在镍系钙钛石型催化剂上的氨氧化 Ⅰ.催化剂La_(1-x)Sr_xNiO_(3-λ)的结构与催化性能

研究了La_(1-x)Sr_xNiO_(3-λ)(0≤x≤1)系列催化剂的固态性质与催化氨氧化反应性能的关系。发现在LaNiO_3中掺入Sr~(2+),在x≤0.3的范围内,催化剂保持钙钛石结构不变,但晶格发生了较大的畸变,氧空位有序化程度提高;在X>0.3的范围内,钙钛石结构逐步被破坏,出现La_2NiO_4相。此系列催化剂用于氨氧化反应,Ni~(3+)是主要的活性离子,O~-或O_2~(2-)离子为主要活性氧种,反应遵循Redox机理。     

La2-xSrxNiO4体系还原性能考察及La1.7Sr0.3NiO4还原机理的研究

合成了四方晶系K_2NiF_4结构的La_(2-x)Sr_xNiO_4(0.0≤x≤1.0)系列复合氧化物。用多晶XRD技术测定其晶胞参数; 用程序升温还原(TPR)技术研究了它们的还原性能。结果发现系列样品的最高还原峰温随组成(x)的变化次序和晶胞参数a的变化次序相反, 而与c的变化次序相同。利用TPR和XRD技术考察了La_(1.7)Sr_(0.3)NiO_4的还原机理, 发现此样品TPR图中前两个还原峰主要对应于Ni~(3+)还原成Ni~(2+)离子的过程, 同时轴比率c/a的计算也间接佐证了这一点; 并将最高还原峰归属于结构的破坏峰。     

VB族元素掺杂对YBa2Cu3O7—y电子结构的影响

合成了YBa_2Cu_(3-x)M_xO_(7-y)(M=V,Nb,Ta;x-0.0～0.7)高温超导体。X-射线粉末衍射分析表明,x≤0.6时,体系仍然是正交结构,没有发生正交到四方的相变。体系的晶胞参数随x的不同而异。体系的电阻率和Hall系数随x的增加而逐渐增加,它们的载流子浓度和载流子迁移率却随x的增加而下降。这说明VB族元素的置換影响了YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)的电子结构。用晶体场理论对体系的电子结构作了解释。     

低温燃烧法制备纳米Ce1-xNdxO2-x/2(0≤x≤0.6) 粉体的研究

采用低温燃烧合成工艺，在甘氨酸-硝酸盐体系下制备出纳米Ce1-xNdxO2-x/2(0≤x≤0．6)系列粉体(NDC)。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明。Nd^3 取代Ce^4 进入晶格内部，形成具有单相立方萤石型结构的固溶体，其晶格常数随Nd^3 掺杂浓度的增大而线性增加，晶粒尺寸在17～28nm之间。透射电镜(TEM)结果表明，粉体尺寸在30-40nm之间，具有较高的烧结活性。拉曼光谱(Rman spectrum)表明％宽化峰与掺杂后固溶体中产生的氧空位有关。     

用XPS对La1-xSrxCoO3的研究

本文用XPS对La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3进行了研究, 发现在La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3中La 3d_(5/2)的伴峰与主峰之比可以做为La-O共价性的量度。此比值R定义为“共价性因子”。我们利用成键共价性和离子性这个概念解释了La在LaCoO_3中的表面偏析以及锶部分取代镧的位置后, 阻止了La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3中镧的偏析, 并且说明了随x增加钴还原温度升高的原因。     

用XPS对La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3的研究

本文用XPS对La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3进行了研究,发现在La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3中La 3d_(5/2)的伴峰与主峰之比可以做为La-O共价性的量度。此比值R定义为“共价性因子”。我们利用成键共价性和离子性这个概念解释了La在LaCoO_3中的表面偏析以及锶部分取代镧的位置后,阻止了La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3中镧的偏析,并且说明了随x增加钴还原温度升高的原因。     

Gd_xTm_(2-x)W_3O_(12)(x=0.5,1,1.5)的制备和负热膨胀性的研究

在Gd_xTm_(2-x)W_3O_(12)(x=0.5,1和1.5)系列固溶体中,当Gd的含量较低(x=0.5)时,其室温稳定相为正交相;当Gd的含量较高(x=1,1.5)时,其室温稳定相为单斜相,但在高温时转变为正交相。采用高温淬火的方法,使Gd_xTm_(2-x)W_3O_(12)(x=1,1.5)高温时的正交相保留至室温。通过TG-DSC和高温XRD研究了其吸水、相变和热膨胀性,结果表明:当x=0.5时,Gd0.5Tm1.5W_3O_(12)的吸水性较弱,而当x=1和1.5时,其吸水性增强;Gd_xTm_(2-x)W_3O_(12)(x=1,1.5)在500℃以下,其正交相是稳定的;Gd_xTm_(2-x)W_3O_(12)在200~500℃的区间均具有较大的负热膨胀性,并且其负热胀系数随着Gd的含量增加而增大。     

La1—xMxCoO3（M=Ca,Sr）还原性的研究

以XPS和XRD手段研究了La_(1-x)M_xCoO_3复合氧化物的还原性质,得到还原程度次序为La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3>La_(1-x)Ca_xCoO_3>LaCoO_3;相同离子取代系列随x增大,还原容易进行,探讨了取代钴酸镧的氢还原机理。     

(1-x)La_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)MnO_3/xCuO复合体系与La_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)Mn_(1-x)Cu_xO_3电输运行为比较

用不同实验方法制备了名义组分为(1-x)La_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)MnO_3/xCuO(LCMO/CuO)和La_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)Mn_(1-x)Cu_xO_3(LCMCO)两组样品,在宽的温度范围内研究了样品的电输运行为随Cu含量x的变化关系,发现这两组样品表现出不同的行为.对于LCMCO,随x的增加,金属-绝缘体转变温度T_p迅速降低,当x=5.5%,样品表现出绝缘体导电行为;而LCMO/CuO复合样品,当x≤6%时,随x增加,Tp逐渐下降,x≥6%时,T_p不再继续降低,所有样品几乎表现出相同的电输运行为.另外,这两组样品均表现出较好的低场磁电阻效应(LFMR),在0.3 T下样品的最大磁电阻分别达到了～76%和88%.基于样品结构以及制备过程的分析,我们认为LFMR效应的增强主要是因为颗粒边界上形成的Cu相关自旋无序层引起的.     

在金属复合氧化物钙钛矿型La1-xSrxCoO3-λ上的氨氧化

合成了一系列钙钛矿型La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_(δ-λ)催化剂,研究了它们的晶体结构、氧吸附能力(TPD)、表面状态(XPS)和催化性质。X射线衍射分析证明,样品在x<0.5时出现轻微的畸变,呈菱形结构,在x>0.5时则为立方结构。非计量氧(λ值)随x值从0.045变化至0.389,表明有氧阴离子缺陷生成,这一结果并为XPS研究所确认。根据不同价态的钻离子含量的变化,认为有可能生成两种不同的缺陷:La_(1-x)Sr_xCo_(1-x)~(8 )Co_x~(4 )O和La_(1-x)Sr_xCo~(3 )V_(λ/2O2)O_(δ-λ),而其中Co~(4 )是不稳定的,这类催化剂的活性和热稳定性之所以优于CoCo_2O_4,可归因于CO~(3 )的含量和稳定性。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.