镧对钯催化剂上甲醇深度氧化反应性能的影响

在色谱-微反装置上考察了负载型Pd催化剂上甲醇深度氧化反应的性能，结果表明，在氧化铝载体中，添加稀土元素La对Pd催化剂的催化性能有较大的影响。反应气中不合CO时，La虽不能使用甲醇的起燃温度降低，但含氧中间物含量可以大大降低；在反应气中含CO时，La的存在可明显降低甲醇的起燃温度，并能显著削弱CO对甲醇氧化反应的干扰，La的加入能减少CO在催化剂上的吸附量，并能改变Pd的电子结构，而电子结构的改变与催化性能的变化有着对应的关系。     

甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究Ⅱ.负载钯催化剂对甲醇低温深度氧化性能的研究

利用色谱微反联用技术对负载钯催化剂上甲醇、甲醛的深度氧化进行了较全面的研究。结果表明：Ｐｄ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对甲醇氧化具有很高的转化效率和一定的深度氧化活性。以（ＮＨ４）２ＰｄＣｌ４为浸渍液、还原气氛下焙烧所得的０．１％Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３性能最好，当进气Ｏ２／ＣＨ３ＯＨ比为６、并无ＣＯ存在时，其Ｔ５０、Ｔ９５分别为９０℃、２００℃，生成甲醛的最高转化率为１７％左右。另外，反应原料气组分如Ｏ２、ＣＯ等也将严重影响Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３对甲醇氧化的活性及选择性。     

甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究

制备了甲醇气相氧化羰基化催化合成碳酸二甲酯催化剂，在常压固定床反应装置上评价了其反应性能，考察了且剂和载体的影响。结果表明：负载在活性炭载体上的单一金属氯化物催化剂的活性相当低，而双金属氯化物催化剂ＰｄＣｌ２－ＣｕＣｌ２／ＡＣ可明显提高碳酸二甲酯的产率。不同的活性炭载体显著地反应活性。碱性助剂Ｋ、Ｍｇ能大幅度增加碳酸二甲酯的时空收率和对ＣＯ的选择性，但必需以乙酸的形式加入，ＰｄＣｌ－ＣｕＣｌ２－Ｃ     

甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究Ⅰ.催化剂制备及反应性能

制备了甲醇气相氧化羰基化催化合成碳酸二甲酯催化剂，在常压固定床反应装置上评价了其反应性能。考察了助剂和载体的影响。结果表明：负载在活性炭载体上的单一金属氯化物催化剂的活性相当低，而双金属氯化物催化剂ＰｄＣｌ２ＣｕＣｌ２／ＡＣ可明显提高碳酸二甲酯的产率。不同的活性炭载体显著地影响反应活性。碱性助剂Ｋ、Ｍｇ能大幅度增加碳酸二甲酯的时空收率和对ＣＯ的选择性，但必需是以乙酸盐的形式加入。ＰｄＣｌ２ＣｕＣｌ２ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＫ／ＡＣ催化剂在１３０℃时碳酸二甲酯的收率最高为２１７．０ｍｇ／ｍｌｃａｔ．ｈ。     

低浓度甲烷甲醇深度氧化Ag/La0.6Sr0.4MnO3催化剂

用柠檬酸溶胶－凝胶法制备钙钛矿型Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３氧化物,并用Ａｇ对其进行修饰,制得Ａｇ／Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３系列催化剂。结果表明,６％Ａｇ／Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３催化剂上甲烷或甲醇氧化转化９５％时的反应温度Ｔ９５可低至７３５Ｋ（对ＣＨ４）或４２１Ｋ（对ＣＨ３ＯＨ）;适量Ａｇ的负载修饰并不改变催化剂基质氧化物Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３的纳米级钙钛矿型结构;Ａｇ的掺杂诱使催     

CaO／La2O3催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应的研究

研究了不同配比的ＣａＯ／Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３催化剂对甲烷氧化偶联反应的催化性能。适当配比的ＣａＯ／Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３催化剂的性能明显优于纯Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３或ＣａＯ，在钙含量为２４％和８１％（Ｃａ／（ｃａ＋Ｌａ））处，Ｃ_２选择性和Ｃ_２收率分别出现两个峰值。同时还发现，１３％ＣａＯ／Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３样品显示出良好的低温催化性能，在５５０℃反应温度下获得了３１．５％的甲烷转化率和４５％的Ｃ_２选择性。并采用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ和Ｃｏ_２ＴＰＤ等技术研究了催化剂的结构。结果表明，ＣａＯ／Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３体系催化剂上没有检测到新物相产生。但是，催化剂中ＣａＯ与Ｌａ_２Ｏ_３两组分之间存在着相互作用，有利于表面活性中心的形成。     

甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究：Ⅱ助剂对催化性能的影响

考察了碱金属助剂对ＰｄＣｌ２－ＣｕＣｌ２／ＡＣ催化剂上甲醇气相氧化羰基化直接合成碳酸二甲酯反应性能的影响及助剂的作用。结果表明：采用不同碱金属助剂时的碳酸二甲酯收率顺序为Ｋ〉Ｎａ〉Ｌｉ；ＫＯＡｃ助剂的主要作用是与ＰｄＣｌ２、ＣｕＣｌ２发生化学反应，促进催化活性位的形成；ＫＯＡｃ为助剂母体的效果明显好于ＫＣｌ母体；Ｋ助剂的最佳含量为２～３ｗ％；在反应温度Ｔ＝１５２℃，进料气体空速和液体空速分别为１４     

助剂MgO对Pd／γ—Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应的作用

以ＣＯ氧化为模型反应,考察了Ｐｄ／γ－ Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 体系中以不同方式加入ＭｇＯ 对催化剂性能的影响,结果证实助剂ＭｇＯ能较大幅度提高Ｐｄ／γ－ Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 对ＣＯ 氧化反应的催化活性。ＭｇＯ能均匀地分散于γ－ Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 上,使ＣＯ的起燃温度降低达４４℃。对样品的ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ、ＸＰＳ及氧吸附等表征结果表明,共浸型的Ｐｄ－ ＭｇＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 体系具有最高的Ｐｄ 分散度;分浸型的Ｐｄ－ ＭｇＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 体系Ｐｄ 分散度亦高于Ｐｄ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ,且能提高催化剂表面活性Ｐｄ 的含量。表面ＭｇＯ对氧的浓缩作用有利于ＣＯ 的氧化。并讨论了助剂ＭｇＯ与Ｐｄ 的协同作用对其活性的影响     

ZrO2载体上Pd,Ag,Co催化剂用于甲烷完全氧化反应的研究

用浸渍法制备了Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２、Ａｇ／ＺｒＯ２和Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２等催化剂用一完全氧化反应。实验表明,对Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂,焙烧温度对共催化生影响很大,最佳焙烧温度为２８０℃。对Ｐｄ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂,最佳Ｐｄ负一为１０Ｗ％。随总流量增大,甲烷论率下随Ｏ２／ＣＨ４进料比减小,甲烷转化率下降。其它负载型金属催化剂如Ａｇ,Ｃｏ等用于甲烷氧化反应中具有一定的活性,但活性低于Ｐｄ。Ｐｄ－Ｃｏ双金属催化剂可望是理     

甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的研究 Ⅱ助剂对催化性能的影响

考察了碱金属助剂对ＰｄＣｌ２－ＣｕＣｌ２ＡＣ催化剂上甲醇气相氧化羰基化直接合成碳酸二甲酯反应性能的影响及助剂的作用。结果表明：采用不同碱金属助剂时的碳酸二甲酯收率顺序为Ｋ＞Ｎａ＞Ｌｉ；ＫＯＡｃ助剂的主要作用是与ＰｄＣｌ２、ＣｕＣｌ２发生化学反应，促进催化活性位的形成；ＫＯＡｃ为助剂母体的效果明显好于ＫＣｌ母体；Ｋ助剂的最佳含量为２～３ｗ％；在反应温度Ｔ＝１５２℃，进料气体空速和液体空速分别为１４８３ｈ－１和４ｈ－１，进料ＣＯＯ２比为２８３时，对于Ｐｄ＝０６１ｗ％，原子比为ＰｄＣｕＫ＝１１４１４的ＰｄＣｌ２－ＣｕＣｌ２－ＫＯＡｃＡＣ催化剂，在６ｈ的运转时间内碳酸二甲酯的时空收率可达到３１７～３６１ｇＬ－ｃａｔｈ，甲醇的单程转化率为１４８～１６９％     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.