向日葵盘低酯化果胶对水溶液中镉离子的吸附作用

本文研究了向日葵盘中的天然低酯化果胶对水溶液中镉离子(Cd²⁺)的吸附作用,考察了果胶添加量、果胶溶液的pH值、温度、吸附时间、共存离子对Cd²⁺吸附量和去除率的影响。随果胶添加量的增加,Cd²⁺的去除率从2.25%逐渐升高至14.60%,而吸附量则先从18.00mg/g增加至20.53mg/g,后逐渐降低至5.84mg/g;随果胶溶液pH值的升高,吸附量和去除率先分别增加至20.70mg/g和15.53%,后逐渐降低;随温度的升高,吸附量和去除率分别增加至20.80mg/g和15.60%后几乎不变;反应10min吸附量和去除率即可达到最大,分别为19.81mg/g和14.75%。此外,溶液中的Ca²⁺也会影响果胶的吸附作用,当Ca²⁺与Cd²⁺的质量比为2时,吸附量和去除率降低了36.70%。确定了向日葵盘果胶吸附Cd²⁺的最佳条件：当溶液中Cd²⁺的浓度为8.0mg/L时,添加等体积80mg/L的pH值为8....     

天然高分子壳聚糖作为吸附剂的吸附特性研究

甲壳素经化学改性制得的壳聚糖吸附Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ca²⁺、Rb⁺、Cs⁺、Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺等离子的研究已有报道^[1],但吸附Pd²⁺等贵金属离子的研究尚不多见.本文报道了壳聚糖及其交联产物的造粒方法,并测定了该糖吸附Hg²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ag⁺、Pd²⁺等离子的特性.结果表明,化学交联后的颗粒(作吸附剂)在酸性条件下仍保持相当好的刚性,对Pd²⁺离子的吸附容量较大,在Pd²⁺、Cu²⁺共存时可选择性吸附Pd²⁺.     

罗丹明类钯离子荧光分子探针

将烯丙基结构引入到罗丹明螺环中, 合成了荧光增强型钯离子探针RPd4. RPd4表现出对Pd²⁺的专一选择性和对其它阳离子良好的抗干扰能力. 探针荧光强度随着Pd²⁺的加入逐渐增强, 并且在微摩尔级呈现良好的线性关系, 通过拟合计算得到对Pd²⁺的检出限为0.51 μmol/L. RPd4具有较低的pK_a值(3.81±0.02), 说明该探针可以在近中性pH范围内对Pd²⁺进行选择性识别. 该探针还可以提供比色及荧光两种方式对Pd²⁺进行可视化检测.     

海带吸附Ag(Ⅰ)的物理化学特性研究

以海带(Laminaria japonica)干粉为吸附剂,研究了海带吸附Ag+的物理化学特性.结果表明海带对Ag+有很强的吸附能力,最大理论吸附量可达273mg/g干重.该吸附在20～40℃范围内是一个不依赖于温度的快速过程;对溶液的pH值有较宽的适应范围;海带浓度在0.5～4.0mg/L范围内,海带对Ag+的吸附量与海带粉的浓度成反比;起始Ag+浓度在10～800mg/L的范围内,海带对Ag+的吸附量与起始Ag+浓度成正比.吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型.TEM观察结果表明,海带能够将Ag+还原成Ag0.海带可用于从含Ag+的强酸废液中回收Ag+,当废液中Ag+浓度为121.9mg/L时,其回收率可达98.3%.     

米曲霉菌体吸附没食子酸的机制研究

用米曲霉CGMCC5992活菌体作为生物吸附剂,吸附含没食子酸的废水。研究了菌体量、初始pH值、时间、起始浓度对吸附效果的影响。通过吸附动力学、热力学模型拟合,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)分析,初步探讨其吸附机理。结果表明,在菌体量8g/L,初始pH=3,起始浓度100mg/L,吸附6h条件下,去除率达到93.40%。米曲霉对没食子酸的吸附符合Langmuir模型,其最大吸附量可达20.24mg/g。吸附动力学可用准二级动力学方程描述。SEM显示,吸附后,米曲霉菌丝球形态以及菌体表面结构发生了改变。     

交联黄原酸壳聚糖对铅离子的吸附研究

以壳聚糖为原料,通过交联和黄原酸化反应制备出交联黄原酸壳聚糖,采用FT-IR和XRD表征了其结构,并探讨壳聚糖及交联黄原酸壳聚糖对Pb2+的吸附性能。研究了初始溶液pH值、温度以及吸附时间等因素对Pb2+吸附量的影响。结果表明,在Pb2+起始浓度0.01 M,起始溶液pH=5,室温25℃吸附2h条件下,壳聚糖和交联黄原酸壳聚糖对铅离子的吸附量分别为126.8 mg/g和238.9 mg/g,交联黄原酸壳聚糖吸附能力为壳聚糖的1.89倍。     

Fe3O4-GO-PSC磁性复合材料对水体重金属Pb2+的吸附研究

致力于探究绿色环保的水体重金属污染处理方法,本文以生物废弃材料花生壳作为原料,添加了具有丰富官能团和较大表面积的氧化石墨烯,利用共沉淀法制备出了一种新型的Fe₃O₄-GO-PSC磁性复合材料。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜及比表面分析仪等辅助分析技术,对Fe₃O₄-GO-PSC的结构进行了表征。探究了不同条件下复合材料对Pb²⁺的吸附效果并初探了其吸附机理。实验发现：当pH=5,反应时间为30 min、温度为40℃以及Pb²⁺浓度为40 mg/L时去除效果最佳,吸附率达到97.56%。水体共存离子的种类和浓度均会对Pb²⁺的吸附造成不同程度的影响。吸附动力学与准二级动力学方程拟合一致,吸附热力学与Langmuir吸附模型一致,最大吸附量为140.25 mg/g。该研究所开发的Fe₃O₄-GO-PSC吸附剂对Pb²⁺的去除能力明显优于商业AC吸附剂...     

SiO2@松香基阳离子交换树脂对水中微量Cd吸附

以硅胶为核,马来海松酸丙烯酸乙二醇酯和甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,采用涂覆悬浮聚合法合成了核壳型SiO₂@松香基阳离子交换树脂(SiO₂@RCER),研究了其对水中微量Cd²⁺的静态吸附性能。结果表明,在Cd²⁺溶液浓度为0.5 mg·L^-1,pH=6.0,温度为303 K,吸附剂用量为10 g·L^-1时,Cd²⁺去除率可达到100%;SiO₂@RCER对Cd²⁺的吸附符合准二级动力学方程以及Langmuir吸附等温线,表明吸附过程为单分子层化学吸附。吸附前后材料的XPS图谱表明:SiO₂@RCER对Cd²⁺吸附主要涉及Na⁺以及溶液中的Cd²⁺的阳离子交换。该吸附剂在对Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺浓度超标的矿区废水吸附处理后,高毒重金属浓度均达到国家生活饮用水水源水质一级标准(CJ3020-93),其他离子浓度也有所降低。     

PEI功能化秸秆生物炭对水中Cr 6+的吸附性能

选取玉米秸秆为原料, 经过缺氧炭化制备玉米秸秆生物炭, 并以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)负载于生物炭表面, 制备PEI功能化秸秆生物炭, 研究了其对水中Cr ⁶⁺的吸附性能和机理. 结果表明, 在吸附剂添加量相等条件下, PEI碱性生物炭(PBC)对Cr ⁶⁺的吸附效率明显高于PEI酸性生物炭(HBC)和原始生物炭(CBC). PBC对水中Cr ⁶⁺的最大吸附量为386.3 mg/g, 吸附平衡时间为300 min; 当pH=2.0左右时, 对Cr ⁶⁺的吸附效率最大达到95.94%. 因此, PBC可作为一种高效去除水中Cr ⁶⁺的吸附剂.     

2-[3-氰基呋喃-2(5H)-亚基]丙二腈衍生物的合成及其对Pd2+的识别

通过两步反应合成了一种2-(3-氰基呋喃-2(5H)-亚甲基)丙二腈衍生物TCF-Pyn,该化合物在MeCN/磷酸缓冲容溶液(PBS)(V∶V=2∶8,PBS 2×10^-2 mol/L,pH=7.4)混合溶液中能高选择性荧光"OFF-ON"识别Pd²⁺,发射波长达到近红外区(653 nm).该探针具有较好的抗干扰能力、较宽的pH适用范围(3~8)和较低的检测限(6.92μmol/L).应用研究表明,TCF-Pyn能检测真实水样中的Pd²⁺,并可对活细胞中的Pd²⁺进行荧光成像.     

一步共沉积法制备ZSM-5/PANI/PSS电活性膜及其电控选择性分离重金属Pb2+的动力学特性

本文采用双脉冲一步共沉积法制备了ZSM-5/聚苯胺/聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(ZSM-5/PANI/PSS)电活性膜,通过FT-IR、XRD和SEM对ZSM-5/PANI/PSS电活性膜进行了表征. 由水热法合成纳米级ZSM-5颗粒,经超声处理将ZSM-5分散,有利于合成均匀的ZSM-5/PANI/PSS电活性膜. 实验结果表明该电活性膜对Pb²⁺具有优良的选择分离性能,在10 mg﹒L^-1的Pb²⁺溶液中电控离子交换法对Pb²⁺的去除率是传统离子交换法的2.3倍,且前者的平衡吸附量是后者的2.5倍. 吸附过程满足Langmuir等温吸附方程,ZSM-5/PANI/PSS电活性膜对Pb²⁺的交换量高达235 mg·g^-1. 吸附过程为准一级动力学吸附,电控离子交换过程的准一级吸附速率常数(0.0227 g·mg^-1·min^-1)明显高于传统离子交换(0.0117 g·mg^-1·min^-1). 该电活性膜在电控离子交换处理废水领域具有很好的应用前景.     

新型磁性复合生物吸附剂吸附铀的实验研究

为了提升含铀废水的净化效果,制备一种新型磁性复合生物吸附剂,用于铀离子的吸附实验研究,运用BET吸附理论、红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对吸附剂进行表征,对吸附动力学进行研究.实验结果表明,Fe3 O4和啤酒酵母粉质量比为1:2,溶液pH值为5、吸附剂用量为0.05 g、初始浓度...     

聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合物对Pb2+的吸附性能

用制备的聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合吸附剂,研究了溶液pH值、吸附时间和Pb2+溶液初始浓度等因素对重金属Pb2+的吸附性能,探讨了复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附机理。结果表明,在pH值为6.0、吸附时间2 h、Pb2+溶液初始浓度0.01 mol/L和吸附剂用量0.10 g的条件下,复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附量达到364.05 mg/g,平衡所需的时间为15 min。与蒙脱土相比,复合吸附剂具有更高的吸附容量和更快的吸附速率。     

发酵废渣黑根霉菌对Pb^2＋的吸附作用

本文研究了发酵废渣黑根霉菌对Ｐｂ＾２＋的吸附作用，结果表明，发酵废渣黑根霉菌对Ｐｂ＾２＋有较好的吸附能力，在ｐＨ３～６．５范围内，吸附能力最强。用海藻酸钠将粉末状黑根霉菌包埋成形后，机械性能较好，流速对动态吸附有很大影响，当流速为０．２７５ＢＶ／ｍｉｎ时，吸附率达８３．６％，饱和吸附量可达４９ｍｇ／ｇ。用２０％ＣａＣｌ２溶液可以洗脱和再生。本文研究结果为发酵废渣黑根霉菌的工业应用提供了基础数据。     

Adsorption isotherm for uranyl biosorption by Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass

Biosorption of uranyl ions from aqueous solution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied in a batch system. The influence of contact time, initial pH, temperature and initial concentration was investigated. The optimal conditions were found to be 3.5?h of contact time and pH?=?4.5. Temperature had no significant effect on adsorption. The uptake of uranyl ions was relatively fast and 85?% of the sorption was completed within 10?min. The experimental data were well fitted with Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model. According to this kinetic model, the sorption capacity and the rate constant were 0.455?mmol UO₂ ²⁺/g dry biomass and 1.89?g?mmol^?1?min^?1, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm indicated high affinity and capacity of the adsorbent for uranyl biosorption with the maximum loading of 0.477?mmol UO₂ ²⁺/g dry weight.     

二氧化钍纳米球在碳酸铀酰铵溶液中对铀的吸附性能

二氧化钍(ThO_2)是一种锕系金属氧化物,作为吸附剂是其重要的应用方向之一,但其应用范围还较为有限,有待进一步拓宽。我们研究了水热法合成的多晶ThO_2纳米球在碳酸铀酰铵((NH_4)_4[UO_2(CO_3)_3])溶液中对铀的吸附性能。结果表明,在含有2 mmol/L NH_4HCO_3和20 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷-HCl的(NH_4)_4[UO_2(CO_3)_3]溶液(pH=8.45)中,ThO_2纳米球对铀的吸附符合准二级动力学吸附模型,在初始铀浓度为20 mg/L时,ThO_2纳米球对铀的吸附容量可以达到6.52 mg/g;ThO_2纳米球对铀的等温吸附符合Freundlich模型。吸附铀后的ThO_2纳米球可通过低浓度的盐酸进行高效洗脱。机理研究表明,在此实验条件下,ThO_2纳米球带负电荷,通过阳离子吸附机理吸附UO_2~(2+),容易受到Ca~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)等阳离子的竞争而出现吸附容量下降的情况。本文的研究工作对金属氧化物从弱碱性及中性放射性废液和海水中提取铀具有参考价值。     

Enhancement of uranium(VI) biosorption by chemically modified marine-derived mangrove endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. #ZZF51

Fusarium sp. #ZZF51, mangrove endophytic fungus originated from South China Sea coast, was chemically modified by formaldehyde, methanol and acetic acid to enhance its affinity of uranium(VI) from waste water. The influencing factors about uranium(VI) adsorption such as contact time, solution pH, the ratio of solid/liquid (S/L) and initial uranium(VI) concentration were investigated, and the suitable adsorption isotherm and kinetic models were determined. In addition, the biosorption mechanism was also discussed by FTIR analysis. Experimental results show that the maximum biosorption capacity of formaldehyde-treated biomass for uranium(VI) at the optimized condition of pH 6.0, S/L 0.6 and equilibrium time 90 min is 318.04 mg g^?1, and those of methanol-treated and HAc-treated biomass are 311.95 and 351.67 mg g^?1 at the same pH and S/L values but different equilibrium time of 60 and 90 min, respectively. Thus the maximum biosorption capacity of the three kind of modified biomass have greatly surpassed that of the raw biomass (21.42 mg g^?1). The study of kinetic exhibits a high level of compliance with the Lagergren’s pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Langumir and Freundlich models have proved to be well able to explain the sorption equilibrium with the satisfactory correlation coefficients higher than 0.96. FTIR analysis reveals that the carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl groups on the cell wall of Fusarium sp. #ZZF51 play an important role in uranium(VI) biosorption process.     

Characterization and sorption properties of Aspergillus niger waste biomass

The structure and the biosorption properties of fungal biomass of Aspergillus niger originated from citric acid fermentation industry was investigated. This waste biomass, produced in high quantity in carefully controlled industrial processes, has certain favourable characteristics that may be improved for its usefulness. In environmental chemistry, it is known for the removal of heavy metals cations. In this work, different alkaline treatments (1M NaOH/20°C/24 h and 10M NaOH/107°C/6 h) were used to evaluate the dependence of sorption properties of biomass on the cell wall composition. The biosorption was studied by the batch method, with the biomass concentration of 1 g/l, at pH 6. The adsorption of lead was more effective than that of cadmium. The biosorption capacity was evaluated using the biosorption isotherm derived from the equilibrium data. At pH 6, the maximmum lead biosorption capacity estimated with the Langmuir model was 93 mg/g dry biomass.