韭菜有机溶剂提取液的气相色谱-质谱分析及其对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用研究

采用气相色谱-质谱法对韭菜茎和叶的石油醚、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯有机溶剂提取液进行了检测.结果表明:有机溶剂提取液中有二甲基二硫、二甲基三硫、甲基甲烷硫代磺酸盐、二甲基酯硫磺酸、甲基2-丙烯基二硫及杂环等多种含硫化合物,另外还检出较复杂的3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫代杂环己-5-烯类物质.低温条件下,茎中石油醚...     

芝麻酚酰胺类衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

以芝麻酚为原料,经醚化、硝化、还原和酰胺化合成了9个未见报道的新型芝麻酚酰胺衍生物.其结构经~1H NMR和IR表征,并测定了其抑菌活性.初步生物活性测试结果表明,目标化合物对所有供试病菌均有一定的抑菌活性.4a_4对番茄灰霉病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、小麦赤霉病菌有较好的抑菌活性.4b_1对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率达到95%;4b_2对番茄灰霉病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑制率达到90%以上;4b_3对番茄早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑制率达到90%以上;4b_4对芹菜早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率达到90%以上;4c_1对芹菜早疫病菌、番茄早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑制率达到均达到90%以上.     

N~9-(乙酰苯腙)腺嘌呤衍生物的合成及杀菌活性

为了寻找高活性的农药先导化合物,根据活性亚结构拼接原理,将酰腙类化合物的活性亚结构基团(CONHN=CH)和腺嘌呤环进行活性拼接,设计合成了8种未见报道的N9-[乙酰(取代)苯腙]腺嘌呤衍生物,其结构经IR,1H NMR,13C NMR和HRMS确认.初步生物活性测试结果表明,在100 mg/L浓度下,化合物4b对小麦茎腐病菌、玉米青枯病菌和烟草黑茎病菌的抑菌活性(77.53%,72.56%和82.12%)高于对照药剂三唑酮(68.71%,66.41%和78.74%);化合物4c对小麦茎腐病菌、烟草黑茎病菌及棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌率(68.7%,79.14%和75.75%)和三唑酮的相当或好于三唑酮(68.71%,78.74%和75.64%);化合物4d和4h对小麦茎腐病菌(73.10%和69.02%)抑制率都高于三唑酮的(68.71%).     

O,O'-二乙基-(5-芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-)硫代磷酰胺化合物的合成及生物活性研究

从氨基硫脲和不同的羧酸出发,在强酸条件下通过加热脱水环化反应,得到不同的2-氨基-5-芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物,然后进一步与O,O'-二乙基硫代磷酰氯反应,合成得到6个新的O,O'-二乙基-(5-芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-)硫代磷酰胺衍生物,采用IR、NMR及HRMS对合成物进行了结构表征。同时,对所合成化合物进行了抑制植物病菌及杀虫活性测试,结果表明所合成化合物对番茄早疫病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、香蕉枯萎病菌和香蕉炭疽病菌具有一定的抑制活性,但是对二化螟、斜纹夜蛾、玉米螟和粘虫没有明显的杀虫活性。     

Carbosulfan的结构改造及抑菌活性研究

为了探索具有潜力的植物病原真菌抑制剂，本文以乙基苯并呋喃为原料，采用亲电取代、亲核取代、霍夫曼降解、缩合，水解等反应合成了6个新型的噻唑类的衍生物，其结构经IR、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR及ESI-MS确定。初步进行了抑菌活性测试结果表明，目标化合物对9种植物病原菌均有一定程度的抑制作用，其中化合物7对棉花枯萎病菌、玉米弯孢病菌和苹果轮纹病菌的抑菌活性强于阳性对照噁霉灵。     

连翘不同部位生物活性比较研究

对青翘、老翘、连翘根和连翘茎进行指纹图谱分析,总酚和总黄酮含量测定以及抗氧化和抑菌活性评价,并探讨生物活性的化学物质基础。采用高效液相进行指纹图谱分析;利用Folin-Ciocalteu和NaNO_2-Al(NO_3)_3-NaOH比色法测定总酚和总黄酮含量;分别采用DPPH·法和ORAC法评价抗氧化活性;以最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为评价指标评价抑菌活性。青翘中的总酚和总黄酮含量较高,且其抗氧化和抑菌能力较强;老翘、根、茎均对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用和具有较好的抗氧化能力,其中,连翘茎表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌较强的抑制能力。除青翘、老翘具有药用价值外,连翘根和连翘茎也具有潜在的利用价值。     

芳基吡唑腙及其双杂环化合物的合成与抗菌活性

通过1-苯基-3-(4-甲基苯基)-4-甲酰基吡唑与芳氧乙酰肼的加成反应,合成了5个新型的吡唑腙类化合物(3a～3e);3在酸性条件下环合,合成了5个新型的吡唑双杂环化合物(4a～4e). 3和4的结构经1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征.对3和4分别进行了棉花枯萎病菌(A),棉花黄萎病菌(B),棉花立枯病菌(C),瓜果腐霉病菌(D),番茄早疫病菌(E)及向日葵菌核病菌(F)等初步的抑菌活性测试.结果表明,4的抑菌效果明显高于3;其中4d和4e对A,C和D的抑制率大于90%,对E和F的抑制率大于80%.     

不饱和烯酸酰基硫脲化合物的合成与抑菌活性测定

采用山梨酸和肉桂酸为先导化合物,经过酰氯化和硫脲化,引入活性的环状化合物,合成了6个新化合物,经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和元素分析测定,确认了新化合物的结构.在此基础上对目标化合物进行了防治辣椒枯萎病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、马铃薯晚疫病菌的生物活性测试.结果表明,部分化合物有一定的抑菌活性.     

马鞭草烯酮基噻唑-腙化合物的合成及抑菌活性

本文合成了9个马鞭草烯酮基噻唑-腙化合物4a^4i(包括3对E-Z异构体和3个E-型产物),采用FTIR、1H NMR、13C NMR、ESI-MS和NOESY对其进行了结构表征,并测试了目标化合物的抑菌活性。结果表明,在质量浓度为50mg/L时,化合物4a^4i对苹果轮纹病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、花生褐斑病菌、番茄早疫病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、玉米小斑病菌和西瓜炭疽病菌均有一定的抑菌活性。E-Z异构体对一些植物病原菌的抑制作用有明显差异,例如,(Z)-马鞭草烯酮基对-氰基苯基噻唑-腙(4f)对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率是(E)-马鞭草烯酮基对-氰基苯基噻唑-腙(4e)的6倍。利用Gaussian 09计算了化合物4e和4f的前线分子轨道。     

吡唑腙及其双杂环化合物的设计、合成及生物活性

利用Vilsmeier-Haak反应得到活性中间体,取代-4-甲酰基吡唑;将其与芳氧乙酰肼反应,合成5个吡唑腙类化合物3,再经关环反应,制得5个吡唑类双杂环化合物4。所有新化合物的结构均经IR,1H NMR,MS和元素分析确证了结构。对新化合物3,4分别进行了棉花枯萎病菌、棉花黄萎病菌、棉花立枯病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、向日葵菌核病菌等初步的抑菌活性测试,结果表明,吡唑类双杂环化合物4的抑菌效果明显高于吡唑腙化合物3。在质量浓度为50mg/L时,3d、3e对番茄早疫病菌、向日葵菌核病菌有较好的抑制效果(﹥80%);双杂环化合物4对6种病菌均有明显的抑制效果(﹥70%),其中4d、4e对棉花立枯病菌的抑制率大于95%。     

用GC/MS分析几种葱属植物挥发油中的有机硫化物

采用蒸汽蒸馏的方法,分别提取了大葱(Allium fistulosum L)、薤白(Allium macrostemonBunge)和大蒜(Allium sativum L)中的挥发油,用GC/MS方法鉴别了它们中的主要硫化合物,并进行了比较。     

Two new furostanol saponins from the seeds of Allium cepa L.

Phytochemical analysis of the n-BuOH extract from the seeds ofAllium cepa L.led to isolation of four furostanol saponins,two of which were new compounds,named ceparoside A（la）and ceparoside B（2a）.The chemical structures of the new compounds were elucidated through a combination of NMR,MS spectral data and chemical analysis.     

高效液相色谱法测定野葱中黄酮类化合物

建立了测定野葱中芦丁、黄酮醇类化合物的高效液相色谱方法。80%乙醇超声提取,高效液相色谱分析野葱中芦丁和黄酮醇类化合物的含量。芦丁检测条件:V(甲醇)∶V(0.2%磷酸水)=45∶55,检测波长:360nm;槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素检测条件:V(甲醇)∶V(0.2%磷酸水)=40∶60,检测波长:360 nm。结果表明,野葱中芦丁含量0.22%,槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素含量依次为0.42%、0、0.23%,总黄酮醇类化合物含量为1.63%。     

Anti-Proliferative Effect of Allium senescens L. Extract in Human T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells

Allium species are well known plants distributed throughout the world, and they contain various bioactive components with different biological activities including anti-cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Allium senescens L. (A.S.) extract on cell survival and IL-2-mediated inflammation in human T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) Jurkat cells. Our results showed that A.S. extract induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of Jurkat cells with no significant cytotoxicity in the normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A.S. extract induced ROS generation through the activation of MAPK p38 phosphorylation. It also inhibited IL-2 mRNA expression and NF-κB signaling mediated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and phytohemagglutinin. Combined treatment with A.S. extract and axitinib/dovitinib exerted enhanced inhibitory effects on T-ALL cell growth and IL-2 production. These results provide novel information on the potential use of A.S. extract as a therapeutic herbal agent for the treatment and prevention of T-ALL.     

Chemical characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial and cutaneous wound healing potentials of gold nanoparticles using Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch

The use of herbal medicines dates back a long way in history. Herbal medicines have been widely used all over the world since ancient times and have been recognized by physicians and patients for their good therapeutic value as they have fewer adverse effects than modern medicines. Recently, researchers have used gold nanoparticles synthesized by plants in the prevention, control, and treatment of infectious disorders and cutaneous wounds. The aims of this study were to synthesize gold nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch (AuNPs) and assess their therapeutic capacities. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FT-IR results offered polysaccharides and protein in A. saralicum were the sources of reducing power, reducing gold ions to AuNPs. According to XRD analysis, the crystal size of the nanoparticles was 41.6 nm. TEM and FE-SEM images exhibited average diameters of 45 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized AuNPs had great cell viability on HUVECs line and showed this method was nontoxic. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging test indicated similar antioxidant potentials for A. saralicum, AuNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene. To determine the antifungal and antibacterial properties of HAuCl₄, A. saralicum, and AuNPs, agar diffusion tests were used. The aim of the application both HAuCl₄ and A. saralicum in microbial tests was to investigate the synergism effects between them. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were specified by macro-broth dilution assay. AuNPs exhibited higher antifungal and antibacterial effects than all standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). The MIC and MBC of AuNPs against all bacteria were in the ranges 1–4 mg/ml and 2–8 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC and MFC of AuNPs against all fungi were in the ranges 1–4 mg/ml and 2–4 mg/ml, respectively. In vivo part, AuNPs ointment group raised significantly (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, fibroblast, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, and lymphocyte compared to other groups in rats. The results of FT-IR, UV–Vis, XRD, TEM, and FE-SEM analyses confirm that the aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaves can be used to yield gold nanoparticles with a notable amount of remedial effects without any cytotoxicity against HUVECs.     

Green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles obtained using Allium saralicum aqueous extract and survey of in vitro antioxidant,cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal properties

Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch has been used in Iranian traditional medicine as a remedial supplement for microbial diseases. This paper reports the green synthesis, chemical characterization and antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles obtained using aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaves. In this synthesis, no surfactants or stabilizers were used. For characterization, UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl was used in experiments to assess the antioxidant potential of the silver nanoparticles, which revealed an impressive prevention in comparison with butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized silver nanoparticles at low doses (1–250 μg dl^?1) did not show marked cytotoxic activity (against cervical cancer cells (Hela), breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293)). Agar diffusion tests were applied to determine the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics. Compared with all standard antimicrobials, the silver nanoparticles showed higher antibacterial and antifungal activities (p ≤ 0.01). Also, the silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of all bacteria and fungi at concentrations of 31–250 μg ml^?1, and destroyed them at concentrations of 31–500 μg ml^?1 (p ≤ 0.01). Because the silver nanoparticles obtained using aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaves have antioxidant, non‐cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial potentials, they can be used as a medical supplement or drug.     

Purification and Properties of Superoxide Dismutase（SOD） in Allium Sativum

Superoxide dismutases(SODs) were purified to homogeneity from Allium Sativum by means of ammoni-um sulfate precipitation and column chromatography with DEAE--cellulose (DE52) and Sephadex G-75. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE), Allium Sativum is predicted to contain four SODs. The molecular weights of the native SODs are 41.3 kD, 37. 0 kD, 35.2 kD and 31.0 kD, which consist of subunits of 20. 7 kD, 18. 4 kD, 17. 7 kD and 15.4 kD respectively. Because of their specific sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, cyanogens potassium and chloroform-alcohol, the SODs in Allium Sativum appear to be Cu, Zn-SOD isoenzymes. The isoelectric analysis indicates that three of the four isoermymes are acidic proteins with isoelectric points at pH 3.5, 3.7 and 4. 0, respectively, and the fourth one is a basic pro-tein with isoeletric point at pH 8. 5.     

Onion (Allium cepa L.)-Derived Nanoparticles Inhibited LPS-Induced Nitrate Production,However, Their Intracellular Incorporation by Endocytosis Was Not Involved in This Effect on RAW264 Cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of nanoparticles prepared from Allium cepa L. as anti-inflammatory agents. In the present study, we identified nanoparticles from Allium cepa L. using the ultracentrifugation exosome purification method. The nanoparticles were referred to as 17,000× g and 200,000× g precipitates, and they contained quercetins, proteins, lipids, and small-sized RNA. The nanoparticles inhibited nitric oxide production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264 cells without cytotoxic properties. Cellular incorporation was confirmed by laser microscopic observation after PKH26 staining. The inhibition of caveolae-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis significantly prevented the incorporation of the nanoparticles but had no effect on the inhibition of nitric oxide in RAW264 cells. Collectively, the identified nanoparticles were capable of inhibiting the LPS response via extracellular mechanisms. Taken together, the way of consuming Allium cepa L. without collapsing the nanoparticles is expected to provide an efficient anti-inflammatory effect.     

Chemometric techniques on inorganic elements composition for the determination of the geographic origin of Welsh onions.

Techniques to determine the producing country of Welsh onions (Allium fistulosum L.) were developed by using 216 samples from Japan and from Anchu Shandgon, Shanghai and Amoy Fjian in China. Twelve elements (Na, P, K, Ca, Mg. Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Al, Co, Ni, Rb, Mo, Cd, Cs, La, Ce, Tl and Pb) contained in Welsh onions were determined. In order to determining whether Welsh onions originate in Japan or in China, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were performed, using concentrations of 20 elements excluding Al and Pb in 22 elements. In LDA for two-group discrimination modeled on Welsh onions from Japan and China, 103 samples used for modeling were classified 95% correctly, and 89 other samples were predicted 94% correctly. As the average of predictions by SIMCA modeled on samples selected by 10 times of random selections, 192 samples, including the 103 samples used for modeling, were predicted 96% correctly. In discriminations by combined LDA and SIMCA, all 81 samples produced in Japan were correctly judged to be Japanese ones, and only 8 samples out of 111 samples produced in China were not correctly judged to be Chinese ones.     

The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats

In our study, Allium subhirsutum L. (AS) was investigated to assess its phenolic profile and bioactive molecules including flavonoids and organosulfur compounds. The antioxidant potential of AS and wound healing activity were addressed using skin wound healing and oxidative stress and inflammation marker estimation in rat models. Phytochemical and antiradical activities of AS extract (ASE) and oil (ASO) were studied. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group I served as a control and was treated with simple ointment base, group II was treated with ASE ointment, group III was treated with ASO ointment and group IV (reference group; Ref) was treated with a reference drug “Cytolcentella^® cream”. Phytochemical screening showed that total phenols (215 ± 3.5 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (172.4 ± 3.1 mg QE/g) were higher in the ASO than the ASE group. The results of the antioxidant properties showed that ASO exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging potential (IC50 = 0.136 ± 0.07 mg/mL), FRAP test (IC50 = 0.013 ± 0.006 mg/mL), ABTS test (IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.06 mg/mL). In the wound healing study, topical application of ASO performed the fastest wound-repairing process estimated by a chromatic study, percentage wound closure, fibrinogen level and oxidative damage status, as compared to ASE, the Cytolcentella reference drug and the untreated rats. The use of AS extract and oil were also associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress damage in the wound-healing treated rats. Overall, the results provided that AS, particularly ASO, has a potential medicinal value to act as effective skin wound healing agent.