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离子液体独特的溶剂性能使它在合成和催化领域得到了广泛的应用。然而,离子液体的经济问题和可能的环境友好性问题使得人们逐渐把目光投向了离子液体自身的催化性能。人们通过对离子液体结构的修饰设计出了各种具有特定催化性能的功能化离子液体。近年来功能化离子液体在催化碳-杂键形成反应方面有了相当多的应用。本文以形成的碳-杂原子键类型为主线,综述了功能化离子液体在催化碳-杂键形成反应方面的最新研究进展,涉及到了酸性离子液体、碱性离子液体、金属有机功能化离子液体、酸碱双功能离子液体、手性离子液体等多种类型的功能化离子液体。 相似文献
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本文综述了离子液体在气相色谱固定相中的发展过程。为提高固定相的使用温度、选择性和色谱柱效,离子液体先后经历多次制备方法的改善,本文主要介绍了小分子离子液体、大体积离子液体、柱内烯基咪唑聚合离子液体、物理混配离子液体和化学键合离子液体等非手性离子液体的合成进展;同时综述了由手性氨基酸、手性胺和键合环糊精合成的手性离子液体的研究进展;并比较各种离子液体用作色谱固定相时的稳定性及选择性差异。另外,对离子液体在二维气相色谱和快速气相色谱中的应用扩展作了总结,并展望离子液体作为新型分离材料在气相色谱固定相中的研究和应用前景。 相似文献
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《化学进展》2010,(Z1)
离子液体的快速发展产生了许多具有应用价值的新型离子液体。目前,离子液体作为绿色溶剂已广泛应用于合成、催化和分离等许多领域用以替代传统有机溶剂。由于离子液体具有低熔点、低蒸气压、极性可调和安全稳定等诸多特性,可作为一种潜在的高效、通用型润滑剂,已经引起各国科学家的关注。本文从离子液体作为常规润滑剂、添加其他添加剂的离子液体作为润滑剂、离子液体作为常规润滑材料的添加剂以及离子液体在微纳机电系统中的润滑应用等4个方面综述了近几年离子液体在润滑摩擦方面的研究进展,分析和探讨了离子液体润滑剂在摩擦领域存在的问题,提出了离子液体润滑剂在摩擦领域的研究思路并展望了其应用前景。 相似文献
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离子液体作为一种新型绿色环保有机化合物,因具有饱和蒸气压低、溶解性良好以及电导率高等优异性质,而在化学化工领域中得到了较为广泛的应用,并越来越受到人们的关注。该文综述了近年来离子色谱在离子液体阴阳离子分析中的应用,对离子色谱法分析离子液体阳离子、离子液体阴离子以及同时分析离子液体阴阳离子三方面进行讨论,并对离子色谱法分析离子液体的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1989,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988. 相似文献
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Mustafa R. Ibrahim Zacharia A. Fataftah Paul von Ragu Schleyer Peter D. Stout 《Journal of computational chemistry》1987,8(8):1131-1138
Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases. 相似文献
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由于石化行业的生产需要,其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性,经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识,根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集,实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展,并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。 相似文献
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V. I. Bol'shakova L. I. Demenkova É. N. Shmidt V. A. Pentegova 《Chemistry of Natural Compounds》1988,24(6):691-694
The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae. 相似文献