K改性β-Mo2C催化剂CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的研究

制备系列K改性的β-Mo2C催化剂并对其CO加氢合成低碳混合醇性能进行了考察。结果表明，K改性使β-Mo2C催化剂的CO加氢选择性发生显著变化。β-Mo2C催化剂CO加氢的产物主要为C1～C4烷烃,经K改性后β-Mo2C催化剂上产物主要为C1～C5低碳醇，其中高级醇(C2+OH)选择性可达到33.78%。通过对碱金属质量分数的考察发现，当K/Mo（原子比）为0.2时，总醇选择性达到最大值，低碳醇的时空收率达到0.12 g/（mL·h－１）。β-Mo2C催化剂上醇烃产物均符合线性Anderson-Schultz-Flory（A-S-F）分布曲线，而K改性β-Mo2C催化剂上醇产物为独特的甲醇负偏离A-S-F分布。可见，K助剂的加入有效促进了低碳醇的形成，尤其是促进了C1OH到C2OH的链增长步骤。     

新型K/αMoC 1－x 催化剂CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的研究

制备K改性的αMoC1－x催化剂并对其CO加氢合成低碳混合醇性能进行了考察。结果表明，K改性使αMoC1－x催化剂的CO加氢选择性发生显著变化。αMoC1－x 催化剂CO加氢的产物主要为CO2和C1~4烷烃,同时有少量醇产物生成；经K改性后αMoC1－x催化剂产物中烷烃选择性明显降低，而C1~5低碳醇选择性显著提高。通过对碱金属质量分数的考察发现，当K/Mo（摩尔比）为0.1时，总醇选择性达到极大值，低碳醇的时空收率达到28.6g/（L·h）。αMoC1－x催化剂上醇烃产物符合线性A-S-F分布曲线，K改性αMoC1－x催化剂上醇烃产物也有类似A-S-F分布曲线，但K助剂的加入有效促进了低碳醇的形成及其链增长能力。结合XRD、SEM及XPS表征，K助剂与αMoC1－x催化剂主体之间的电子作用导致其CO加氢产物选择性发生显著变化，这与K/αMoC1－x催化剂表面“K-Mo-C”新相的生成有关。     

钾和钴对微波法制备钼基催化剂的改性作用

在微波辐射下制备了Co_x-MoS₃-K_y/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了催化剂中K和Co的含量对其催化CO加氢合成低碳醇性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量的K和Co可以形成K-Mo-S相和Co-Mo-S相,改善催化剂性能的同时还可以避免活性组分的集聚及载体孔道的堵塞;K/Mo物质的量比为1.0,Co/Mo物质的量比为0.2时,有利于生成低碳混合醇,尤其是C₂₊醇。CO转化率为38.4%,总醇的收率为5.65%,C₂₊OH的选择性为80.5%。     

还原温度对Co-La-Zr／AC催化剂合成气制高碳混合醇性能的影响

采用共浸渍法制备了Co-La-Zr/AC催化剂并考察了不同温度还原的催化剂的CO加氢催化性能. 结果表明,在3.0 MPa, 495 K, H2/CO(V/V)=2和GHSV=500 h-1 条件下,经703 K还原的催化剂, CO的转化率和醇的选择性分别为59.1%和42.0%, 其中C6～C18 的高碳醇在总醇中占到50.4%. XRD结果显示,反应后催化剂的主要物相为金属态的钴和碳化钴(Co2C). 还原温度可影响催化剂中钴的晶粒分散度和碳化钴的生成. 碳化钴的形成可能在合成气生成醇类的反应中起重要作用.     

Co调变MoS_2催化剂的作用本质及其FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫机理（英文）

采用含硫前驱体四硫代钼酸铵直接构建MoS_2催化剂,通过调变Co/Mo原子比深入认识Co调变MoS_2催化剂的作用本质及其FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫机理。借助XRD、HRTEM、XPS、H2-TPR和Py-FTIR表征发现,Co/M o原子比能够影响催化剂的活性相微观结构组成,从而影响催化剂的加氢脱硫活性和选择性。当Co/Mo(atomic ratio)0.2时,助剂Co原子倾向于占据MoS_2相的边角位而形成Co Mo S活性相,明显提高了催化剂的加氢脱硫活性;当0.2Co/Mo(atomic ratio)0.6时,助剂Co在催化剂表面形成适量的Co_9S_8相,其产生的溢流氢能提高硫化物的脱除活性而对烯烃饱和活性的影响较小;当Co/Mo(atomic ratio)0.6时,过量的Co会形成大颗粒的Co_9S_8相,阻碍硫化物和烯烃与催化剂活性中心的接触,从而降低催化剂的活性和选择性。     

CO加氢制备碳二含氧化合物Rh-Nd-V/SiO2催化剂配比的优化

采用CO加氢反应、CO吸附和程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)以及程序升温表面反应(TPSR)等方法,考察了助剂Nd和V担载量对Rh-Nd-V/SiO2催化剂上CO加氢合成C2含氧化合物反应性能的影响.研究表明,当助剂Nd和V担载量分别为0.5%和1.0%时,Rh-Nd-V/SiO2催化剂上C2含氧化合物的选择性和时空产率分别达到59.8%和394.5 g/(kg·h).CO吸附和TPD实验表明,随着Nd和V担载量的增加,强吸附的CO数量逐渐增加,而弱吸附的CO数量先缓慢增加后又逐渐降低.TPSR实验表明,助剂Nd的添加抑制了CO的解离和加氢能力,而助剂V的添加提高了CO的解离和加氢能力.结合催化反应评价和表征结果,适量助剂Nd和V的添加提高了未解离的CO比例,使得催化剂上可参与插入反应的CO比例增多,催化剂的活性、C2含氧化合物的选择性和时空收率都有所提高.     

活性炭负载钴基催化剂上合成气制混合醇

在两种分别来自椰壳炭和杏核炭的活性炭AC1和AC2上,采用真空浸渍法制备了Co基催化剂15%Co/AC1和15Co%/AC2,并考察了其在CO氢化反应中的催化性能.结果表明,AC1和AC2的孔结构基本相同,但表面含氧官能团的数量和种类不同.含氧官能团影响了催化剂Co物种的形态,从而使催化剂在反应中表现出不同的性能.助剂K和zr的添加改变了15%Co/AC1催化剂的活性和选择性.在3.0 Mpa,495 K,H2/CO(体积比)=2和GHSV=500 h-1反应条件下,15%Co/AC1和15%Co/AC2上C1～C18醇的选择性分别为20.6%和9.6%.在其它条件不变,GHSV=1500 h.反应条件下,15%Co-0.01%K-2%Zr/AC1催化剂上CO转化率和醇选择性分别为28.0%和34.3%,液相产物中醇占60.9%,其中C6～C18高碳醇占液相产物的20.6%.     

Effects of Li Promoter on the Performance of Co/AC Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation to Mixed Linear a-Alcohols

采用CO加氢反应、X射线衍射、程序升温还原和CO程序升温脱附等技术研究了Li助剂对活性炭负载的Co催化剂(Co/AC)上CO加氢反应性能的影响.结果表明,Li的添加抑制了气态烃的生成,提高了C5+和直链混合伯醇的选择性,但催化剂活性下降.这可能源于Li的加入抑制了Co2+物种的还原,降低了反应速控步骤—强吸附CO的解离能力.另外,Li也促进了Co2C物种的生成,使得产物中混合醇的比例增加.     

射频等离子体技术制备合成低碳醇用新型Cu-Co/SiO_2催化剂(英文)

采用射频等离子体技术制备新型Cu-Co/SiO2催化剂.与直接焙烧制备的样品相比,射频等离子体处理提高了催化剂的比表面积,显著增大了活性物种Co的表面含量,有效改进了催化剂的还原性能.以CO加氢合成低碳混合醇为模型反应,在563K,5.0MPa,6000h-1,V(H2)∶V(CO)=1.6的条件下,等离子体处理和等离子体处理后再焙烧样品比673K焙烧样品的催化活性提高30.46%和65.30%,低碳醇的时空收率分别提高58.22%和76.11%.     

微量Li助剂对Co/AC催化剂合成高碳醇性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了含微量Li的15CoxLi/AC催化剂,考察了微量Li助剂对15Co/AC催化剂上CO加氢合成高碳醇性能的影响.采用X射线衍射、程序升温还原和程序升温表面反应技术对15CoxLi/AC催化剂进行了表征,结果表明,微量Li的添加可以提高催化剂上CO加氢活性、生成C5+烃的选择性、合成醇的选择性以及高碳醇的分布.这主要是由于微量Li助剂与Co物种形成了弱相互作用,促进了催化剂Co物种的分散,形成较小Co晶粒,促进了Co2C的形成.     

Molar excess volumes of ternary mixtures of nonelectrolytes

Molar excess volumes V^E_ijk of methylenebromide i + pyridine j + β-picoline (k, cyclohexane (i) + pyridine (j) + β-picoline(K), benzene(i)+toluene(j)+1,2-dichloroethane(k), benzene(i) + 0-xylene(j) + 1,2-dichloroethane(k) and benzene(i) + p-xylene(j) + 1,2-dichloroethane(k) mixtures have been determined dilatometrically at 298.15 K. The data have been examined in terms of Sanchez and Lacombe theory and the graph-theoretical approach, and it is found that they are described well by the latter. Self- and cross-volume interaction coefficients V_jk, V_jjk and V_jkk, etc., have also been evaluated and the values utilised to study molecular interactions between the jth and kth molecular species in the presence of the ith in these i + j + k mixtures.     

Effects of Activation Atmospheres on Structure and Activity of Mo-based Catalyst for Synthesis of Higher Alcohols

Activated carbon supported Mo-based catalysts were prepared and reduced under different activation atmospheres, including pure H₂, syngas (H₂/CO=2/1), and pure CO. The catalysts structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption fine structure, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The catalytic performance for the higher alcohol synthesis from syngas was tested. The pure H₂ treatment showed a high reduction capacity. The presence of a large amount of metallic Co⁰. and low valence state Mo^φ+ (0<φ<2) on the surface suggested a super activity for the CO dissociation and hydrogenation, which promoted hydrocarbons formation and reduced the alcohol selectivity. In contrast, the pure CO-reduced catalyst had a low reduction degree. The Mo and Co species at the catalyst mainly existed in the form of Mo⁴⁺ and Co²⁺. The syngas-reduced catalyst showed the highest activity and selectivity for the higher alcohols synthesis. We suggest that the syngas treatment had an appropriate reduction capacity that is between those of pure H₂ and pure CO and led to the coexistence of multivalent Co species as well as the enrichment of Mo^δ+ on the catalyst's surface. The synergistic effects between these active species provided a better cooperativity and equilibrium between the CO dissociation, hydrogenation and CO insertion and thus contributed beneficially to the formation of higher alcohols.     

In situ FT-IR and TPD-MS study of carbon monoxide oxidation over a CeO2/Co3O4 catalyst

The forming of surface species during the adsorption of carbon monoxide (CO) and CO/O₂ on a CeO₂/Co₃O₄ catalyst was investigated by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption-mass spectroscopy (TPD-MS). When CO was adsorbed on the CeO₂/Co₃O₄ catalyst, two types of surface species were distinguishable at room temperature: carbonate and bicarbonate. Surface carbonate was adsorbed on the cerium and cobalt, while the surface bicarbonate absorbed on the CeO₂/Co₃O₄ catalyst at 1611, 1391, 1216 and 830 cm⁻¹. Furthermore, the TPD-MS profiles revealed that the CeO₂/Co₃O₄ catalyst showed a greater amount of CO₂ than CO at 373 K. The CO desorption from the CeO₂/Co₃O₄ catalyst with increasing temperature showed that the order of thermal stability was surface bicarbonate < surface carbonate < interface carbonate species. Interestingly, the residual carbonate species could remain on the interface up to 473 K. The results revealed that surface bicarbonate could promote the conversion of CO into CO₂ for CO oxidation below 50 K.     

Clay-Supported Molybdenum-Based Catalysts for Higher Alcohol Synthesis from Syngas

A kind of clay-supported K-Co-Mo catalyst was prepared by a sol-gel method combined with incipient wetness impregnation. The catalyst structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption-desorption, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques and its catalytic performance for higher alcohol syn-thesis from syngas was investigated. The active components has a high dispersion on the clay support surface. The increase of the Mo loading promoted reduction of M⁶⁺ but had no signi cant in fluence on the reduction of Mo⁴⁺ and Co²⁺ species. After reduction, a kind of lower state Mo^δ+ (1<δ<4) species was observed on the surface. Compared with the unsupported catalyst, the clay supported K-Co-Mo catalysts showed much higher catalytic performance for alcohol formation. The reason can be explained that the supported catalyst have a high active surface area and the mesoporous structure prolonged the residence time of intermediates for alcohol formation to some extent, which promoted the formation of higher alcohols. The high activity of the catalyst reduced at 773 K may be attributed to the high content of Mo^δ+ (1<δ<4) species on the surface, which was regarded as the active site for the adsorption of nondissociative CO and responsible for the alcohol formation.     

Influence of the texture and acid-base properties of the alumina-containing support on the formation of Co(Ni)-Mo catalysts for deep hydrodesulfurization of the diesel fraction

The influence of the texture of γ-Al₂O₃ on the formation of Co(Ni)-Mo catalysts for hydrodesulfurization of the diesel fraction is studied. As shown by low-temperature N₂ adsorption, X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy of adsorbed molecules, and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), use of a support with a larger specific surface and a lower total concentration of terminal OH groups makes it possible to prepare more active catalysts. The electron density radial distribution method shows that the finely dispersed cobaltcontaining catalyst in its initial state contains CoMoO₄, Al₂(MoO₄)₃, and CoAl₂O₄, the last two phases being present in trace amounts. After the reaction, this catalyst contains cobalt-doped molybdenum sulfide. According to HREM data, the active phase of the cobalt-containing catalyst consists of layered sulfide association species Co_1.3Mo₂S_3.3, which differ in composition from the bulk phase CoMo₂S₄. It is assumed that, out of the 1.3 cobalt atoms in Co_1.3Mo₂S_3.3 0.3 Co occurs at the edges of the association species and 1.0 Co is intercalated into their interlayer space, and 0.7 S at the boundary between the association species and the Al₂O₃ phase is replaced by the corresponding amount of oxygen.     

Low Temperature WGS Catalysts for Hydrogen Station and Fuel Processor Applications

Generally, water gas shift (WGS) reaction is a very important step in the industrial production of hydrogen, ammonia and other bulk chemicals utilizing synthesis gases. In this paper, we are reporting WGS reaction carried out in our research group for the application of hydrogen station and fuel processor. We prepared various Mo₂C, Pt–Ni-based and Cu-based catalysts for low temperature WGS reaction. The characteristics of the prepared catalyst were analyzed by N₂ physisorption, CO chemisorptions, XRD, SEM and TEM technologies, and compared with that of commercial Cu-Zn/Al₂O₃ catalyst. It was found that prepared catalysts displayed reasonably good activity and thermal cycling stability than commercial LTS (Cu–Zn/Al₂O₃) catalyst. It was found that the deactivation of commercial LTS catalyst during the thermal cycling run at 250 °C was caused by the sintering of active metal even though it shows high activity at less than 250 °C. The deactivation of Mo₂C catalyst during the thermal cycling run was caused by the transition of Mo^δ+, Mo^IV and Mo₂C on the surface of Mo₂C catalyst to Mo^VI(MoO₃) with the reaction of H₂O in reactants. However, they showed higher stability than the commercial LTS catalyst during thermal cycling test. The Pt–Ni/CeO₂ catalyst after the thermal cycling shows slightly deactivation due to the sintering of Ni metal. Among Cu-based catalysts, it was found that Cu–Mo/Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ catalyst has higher WGS activity and stability over commercial LTS catalyst. The results suggested that Pt–Ni/CeO₂ and Cu–Mo/Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ catalysts are desirable candidates for application in hydrogen station and fuel processor system even though all other catalysts deactivated slowly during the thermal cycling run.     

Molar excess enthalpies of ternary mixtures of non-electrolytes

Molar excess enthalpies, H^E_ijk(T₁, x_i, x_j), for methylenebromide (i)+pyridine (j)+β-picoline (k); pyridine (i)+β-picoline (j)+cyclohexane (k); benzene (i)+toluene (j)+1,2-dichloroethane (k); benzene (i)+o-xylene (j)+1,2-dichloroethane (k); and benzene (i)+p-xylene (j)+1,2-dichloroethane (k) mixtures have been measured calorimetrically as a function of temperature and composition. The data have been analysed in terms of the Sanchez and Lacombe theory and using an approach employing the “graph theoretical” concept of connectivity parameters to characterize its pure components. It has been observed that the H^E_ijk (T, x_i, x_j) data calculated from the “graph theoretical” approach using ³ξ values based on δ^v considerations (that take into consideration the valency of individual atoms of the molecular graph constituent components) best reproduces the corresponding experimental H^E_ijk data.     

Studies on the Surface Oxygen Species and the Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation of La1-xSrxCo1-xMnxO3, a Perovskite-Type Oxides Catalyst

The surface oxygen distribution the active oxygen species for CO on the perovskite-type catalyst La_1-xSr_xCo_1-xMn_xO₃ and its catalytic oxidation activity with CO as probe were investigated by means of XRD, TPD and XPS in a continuous flow microreactor. Results showed that different adsorbed oxygen species and lattice oxygen were distributed on the catalyst surface. Meanwhile, the surface lattice oxygen of the oxides was reacting in the course of CO oxidation. This leads to the conclusion that, when x=0.6, the catalyst shows the best oxidative activity and lower starting temperature.     

Efficient oxidation of alcohols with tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by Mo(CO)6 supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes

Efficient oxidation of alcohols with tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by Mo(CO)₆ supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes modified with 4-aminopyridine is reported. The effect of various parameters such as catalyst amount, solvent and oxidant was studied. The catalyst, [Mo(CO)₅@APy-MWCNT], showed high activity not only in the oxidation of benzylic and linear alcohols but also in the oxidation of secondary alcohols. The catalyst can be reused several times without significant loss of its activity.     

Ammoxidation of ethane on V-Mo-Nb oxide catalysts

Summary Catalytic and physicochemical properties of V-Mo-Nb oxide catalysts (V_0.3Mo₁Nb_x, where x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.22, and 0.27) have been studied in the ammoxidation of ethane. An increase in the Nb content in the samples is accompanied by an increase in the catalytic activity and selectivity to acetonitrile. It was established that a triple Mo₅O₁₄-like phase with a variable composition (V_{0.23 ±0.3}Mo₁Nb_x, where х = 0.2?0.37) acts as an active component in the catalyst.</o:p>