CTAB-己醇-辛烷体系分离纯化醇脱氢酶的反萃研究

本文报道了用反胶束体系萃取醇脱氢酶(ADH)的研究结果。在此萃取体系中,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为表面活性剂,辛烷和己醇作为溶剂和助溶剂。考察了表面活性剂及助溶剂浓度,水相pH值对ADH萃取的影响。详细讨论了离子强度、异丙醇浓度和振荡时间对ADH反萃的影响。确定了最佳反向萃取条件。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠-异辛烷-正辛醇反胶束萃取苦参生物碱的研究

利用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与溶剂异辛烷和助溶剂正辛醇形成反胶束体系,用于苦参生物碱的萃取分离。研究了pH值、表面活性剂浓度、增溶水量W0、盐种类及浓度等因素对萃取的影响。结果表明:SDBS-异辛烷-正辛醇反胶束体系对苦参生物碱具有良好的选择性和较高萃取率,在pH 5.0,增溶水量W0 25,0.05 mol/L SDBS,0.05 mol/L KCl,室温,萃取时间5 min,反萃取时间20 min的最佳萃取条件下,氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱、苦参碱、槐果碱5种生物碱及总生物碱的萃取率和RSD分别在74.1%～87.2%和0.63%～3.0%之间。本方法选择性高,操作简便。     

OP微乳液的制备及其对盐酸介质中钛的萃取性能研究

研究了以OP(辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚)为表面活性剂、正己醇为助表面活性剂、磺化煤油为溶剂的W/O型微乳状液的形成及对盐酸介质中钛的萃取,确定了制乳、萃取和破乳的适宜条件。在此条件下,盐酸介质中的钛可较完全地从水相迁移到微乳相中,经升温破乳又从有机相中释放出来。通过微乳萃取过程,可实现盐酸介质中钛的分离和富集。     

反胶团相转移法提取牛血清白蛋白

介绍了在利用CTAB／正辛醇：三氯甲烷(4：1V／V)反胶团体系对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)进行相转移中,通过对萃取体系水相的pH值、离子强度、两液相的体积比、小分子糖(葡萄糖、蔗糖)及助表面活性剂(直链醇分子)等因素的改变,探讨了BSA在阳离子表面活性剂体系的萃取机理;研究结果表明选择合适的条件提取BSA时,萃取率可达到97％,反萃率达到了85％;找到实现牛血清白蛋白分离提纯的有效方法。     

醇脱氢酶在反胶束溶液中的酶学性质研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CATB)-辛烷-戊醇反胶束体系对醇脱氢酶(ADH)进行固定化,考察了pH、含水量、表面活性剂和助溶剂浓度对ADH固定化的影响。对游离酶和固定化酶的催化动力学性质研究表明:酶促反应的最适pH值均为9.0,最适温度分别是28℃和20℃,对乙醇的米氏常数分别为8.8mmol/L和5.5mmol/L。25℃时,游离酶存放120min约失活90%,而固定化酶仅失活30%,表明反胶束固定化ADH具有较好的热稳定性。     

农药微乳液物理稳定性的探讨

介绍了微乳液在农药剂型中的研究和应用,分析和探讨了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、溶剂等组分对微乳形成及物理稳定性的影响。     

2-乙基己基膦酸2-乙基己基酯钠皂微乳液

HA( 2-乙基己基膦酸 2-乙基己基酯 )是一种性能优良的萃取剂,经皂化形成微乳液后,能大大提高萃取率 .许多学者对含有中长链醇等助表面活性剂的 HA碱皂微乳液的物理化学性质进行了深入的研究 [1－ 4].　　本文报导了用 NaOH皂化不含任何助表面活性剂的 HA煤油溶液,当体系中的 NaOH与 HA数量比达到一定值时,会形成稳定的 W/O型微乳液 .不同的 nNaOH:nHA形成的微乳液的状态可能有所不同 .对这种不含助表面活性剂的微乳液的相行为、电导、溶水量等物理化学性质进行了初步研究 .1实验部分 （ 1） 仪器和试剂 DDS-11A型电导率仪,上…     

两种反胶束固定化酶的催化性质研究

探讨十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CATC)-戊醇-辛烷反胶束体系固定化乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和醇脱氢酶(ADH)的催化作用。试验了含水量、表面活性剂以及助溶剂浓度对于酶固载量的影响。对游离酶和固定化酶催化性质研究表明:LDH酶促反应的适宜p H值分别为9.2和9.0,适宜温度为51℃和29℃,米氏常数15mmol·L-1和2mmol·L-1;ADH酶促反应的适宜p H值为8.8和8.2,适宜温度为33℃和39℃,米氏常数4mmol·L-1和17mmol·L-1。应用反胶束固定化酶测定了试样中微量组分。     

油酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚微乳液体系的研究

以油酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚作为乳化剂制备水包油型微乳液.通过拟三元相图、粒径大小及粒径分布确定较优配方:复配表面活性剂(由油酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚和吐温20组成)的亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)为15,助表面活性剂为正丁醇,复配表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比(Km值)为1,混合表面活性剂与正辛烷的质量比(S/O值)=1∶...     

十四烷基三甲基氯化铵/十二烷基苯磺酸钠混合表面活性剂双水相体系的萃取性能

研究了十四烷基三甲基氯化铵(TTAC)与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)混合表面活性剂水溶液双水相体系的分相情况、萃取性能及两相的微观结构.结果表明,TTAC/SDBS混合表面活性剂水溶液在30℃下能够形成稳定的双水相体系;该双水相体系对亚甲基蓝、靛红都具有一定的萃取分离作用.其上、下两相的微观结构明显不同,这是其能够形成稳定双水相体系且具有萃取作用的重要原因.     

Rheological Properties of Hydrophobically Modified Poly(acrylic acid) in Mixed Solutions

Hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) (HMPA) with single-tailed pendant side groups was prepared by precipitation polymerization. The effects of polymer concentration, surfactant and co-solvent on the solution properties of HMPA were investigated. HMPA solutions showed good viscosity enhancement and typical shear thinning behavior with increasing concentration. The surfactant TX-10 and co-solvent ethylene glycol gave rise to factors that changed the hydrophobic interactions and in turn the rheology behavior of the solutions. The transient associative network of HMPA in ethylene glycol + water mixed solutions was retained as the temperature was decreased to below 0 °C.     

Micellar effect in hydroformylation of high olefin catalysed by water-soluble rhodium complexes associated with sulfonated diphosphines

High linear alkenes (1-octene and 1-decene) have been hydroformylated using water-soluble rhodium complexes associated with sulfonated diphosphines in the presence of ionic surfactants or methanol. In all cases, the hydroformylation activities were higher than in experiments without additives. The selectivity in aldehydes was higher when we used cetyltrimethylammonium hydrogensulfate (CTAHSO₄) as the surfactant or methanol as the co-solvent.     

聚合物-溶剂-超临界CO2三元体系的相行为

研究了聚合物-超临界二氧化碳二元体系溶解性,并考查了添加共溶剂对溶解性的影响,结果表明,添加共溶剂会大大提高CO2的溶解度.此外,还研究了聚合物-溶剂-超临界二氧化碳三元体系在高压时的相行为, 探讨了组分性质、含量等对温度-压力相图的影响.随着CO2含量的增加,压力-温度相图L-LV（单一液相向液气两相共存）边界线的斜率会出现突变点,发生由L-LV边界线向L-LL（单一液相向液液两相共存）边界线的过渡, 而L-LV边界线对不同聚合物并不敏感.     

聚合物-溶剂-超临界CO_2三元体系的相行为

研究了聚合物－超临界二氧化碳二元体系溶解性,并考查了添加共溶剂对溶解性的影响,结果表明,添加共溶剂会大大提高ＣＯ２的溶解度．此外,还研究了聚合物－溶剂－超临界二氧化碳三元体系在高压时的相行为,探讨了组分性质、含量等对温度 压力相图的影响．随着ＣＯ２含量的增加,压力－温度相图Ｌ－ＬＶ（单一液相向液气两相共存）边界线的斜率会出现突变点,发生由Ｌ－ＬＶ边界线向Ｌ－ＬＬ（单一液相向液液两相共存）边界线的过渡,而Ｌ－ＬＶ边界线对不同聚合物并不敏感．     

Investigation of AOT reverse microemulsions in supercritical carbon dioxide

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulphosuccinate (AOT) was successfully solubilised in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂), with ethanol or pentanol as co-solvent. Three molecular spectroscopic probes: methyl orange (MO), 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulphonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS), and riboflavin (RF) were used to examine the solubilisation characteristics of the water/scCO₂ microemulsions formed with AOT. MO was extracted at various operating conditions, although the wavelength of its solvatochromic absorption maximum was not indicative of bulk water properties. Instead, the spectral results imply that MO may be located at the surfactant/water interface. The highly water-soluble dye HPTS was unable to be extracted into scCO₂/AOT/water systems, suggesting that the water in the reverse micelle core was not as polar under supercritical conditions as those at ambient conditions. Finally, RF was extracted into the supercritical phase (40°C, 175 bar) with pentanol co-solvent, with an apparent enhanced uptake compared with the value at 40°C and ambient pressure in bulk water. This appears to be due to the presence of microcrystals dispersed in the supercritical phase.     

Enzyme mediated kinetic resolution of δ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated esters as a route to optically active δ-lactones

A novel synthetic route to optically active saturated and unsaturated δ-lactones based on enzymatic kinetic resolution and ring-closing metathesis reactions has been proposed. The influence of temperature, co-solvent, organic additives and the substrate structure on the catalytic behavior of selected hydrolases was studied. The substantial impact of the organic co-solvent and surfactant type on the enzymatic activity and enantioselectivity was observed providing enantiomerically pure δ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated esters. The established protocol combining enzymatic kinetic resolution with ring closing metathesis was successfully applied in the synthesis of the enantiomerically pure (6R)-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one which plays crucial role in the synthesis of the number of bioactive compounds.     

Determination of avermectins in commercial formulations using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography

Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) was developed for quantitative analysis of avermectins, such as abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin, in commercial formulations, using the microemulsion buffer containing a 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.5, 1.1% (v/v) n-octane as oil droplets, 180 mM sodium dodecylsulphate as surfactant, 890 mM 1-butanol as co-surfactant and 30% (v/v) ethanol as organic co-solvent. High accuracy and precision of the method were obtained. The contents of avermectins in commercial formulations determined by MEEKC were found to be insignificantly different with those determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, MEEKC can be used an alternative method to HPLC for quantitative determination of avermectins.     

Phase-transfer catalytic determination of phenols as methylated derivatives by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass-selective detection

A microemulsion electrokinetic chromatographic (MEEKC) method was developed for the separation of six catechins, specific marker phytochemicals of Cistus species. The MEEKC method involved the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant, heptane as organic solvent and butan-1-ol as co-solvent. In order to have a better stability of the studied catechins, the separation was performed under acidic conditions (pH 2.5 phosphate buffer). The effects of SDS concentration and of the amount of organic solvent and co-solvent on the analyte resolution were evaluated. The optimized conditions (heptane 1.36% (w/v), SDS 2.31% (w/v), butan-1-ol 9.72% (w/v) and 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) 86.61% (w/v)) allowed a useful and reproducible separation of the studied analytes to be achieved. These conditions provided a different separation profile compared to that obtained under conventional micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MECK) using SDS. The method was validated and applied to the determination of catechin and gallocatechin in lyophilized extracts of Cistus incanus and Cistus monspeliensis.     

Analysis of catechins in extracts of Cistus species by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography

A microemulsion electrokinetic chromatographic (MEEKC) method was developed for the separation of six catechins, specific marker phytochemicals of Cistus species. The MEEKC method involved the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant, heptane as organic solvent and butan-1-ol as co-solvent. In order to have a better stability of the studied catechins, the separation was performed under acidic conditions (pH 2.5 phosphate buffer). The effects of SDS concentration and of the amount of organic solvent and co-solvent on the analyte resolution were evaluated. The optimized conditions (heptane 1.36% (w/v), SDS 2.31% (w/v), butan-1-ol 9.72% (w/v) and 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) 86.61% (w/v)) allowed a useful and reproducible separation of the studied analytes to be achieved. These conditions provided a different separation profile compared to that obtained under conventional micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MECK) using SDS. The method was validated and applied to the determination of catechin and gallocatechin in lyophilized extracts of Cistus incanus and Cistus monspeliensis.