联萘酚衍生C_3对称的手性配体的合成及其在诱导二乙基锌与芳基醛的不对称加成反应中的应用

合成了一种新型可重复使用的含手性联萘酚的C3对称树状小分子配体(L1),并将L1用于诱导二乙基锌和芳基醛的不对称加成反应.获得的二级醇最高的对映选择性为91%ee,产物最高收率达99%.反应完成后,只需经过简单的萃取和洗涤过程就可实现对配体L1高回收率的回收.配体L1重复使用5次其催化活性和对映选择性没有明显变化.     

含金刚烷基团的新型手性单齿亚磷酸酯配体的合成及其在不对称1,4-共轭加成反应中的应用

以轴手性的BINOL/H8-BINOL(BINOL为联苯酚)和大位阻的金刚烷酰氯为原料,合成了系列新型手性单齿亚磷酸酯配体,并应用于Cu催化的二乙基锌对环烯酮的不对称1,4.共轭加成反应中.结果表明,配体结构中部分氢化的2,2'-(1,1'-联萘基)亚磷酸酯单元和金刚烷基团,有助于改善反应的对映选择性,对映选择性最高可...     

C_3对称的新型单齿亚磷酸酯配体在不对称氢甲酰化和1,4-共轭加成中的应用研究

以(R)或(S)-H_8-BINOL为配体骨架,合成具有螺旋结构C_3对称的六个新型单齿亚磷酸酯配体,并将它们首次成功应用于Rh(acac)(CO)_2催化苯乙烯的不对称氢甲酰化,和Cu(OTf)_2催化二乙基锌对链烯酮的不对称1,4-共轭加成反应研究中.在铑催化苯乙烯的不对称氢甲酰化反应中,螺旋结构C_3对称的单齿亚磷酸酯配体给出高的催化活性(转化率93%)和支链醛/直链醛区域选择性(b/n=95/5),和较低的对映选择性[28%ee(R)].在铜催化二乙基锌对链烯酮的不对称1,4-共轭加成反应中,以查尔酮为底物筛选配体,优化反应条件;在优化的反应条件下,考察11种不同结构链状烯酮底物对反应的适应性;以Cu(OTf)_2作为催化剂前体,乙醚为溶剂,在-20℃,配体(R)-3中大位阻金刚烷基和(R)-H_8-联萘基团之间的空间结构匹配是获得98%分离产率和72%(R)对映选择性的关键因素,产物绝对构型主要由配体结构中H8-联萘基团的构型决定.研究结果证明C_3对称的新型单齿亚磷酸酯配体在不对称氢甲酰化和1,4-共轭加成反应中具有应用潜力.     

手性双哌啶酰胺的合成及在共轭加成中的应用

以N-苄基-4-哌啶酮、异丙胺为初始原料,经双Mannich反应、Wolf-Kishner还原、Pd/C脱苄基一系列反应得到3-异丙基-3,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷(9);化合物9再与4个叔丁氧羰基(Boc)保护的L-氨基酸反应生成相应酰胺,然后脱Boc保护基得到四个新的手性双哌啶α-氨基酰胺化合物12a～12d.它们与Ni(acac)2结合形成配合物,用作二乙基锌对a,β-不饱和酮的不对称1,4-加成反应的催化剂.考察了手性配体的空间结构、配体与镍源的比例及用量、反应溶剂和反应温度对反应选择性的影响.在优化的反应条件下,即:以乙腈为溶剂,12c(20%)为手性配体,7%的乙酰丙酮镍为催化剂,二乙基锌与查尔酮的物质的量比为1.5:1,二乙基锌(150%)与查尔酮1,4-共轭加成反应产物的收率为87%,对映体过量值(ee)为77%.探讨了产生不对称加成反应的原因.     

轴手性联二萘酚酰胺催化剂的合成及应用

以2,2′-二羟-1,1′-联二萘-3,3′-二羧酸为原料,合成了3个具有轴手性的联二萘酚酰胺类衍生物(1a~1c),将其作为催化剂应用到四氢吡喃酮与醛的不对称直接Aldol反应中,考察其催化活性。研究结果表明: 15 mmol% 1c为催化剂,CH₂Cl₂为溶剂,于0 ℃反应28 h,四氢吡喃酮与醛能有效进行不对称直接Aldol反应,获得较好的收率（最高91%）和较高的对映选择性(最高95% ee)。     

对映选择性分析:在二乙基锌与苯甲醛不对称加成中手性配体设计的逻辑推理（英文）

基于二乙基锌与苯甲醛不对称加成反应中催化剂的构象和对映选择性关系的数学表达式,通过对手性催化剂的动态构象行为的对映选择性分析,详细描述了一个理性设计手性配体的方法,即从一个最简单的只含有一个手性中心的β-氨基醇出发,通过对催化剂动态构象行为的合理控制,理性设计出几乎是所有报道的具有高对映选择性的β-氨基醇类手性配体,共94个.     

新型手性磷化合物的合成及其作为配体催化剂在某些不对称合成反应中的应用

从L-氨基酸、D-樟脑、(-)-假麻黄碱、(-)-α-苯乙胺、(S)-(-)-联萘二酚等旋光源出发,合成了26个三配位及四配位手性磷化合物.作为配体催化剂,试验了它们在潜手性酮及亚胺的不对称硼烷还原反应、醛与二乙基锌的不对称烷基化反应以及醛的不对称硅腈化反应中的催化活性.发现其中有些催化剂有很好的立体选择性.     

双锌催化剂催化的吡咯与查尔酮类化合物的不对称傅-克烷基化反应（英文）

报道了分子内双锌催化剂催化的吡咯和查尔酮类化合物的不对称傅-克烷基化反应,分子内双锌催化剂由手性配体(S,S)-1和2 equiv.的二乙基锌原位反应生成.温和条件下,在15 mol%的催化剂作用下,反应以优秀的产率(高达99%)和优秀的对映选择性(对映体过量值高达99%)生成一系列β-吡咯二氢查尔酮化合物.并提出了一个可能的反应机理来解释反应的手性诱导过程.     

手性膦烯配体在铑催化的芳基硼酸对β-芳基-α,β-不饱和磺酸酯不对称共轭加成反应中的应用

报道了手性膦烯配体在金属铑催化的芳基硼酸对β-芳基-α,β-不饱和磺酸酯不对称共轭加成中的应用.经过系统的反应条件筛选和配体结构优化,发现含手性1,1'-联-2-萘酚骨架的膦烯配体L7与Rh(I)形成的催化剂可以高对映选择性地实现β-芳基-α,β-不饱和磺酸酯化合物的不对称1,4-加成反应.此反应体系条件温和,底物普适性广,并取得了较高的收率(up to 95%)和优秀的对映选择性(up to 99%ee),为合成手性偕二芳基取代的磺酸酯类化合物提供了一种新方法.     

树状分子BINAP膦配体的合成及其在不对称氢化中的应用: 结构与性能关系探究

设计并合成了系列具有不同代数以及不同结构的手性树状分子BINAP配体. 以Ru-催化的2-芳基丙烯酸的不对称氢化和Rh-催化的乙酰氨基肉桂酸的不对称氢化为模型反应, 结合圆二色谱分析方法, 系统研究了树状分子催化剂的结构与催化性能的关系. 在2-芳基丙烯酸的不对称氢化中, 发现双边取代的树状分子催化剂表现出明显高于小分子催化剂的催化活性, 反应速度随着树状分子代数的增加而加快, 当反应溶剂由甲苯/甲醇(1∶1, V/V)变为纯甲苯时, 这种树状分子加速效应更加明显; 而单边取代的树状分子催化剂, 由于催化活性中心远离树状分子载体, 因此其催化活性与小分子催化剂几乎相同. 此外, 圆二色(CD)谱研究表明, 双边取代的树状分子配体有不同于单边取代树状分子配体和小分子BINAP配体的Cotton效应, 说明树状分子的引入可能影响到位于其核心的手性配体的微环境. 这些结果显示树状分子载体在催化活性中心周围所构筑的微环境在促进催化剂活性中发挥了关键作用. 这种“微环境效应”还在脱氢氨基酸的不对称氢化中得到了进一步证明. 最后, 通过溶剂沉淀法, 实现了树状分子催化剂与产物的方便分离, 催化剂至少可以回收使用三次, 其催化活性和对映选择性没有任何降低.     

The synthesis of dendritic BINOL ligands and their applications in the enantioselective Lewis acid catalyzed addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes

Novel dendritic chiral BINOL ligands have been synthesized through coupling of MOM-protected 3,3′-dihydroxymethyl-binaphthol with Fréchet-type polyether benzyl bromide dendrons followed by deprotection of the MOM groups using TsOH. These dendritic chiral BINOL ligands were found to be effective in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde both in the presence and absence of Ti(O-iso-Pr)₄. The enantioselectivity decreased with increasing generation in both cases. In the latter case, the dendritic chiral BINOL ligands showed much higher catalytic activity and enantioselectivity than BINOL.     

Synthesis of Dendritic Schiff Base Ligands for Titanium Catalyzed Enantioselective HDA Reaction of Danishelfsky‘ s Diene with Aldehydes

A new type of dendritic NOBIN derived Schiff base ligands has been synthesized and applied to titanium catalyzed hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of Danigheifsky‘ s diene and aldehydes, affording the corresponding 2-substituted 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one in good yields and moderate enantioselectivities (up to 59.2% ee). It was found that the size of dendron attached to the tridentated ligands has slight impact on the enantioselectivtty of the reaction and the second generation of dendritic ligand exhibited the best enantioselectivity.     

Dendritic BINOL ligands for asymmetric catalysis: effect of the linking positions and generations of the dendritic wedges on catalyst properties

Three types of new chiral BINOL ligands (2, 3 and 4) bearing dendritic wedges have been synthesized through coupling reaction between 3-hydroxymethyl-2,2′-bis(methoxymethyl)-1,1′-binaphthol (7), 6,6′-dihydroxymethyl-2,2′-bis(methoxymethyl)-1,1′-binaphthol (12), 6-hydroxymethyl-2,2′-bis(methoxymethyl)-1,1′-binaphthol (15) and Fréchet-type polyether dendritic benzyl bromide, followed by deprotection of methoxymethyl groups by ⁱPrOH/HCl, respectively. These new ligands obtained were assessed in enantioselective Lewis acid-catalyzed addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. Compared to the enantioselectivity observed with dendrimer 1 bearing the dendritic wedges at 3,3′-positions of the binaphthyl backbone, higher enantioselectivity for all these ligands was observed. Difference in the effect of linking positions and generations on enantioselectivity and/or activity for all three kinds of dendritic ligand-derived catalysts was observed. Among these dendritic ligands, (R)-3/Ti(IV) catalyst with the dendritic wedges at 6,6′-positions of BINOL gave the highest enantioselectivity (up to 87% ee).     

Assembled dendritic titanium catalysts for enantioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of aldehydes with Danishefsky's diene

A new type of dendritic 2-amino-2'-hydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl (NOBIN)-derived Schiff-base ligands have been synthesized and applied to the titanium-catalyzed hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of Danishefsky's diene with aldehydes. These reactions afforded the corresponding 2-substituted 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-ones in quantitative yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97.2 % ee). The disposition of the dendritic wedges and the dendron size in the ligands were found to have significant impact on the enantioselectivity of the reaction. The recovered dendritic catalyst could be reused without further addition of the Ti source or a carboxylic acid additive for at least three cycles, retaining similar activity and enantioselectivity. The high stability of this type of assembled dendritic titanium catalyst may be attributed to the stabilization effect of large-sized dendron units in the catalyst molecule. The other important phenomenon observed with this catalyst system is that a higher degree of asymmetric amplification has been achieved by attachment of the dendron unit to the chiral ligand, which represents a new advantage of dendrimer catalysts for asymmetric reactions using chiral ligands of lower optical purity.     

Dendritic oxazoline ligands in enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations

First to fourth generation dendritic substituents based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid and (1R,2S,5R)-menthoxyacetic acid were attached to 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinooxazoline and bis[4-(hydroxymethyl)oxazoline] compounds. The new ligands obtained were assessed in palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations. The first type of ligands exhibited enantioselectivity similar to that of a benzoyl ester derivative, whereas the latter type of ligands afforded products with higher selectivity than the analogous benzoyl ester. The activity of the dendritic catalysts decreased with increasing generation.     

Multiple dendritic catalysts for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation

The first and second generation multiple dendritic ligands based on chiral diamine were synthesized in a convergent approach and were well-characterized by NMR and MS techniques. Their ruthenium complexes prepared in situ had good solubility in the reaction medium (azeotrope of formic acid and triethylamine) and demonstrated high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity comparable to monomeric catalysts in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones and imines. Quantitative yields and for some cases a slightly higher enantioselectivity (up to 98.7% ee) were obtained in the dendritic catalysis. Considering the high local catalyst concentrations at the periphery, diones were tested for the possible synergic reactivity between catalytic units at the surface, while no apparent differences were noted.     

含光学活性联二萘酚基团可溶性高分子手性配体的合成及其不对称加成反应

不对称催化是有机化学研究的前沿领域和发展方向．近10年来，手性配体的研究得到了长足的发展，大量的小分子手性配体被报道，其中许多手性配体展示了优异的催化性能．但是由于昂贵的手性配体（金属催化剂）分离、回收和再利用的问题，从而限制了小分子催化剂的应用．因此，解决手性金属催化剂的分离与回收问题是不对称催化研究领域的一个热点问题．为了解决这一关键问题，国内外科学家从负载的角度出发已经成功地发展了众多的研究方法，无机负载法、交联高分子负载法、可溶性高分子负载法、树状大分子负载法等．许多负载的手性金属催化剂已经表现出优异的催化活性和高的对映选择活性．     

Highly enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed reduction of ketones employing readily available Peptide ligands

Highly efficient and selective catalysts for the asymmetric reduction of aryl alkyl ketones under hydrogen-transfer conditions (2-propanol) were obtained by combining a novel class of pseudo-dipeptide ligands with [[RuCl(2)(p-cymene)](2)]. A library of 36 dipeptide-like ligands was prepared from N-Boc-protected alpha-amino acids and the enantiomers of 2-amino-1-phenylethanol and 1-amino-2-propanol. The catalyst library was evaluated with the reduction of acetophenone and excellent enantioselectivity of 1-phenylethanol was obtained with several of the novel catalysts. A ligand based on the combination of N-Boc-L-alanine and (S)-1-amino-2-propanol (ligand A-(S)-4) was found to be particular effective. When the situ formed ruthenium complex of this ligand was employed as the catalyst in the hydrogen-transfer reaction of various aryl alkyl ketones, the corresponding alcohol products were achieved in excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee).     

含吡啶环的1,3,4-噁二唑衍生物的合成及生物活性研究

依据生物电子等排原理,在分子中同时引入吡啶环和1,3,4-噁二唑杂环合成了5-(3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基)-1,3,4-噁二唑2-硫乙酸胺类化合物,用¹HNMR,IR,质谱和元素分析对其结构进行了表征.离体试验表明,化合物B1-5小麦赤霉病菌和苹果轮纹病菌的抑制率分别为30%和42%,化合物B1-6对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制率为38%.除草活性实验结果表明,化合物B1-6对油菜和稗草具有较高的抑制作用.     

Synthesis of new chiral 2,2'-bipyridine ligands and their application in copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic oxidation and cyclopropanation

A series of modular bipyridine-type ligands 1 and 3-9 has been synthesized via a de novo construction of the pyridine nucleus. The chiral moieties of these ligands originate from the isoprenoid chiral pool, namely, beta-pinene (10 --> 1), 3-carene (14 --> 3 and 5), 2-carene (28 --> 4), alpha-pinene (43 --> 6-8), and dehydropregnenolone acetate (48 --> 9), respectively. Copper(I) complexes, derived from these ligands and (TfO)(2)Cu (1 mol %) upon an in situ reduction with phenylhydrazine, exhibit good enantioselectivity (up to 82% ee) and unusually high reaction rate (typicaly 30 min at room temperature) in allylic oxidation of cyclic olefins (52 --> 53). Copper-catalyzed cyclopropanation proceeded with < or =76% enantioselectivity and approximately 3:1 to 99:1 trans/cis-diastereoselectivity (54 --> 55 + 56). The level of the asymmetric induction is discussed in terms of the ligand architecture that controls the stereochemical environment of the coordinated metal.