程序升温焙烧技术研究水滑石热分解动力学

催化剂前体一般为硝酸盐、碳酸盐、草酸盐和水滑石等易热分解的化合物,经过干燥、高温焙烧以及还原、活化处理后,得到催化剂的活性组分。焙烧条件的选择是催化剂制备过程中的重要环节,一般采用ＴＧＤＴＡ分析来确定［１］。高温下有些载体分子内失水以及含结晶水的前体,在不同温度下水的逐步脱除会使ＴＧＤＴＡ曲线变得复杂,影响对这些化合物本身热分解动力学的计算。程序升温焙烧（ＴＰＣ）技术是一种比较简易、方便的实验方法［２］,可以灵敏、直观地研究催化剂前驱体的热分解过程并进行动力学计算。水滑石（ｈｙｄｒｏｔａｌｃ…     

平显视差测量系统的设计与实现

 针对平视显示器调试过程中视差检测主观性大,不能给出精确量的问题。基于机器视觉,研制了一套平视显示器视差检测装置。装置采用传统光学系统,利用CCD光电耦合器件手动调节,将大视场平行光管十字分划成像,对图像做处理,计算给出视差值。用装置和摆头法测试结果进行比较,结果表明该测试系统提高了平视显示器视差检测的精确度,整个系统的测量精度为28″。     

超细层状材料A2La2Ti3O10(A=Na,K) 的低温合成及表征

Ultrafine A₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ (A=K, Na) powders with laminar structure were successfully synthesized by citric acid sol-gel method using ANO₃(A=K, Na)、La(NO₃)₃、Ti(OBu)₄ and citric acid as starting precursors. The crystalline phase of A₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ can be obtained by thermal decomposition of citrate complex precursors at a relatively low temperature of 800 ℃ (600 ℃ for A=Na), about 300 ℃(500 ℃ for A=Na) lower than that of conventional solid state reaction process. The properties of the citrate precursors and the calcined powders were characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal-gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. Results show that the average size of A₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ powders obtained by citric acid sol-gel route was reduced to 200 nm×250 nm and the specific surface area was up to 19 m²·g^-1. At the same time, the product was with more regular morphological characteristics. The synthesis process and the formation of A₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ were also discussed. The obtained A₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ was found to be transformed from A₂La₂Ti₃O_9.5 during the formation process.     

壳聚糖/凹凸棒土固定联吡啶钌修饰电极的电化学发光行为

以壳聚糖/凹凸棒土用离子交换将联吡啶钉成功地固定于玻碳电极表面.研究了固定化钉联吡啶的电化学以及电化学发光性质.电化学研究表明,被固定的联吡啶钉保持良好的电化学活性,壳聚糖/凹凸棒土固定Ru(bpy)32 的循环伏安曲线在1 187 mV和1 043 mV出现一对氧化还原峰.研究了固定化联吡啶钌的电化学发光行为,此修饰电极对草酸电化学发光响应较快.     

纳米CuO的形貌控制合成及其性能研究

The CuO nanocrystals were prepared by quick-precipitation and hydrolysis method respectively, using Cu(Ac)₂ and NaOH as starting materials. The as-prepared CuO nanocrystals were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy and BET. The catalysis of CuO nanocrystals of different morphologies on ammonium perchlorate decomposition was investigated by thermal analysis. Results indicated the variation in temperature for NaOH addition played an important role in the shape of the CuO nanocrystals in precipitation method. Well-dispersed spherical CuO nanocrystals with an average size of 6 nm could be obtained when NaOH was added at 100 ℃ and spindle-shaped CuO nanocrystals exceeding 100 nm in diameter were obtained when NaOH was added at room temperature. Needle-shaped CuO nanocrystals could be prepared by the hydrolysis method, and the presence of small amounts of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) could make needle-shaped CuO well dispersed. The catalytic activity of CuO nanocrystals of different morphologies on ammonium perchlorate decomposition was high. The 2% of spherical CuO nanocrystals could make higher decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate decreased to 102 ℃. The exothermic quantity of decomposition was from 590 J·g^-1 up to 1 420 J·g^-1.     

基于代数迭代的Mojette变换层析重建算法

提出了一种基于代数迭代的Mojette变换层析重建算法。在确定最佳投影角度的基础上,结合传统层析技术中的乘性代数迭代算法进行重建。利用该算法对轴对称火焰进行了层析重建。数值模拟结果表明,与基于角的重建算法相比,该算法在噪声较大情况下的层析重建质量更好。     

乙苯脱氢与逆水煤气变换偶合反应的铁/活性炭催化剂研究

 研究了活性炭负载的Fe催化剂在乙苯脱氢与逆水煤气变换偶合反应中的催化活性,考察了催化剂中的铁物相,添加Li,Na和K等碱金属以及CO2对催化活性的影响. 实验表明, Fe3O4可能是偶合反应的活性相. 在CO2气氛中,适当还原度的、经碱金属元素调变后的Fe/AC的催化活性较好,苯乙烯的选择性明显提高. 以NH3和CO2为探针分子,运用微分吸附量热技术表征了催化剂的表面酸碱性质. 结果表明,活性炭表面具有较多的弱酸位. 担载铁后,NH3的起始吸附热为96 kJ/mol, 吸附饱和覆盖度为112 μmol/g, 说明Fe/AC表面具有酸性; CO2的起始吸附热为72 kJ/mol, 吸附饱和覆盖度为7 μmol/g, 表明催化剂表面也有少量的碱位. 碱金属元素的加入减弱了Fe/AC催化剂表面上的酸强度,同时产生了一定量的碱性位,因而显著提高了苯乙烯的选择性. CO2的作用是及时除去脱氢反应产生的H2, 促进乙苯脱氢生成苯乙烯,并抑制乙苯的加氢裂解.