固相萃取-超高效液相色谱法同时测定乳制品中6种有机酸

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱(UPLC)同时测定乳制品中苹果酸、酒石酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸等6种有机酸的分析方法。样品用体积分数1%氨水溶液提取,调节至中性后经MAX柱净化,用Acquity UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈和0.02 mol/L KH2PO4缓冲溶液(pH 2.0)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测。6种有机酸在其相应范围内(0.05~5000 mg/L)线性关系良好(r2≥0.999),方法的定量限(信噪比为10)为0.05~25.0 mg/kg,3个不同水平的添加浓度回收率为80.1%~103.2%,相对标准偏差(n=8)在1.9%~11%之间。方法适合于乳制品中6种有机酸的同时检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定槐枝中芦丁和槲皮素

提出了用高效液相色谱法同时测定槐枝中芦丁和槲皮素含量的方法。采用ZORBAXEclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为固定相,以甲醇-0.01 mol.L-1乙酸铵(47+53)混合溶液为流动相,在360 nm波长处用二极管阵列检测器检测。芦丁和槲皮素的质量分别在0.015 4~0.154 0,0.010 8~0.108 0 mg.L-1之间与其相应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限分别为(3S/N)分别为0.06,0.008μg.g-1。应用此法测定槐枝样品中芦丁和槲皮素的含量,加标回收率分别为97.4%~98.8%,97.4%~98.2%;相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为1.6%,1.8%。     

基质固相分散-离子色谱法测定烟草中糖和多元醇

采用基质固相分散法提取净化烟草中的糖和多元醇,并用离子色谱法进行测定。将烟草试样与石墨化炭黑球(质量比为1比4)充分研磨后装柱,用热水洗脱,洗脱液中的糖和多元醇用离子色谱测定。以CarboPac MA1阴离子色谱柱(4 mm×250 mm,5μm)为固定相,用0.5 mol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液为流动相分离,用脉冲安培检测器检测。烟草试样中甘油、丙二醇、木糖醇、山梨醇、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖和半乳糖9种成分在50 min内完全分离。方法的加标回收率在94.6%～105.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于3.0%。方法的检出限均小于50μg.L-1。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量甲磺隆

提出了高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量甲磺隆。水样经Oasis MCX固相萃取小柱富集并净化后,以Extend C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为固定相,0.2 mol.L-1甲酸-甲醇-乙腈(60+20+20)混合溶液为流动相进行分离,在225 nm波长处,用二极管阵列检测器测定。甲磺隆浓度在0.005~5.0 mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.005 mg.L-1。方法用于水样分析,加标回收率在94.0%~102.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于6.5%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定粮食中矮壮素和缩节胺残留量

粮食样品用甲醇-水(1+1)溶液超声提取,所得提取液通过Strata-X-C固相萃取小柱净化,用甲醇-0.2mol.L-1乙酸铵溶液(1+1)的混合液洗脱,将洗脱液旋转蒸发至近干,用乙腈-水(2+3)溶液溶解并定容至1 mL供测定。采用Aglient ZORBAX RX-SIL色谱柱(3.0 mm×100mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈和0.01mol.L-1乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)按体积比20比80混合作为流动相,在0.3mL.min-1流量条件下进行洗脱。质谱测定中采用正离子电离方式,多反应监测扫描模式。矮壮素和缩节胺的质量浓度在0.2～10μg.L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.02,0.05μg.kg-1。用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在80.1%～104.7%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.5%～9.3%。     

高效液相色谱法测定柠檬酸发酵液中有机酸

采用高效液相色谱法测定柠檬酸发酵液中7种有机酸(草酸、苹果酸、α-酮戊二酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、乌头酸和柠康酸)的含量。采用Atlantis C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),以pH2.8的0.05 mol.L-1磷酸氢二钠溶液作流动相,流量为0.8 mL.min-1,在210 nm波长处用紫外检测器检测。在优化的色谱条件下,7种有机酸达到完全分离,且均在一定的质量浓度范围内呈线性。方法用于柠檬酸发酵液的分析,7种有机酸的加标回收率在97.1%~107.6%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于1.5%。     

高效液相色谱法测定食用菌中10种荧光增白剂

采用高效液相色谱法同时测定食用菌中10种双三嗪氨基二苯乙烯型荧光增白剂的含量。色谱分离中,以Athena C18-WP色谱柱(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)为固定相,用乙腈和0.02mol·L-1乙酸铵溶液以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用荧光检测器测定,激发波长为350nm,发射波长为430nm。10种荧光增白剂的质量浓度均在2.0~100μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.002~0.005mg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在73.0%~121%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.90%~7.8%之间。     

苯胺蓝-溴酸钾体系催化分光光度法测定水中痕量亚硝酸盐

在硫酸介质中,亚硝酸盐对溴酸钾氧化苯胺蓝褪色反应有明显的催化作用,据此提出了测定痕量亚硝酸盐催化分光光度方法。优化的试验条件如下:1 1.0mol·L-1硫酸溶液的用量为1.8mL;2 3×10-4 mol·L-1苯胺蓝溶液用量为1.5mL;3 0.02mol·L-1溴酸钾溶液用量为1.1mL;4反应温度为30℃。该方法的线性范围分别为0.01~0.2mg·L-1和0.2~1.0mg·L-1,检出限(3s/k)为4.6×10-6g·L-1。方法用于水样的分析,回收率在96.0%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~2.3%之间。     

匀浆提取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定烟草中亚硝胺含量

提出了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定烟草中N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)、N-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)、N-亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)和4-甲基亚硝基吡啶基丁酮(NNK)等4种亚硝胺含量的方法。烟草样品经0.1mol.L-1乙酸铵溶液匀浆提取,离心分离取上清液过Waters AcquityUPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈和0.01mol.L-1乙酸铵溶液按不同体积混合作流动相梯度洗脱。串联质谱测定中采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式和多反应监测模式检测,同位素内标法定量。NNK、NNN、NAB和NAT的检出限(3s)分别为0.06,0.17,0.15,0.053μg.L-1。方法的加标回收率在92.1%～104%之间;日内和日间相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为2.7%～3.3%和3.5%～4.2%。     

离子色谱法测定水产品中甲醛次硫酸氢钠含量

提出了离子色谱法测定水产品中甲醛次硫酸氢钠残留量的方法。样品经0.01mol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液超声浸取,先后经C18固相萃取柱和IC-Ag固相萃取柱净化,萃取液以AS-11(250mm×4mm)为分析柱,不同浓度的氢氧化钾溶液梯度洗脱分离并用抑制型电导检测器测定甲醛次硫酸氢钠含量。甲醛次硫酸氢钠的质量分数在0.1～100mg.kg-1范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.05mg.kg-1。方法用于分析3种水产品样品,加标回收率在94.2%～103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在2.4%～3.8%之间。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.