性,利用加权平均法确定评价模型的综合权重.研究表明:封孔方式、钻孔半径、抽放时间、煤体裂隙发育程度和抽放负压是目前影响煤矿瓦斯抽放效果的主控因素. 相似文献
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Let p ∈ [1, ∞), q ∈ [1, ∞), α∈ R, and s be a non-negative integer. Inspired by the space JNp introduced by John and Nirenberg(1961) and the space B introduced by Bourgain et al.(2015), we introduce a special John-Nirenberg-Campanato space JNcon(p,q,s) over Rn or a given cube of R;with finite side length via congruent subcubes, which are of some amalgam features. The limit space of such spaces as p →∞ is just the Campanato space which coincides with the space BMO(the space of functions with bounded mean oscillations)when α = 0. Moreover, a vanishing subspace of this new space is introduced, and its equivalent characterization is established as well, which is a counterpart of the known characterization for the classical space VMO(the space of functions with vanishing mean oscillations) over Rn or a given cube of Rn with finite side length.Furthermore, some VMO-H1-BMO-type results for this new space are also obtained, which are based on the aforementioned vanishing subspaces and the Hardy-type space defined via congruent cubes in this article. The geometrical properties of both the Euclidean space via its dyadic system and congruent cubes play a key role in the proofs of all these results. 相似文献
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Hao Lu Xiaodong Wang Hang Wang Andong Zhang Xinming Zheng Na Yu Zheng Tang Xinjun Xu Yahui Liu Ya-Nan Chen Zhishan Bo 《中国科学:化学(英文版)》2022,65(3):594-601
Three nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) TTC6,TT-C8T and TT-TC8 were purposefully designed and synthesized.The molecular geometry can be adjusted by the steric hindrance of lateral substituents.According to the DFT calculations,from TTC6 to TT-C8T and TT-TC8,planarity of the molecular backbone is gradually improved,accompanying with the enhancing of intramolecular charge transfer effect.As for TT-TC8,the two phenyl substituents are almost perpendicular to the molecular backbone,which endues the acceptor with good solubility and suppresses it to form over-aggregation.Multidirectional regular molecular orientation and closer molecular stacking are formed in TT-TC8 film.As a result,TT-TC8 based devices afford the highest PCE of 13.13%,which is much higher than that of TTC6 (4.41%) and TT-C8T (10.42%) and among the highest PCE values based on NFREAs. 相似文献
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人体内大部分生物学过程都离不开细胞黏附.细胞黏附行为主要由锚定于细胞膜上的特异性分子(又称受体和配体)的结合动力学关系来决定.已有研究表明,特异性分子的结合关系受外力及细胞膜波动等多种因素影响.然而,特异性分子刚度对细胞膜锚定受体 配体结合关系的影响机制仍不清楚.近期关于新冠病毒强传染力的研究表明,特异性黏附分子刚度对病毒与细胞结合具有重要影响.该文通过建立生物膜黏附的粗粒度模型,借助分子模拟和理论分析来研究分子刚度在黏附中的作用.结果表明,始终存在一个最佳膜间距及最佳分子刚度值,使得黏附分子亲和力和结合动力学参数达到最大值.这项研究不仅能加深人们对细胞黏附的认知,还有助于指导药物设计、疫苗研发等. 相似文献