金字塔形高层框架结构的自振频率

根据某一金字塔型高层建筑结构的初步设计,将该结构简化为一个二维刚-柔组合结构体系,基于Hamilton原理,建立了该简化结构体系动力响应分析的边界值问题.在此基础上,利用变量分离,给出了其自振频率的特征方程,通过数值计算,考察了斜向剪力墙筒体刚度、中间加强层转动刚度和位置、结构顶部刚性层质量以及金字塔型结构倾角等对自振频率的影响,结果表明:斜向剪力墙筒体抗弯刚度对自振频率有显著的影响,自振频率随剪力墙筒体抗弯刚度的增加而增加;尽管剪力墙筒体发生横向弯曲与轴向拉伸的耦合变形,但其振形的弯曲变形远大于其轴向变形;加强层抗弯刚度对自振频率的影响较小,但其位置对第三自振频率的影响较为明显.同时,斜向剪力墙筒体倾角对自振频率的影响较为复杂.     

Bending of simply-supported circular timber beam strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer简

The bending behavior of the circular cross-section timber beam strengthened with a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet is investigated. The tight bonding is on the interface between the surface of a timber beam and the reinforcement layer of the FRP sheet. An analytical expression for the bending moment-curvature relation is presented, and its failure modes are analyzed. The governing equation for nonlinear small deflection of the FRP-strengthened circular timber beam is established, and the corresponding numerical method is given. The bending deformation of the simply-supported circular timber beam strengthened with the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet subject to a uniform load is studied numerically. The influence of the angle and thickness of the CFRP layer as well as the timber strength on the bending deflection of the FRP-strengthened circular timber beam is examined. It is revealed that, with the increases of the thickness and angle, the deflection of the CFRP-strengthened circular timber beam is decreased, and its carrying capacity and ductility are increased. However, when the angle of the layer reaches a certain value, the deflection will no longer decrease with the increase of the angle. At the same time, the nonlinear bending moment-curvature relation of the CFRP-strengthened circular timber beam is simplified as an approximate bilinear constitutive model. The approximate deflections of the simply-supported circular timber beam strengthened with the CFRP sheet are obtained. The results are compared with the linearly elastic bending and nonlinear bending models, showing that the mid-span deflections of a CFRP-strengthened circular timber beam with the approximate bilinear constitutive model are greater than those with the nonlinear constitutive model. The results of its stiffness analysis are on the safe side.     

基础力学课程教材及教学体系分析(一)——国内基础力学教材基本情况简述

对力学基础教材,着重在理论力学与材料力学教材与教学体系等进行了分析研究。对国内力学课程与教材建设历史概况、国内力学课程教材建设的成绩与问题、国内力学教材使用情况、引进的国外基础力学原版教材情况、国外理论力学教材体系、国外材料力学教材体系、国外力学相关课程网络资源及教学技术应用与质量评价等多方面进行了阐述。最后,通过对国外教材的研究,发现其所具有的诸多特点与特色,可为国内力学基础课程教材和课程改革提供思路和方向。本文为之一,主要阐述国内基础力学教材基本情况等内容。     

端承粘弹性桩纵向振动的轴对称解析解

将桩和土体视为粘弹性介质,在频率域求得了桩轴对称纵向振动时动力响应的解析解,进而得到桩头复刚度的解析表达式.通过数值计算,给出了桩头动刚度因子和等效阻尼随激励频率的响应,考察了土层粘性、桩长径比、桩土模量比、桩泊松比和粘性等参数对桩头刚度因子和等效阻尼的影响.研究表明:由于考虑了桩的径向变形效应以及土层对桩的径向力作用...     

基于分数导数本构的粘弹性土层—隧洞衬砌系统的稳态动力响应

将混凝土衬砌材料视为具有分数导数本构的粘弹性体,在频率域研究了深埋圆形隧洞粘弹性土的稳态动力响应。利用衬砌的内边界条件和混凝土衬砌与土体界面处的连续性条件,得到了粘弹性土体和衬砌稳态振动的应力和位移解析解。进行了隧洞衬砌厚度、土体阻尼比、本构阶数、材料参数比等对土体的位移和应力幅值影响的算例分析,结果表明:材料参数比对系统动力特性有较大影响,随着材料参数比的增加,位移和应力幅值减小;随着土体的阻尼比、衬砌厚度的增加,位移和应力幅值减小;当材料参数比Tσ/Tε=3时,随着分数导数阶数增大,响应幅值减小。     

纤维增强聚合物布加固简支木柱的稳定性

考虑加固层中纤维增强聚合物布(FRP布)拉伸与压缩时的双模量性质,基于考虑FRP加固木柱弯曲变形二阶效应的控制方程,研究了轴向压力作用下FRP布加固简支木柱中间部分的稳定性问题,计算了临界载荷的精确值,给出了基于能量法的临界载荷近似表达式,并考察了近似临界载荷与精确临界荷载的误差.数值结果表明:随着FRP布加固层厚度和长度的增加,FRP布加固简支木柱的临界载荷增加;当FRP布加固层长度比例δ=0.7～1.0时,FRP布加固木柱的临界荷载变化较小;而当加固层长度比例δ＜0.7时,增加比例δ可显著提高FRP布加固木柱的临界载荷.因此,为节省FRP材料,并得到较好的加固效应,应重点加固木柱的中间部位.另外,对于工程中的FRP布加固木柱,近似临界载荷与精确临界荷载的误差小于5％,所得近似临界载荷表达式具有一定的工程实用价值.     

饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁的拟静力弯曲

在经典单相Timoshenko梁变形和孔隙流体仅沿多孔梁轴向运动的假定下,基于不可压饱和多孔介质的三维理论,本文首先建立了横观各向同性饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁拟静力弯曲的一维数学模型,并给出了相应的边界条件。其次,利用Laplace变换及其数值逆变换,分析了端部不同渗透条件下,饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁在端部梯载荷作用下的拟静力响应,给出了饱和多孔Timoshenko悬臂梁弯曲时挠度、弯矩以及孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应曲线,并与饱和多孔Euler-Bernoulli悬臂梁的响应进行了比较,考察了梁长细比对弯曲的影响。数值结果表明：固相骨架与孔隙流体的相互作用具有粘性效应,梁弯曲的拟静态挠度具有蠕变行为,端部渗透条件对梁的弯曲响应有显著的影响,并且,饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko悬臂梁的拟静态响应亦存在Mandel-Cryer现象。     

液化土侧向扩展对具有轴向力单桩的变形影响

将地震液化场地土层分为表层的非液化土层,中部的液化土层以及底部的基础层,利用表层的非液化土层的土压力和液化土层及基层的Winkler模型,采用拟静力分析方法,建立了考虑上部结构对桩基产生的轴力和液化土侧向扩展共同作用下单桩水平变形的简单Euler梁模型,给出了问题的解析封闭解.计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,说明了封闭解的合理性.在此基础上,分析了各种参数对桩基变形响应的影响,结果表明:相比于液化土层的侧向扩展位移,桩的抗弯刚度、液化土层刚度以及轴力等参数对桩基力学性能具有较大影响,这些结果可以为工程设计提供一定的参考依据.     

Axisymmetrical analytical solution for vertical vibration of end-bearing pile in saturated viscoelastic soil layer

Based on elasticity and the theory of saturated porous media, and regarding the pile and the soil as a single phase elastic and a saturated viscoelastic media, respectively, the dynamical behavior of vertical vibration of an end-bearing pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer is investigated in the frequency domain using the Helmholtz decomposition and variable separation method. The axisymmetrical analytical solutions for vertical vibrations of the pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer are obtained, and the analytical expression of the dynamical complex stiffness of the pile top is presented. Responses of dynamic stiffness factor and equivalent damping of pile top with respect to the frequency are shown in figures using a numerical method. Effects of the saturated soil parameters, modulus ratio of the pile to soil, slenderness ratio of pile and pile＇s Poisson ratio, etc. on the stiffness factor and damping are examined. It is shown that, due to the effect of the transversal deformation of the pile and the radial force of the saturated viscoelastic soil acting on the pile, the dynamic stiffness factor and the damping derived from the axisymmetrical solution are greatly different from those derived from the classical Euler-Bernoulli rod model, especially at some specific excitation frequencies. Therefore, there are limitations on applicability of the Euler-Bernoulli rod model in analyzing verticai vibration of the pile. More accurate analysis should be based on a three-dimensional model.     

电荷分离型染料在固态染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

染料敏化太阳能电池中的染料起到吸收光能和传导光生电子的作用,而染料的电荷分离状态能有效提高电子注入效率,抑制电荷复合,进而提高器件性能。本文以电荷分离(CS)型染料为敏化剂,采用spiro-OMeTAD为空穴传输材料制备了全固态染料敏化太阳能电池,分析了TiO_2光阳极膜厚的影响,当TiO_2光阳极膜厚为1. 2μm时,器件性能最优;探讨了染料结构对器件性能的影响,其中染料MTPABT-Pyc的器件性能最好,其光电流和效率分别为7. 38mA/cm~2和3. 06%。相比于电荷转移(CT)型染料MTPAcc,MTPABTPyc具有相近的捕光能力,但是其效率比MTPAcc (2. 64%)提高了16%。研究结果表明,CS型染料的电荷分离态对电荷复合的抑制和空穴的传输具有明显的优势。