离子交换-原子捕集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中的超痕量铜

在本文所述条件下,用原子捕集法测定铜的灵敏度较常规法高101倍,再考虑到离子交换的浓缩倍数至少可达40倍,因此至少可使测铜的灵敏度提高7640倍,从而成功地测定了水中ppt级的超痕量铜。仪器及药品WFX-IB_2型原子吸收分光光度计,外径5mm石英管,湿基001×7强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂,二次去离子水。     

氢化物原子吸收法测定镍基合金中痕量铅

原子吸收法测定铅的灵敏度较低,常常应用有机试剂萃取富集,氢化物测定铅的条件非常苛刻,存在着一定的干扰。本文用氮-氢火焰考察了酒石酸-重铬酸钾-亚铁氰化钾体系中氢化法测铅的条件及共存离子的干扰,在酒石酸-重铬酸钾、硝酸-过氧化氢及硝酸-过硫酸铵三个体系中,加入亚铁氰化钾,使灵敏度提高了12倍。为克服镍、铜、铁等共存元素对测定的影响,采用硫酸锶共沉淀法进行分离,成功地测定了高温合金中的铅。方法适于镍基合金中0.0001—0.002%铅的测定,检出限为0.014微克/毫升;测定0.0005%的铅,变异系数为12.6%。一、仪器与试剂WFX-1A型原子吸收分光光度计;本所自制AHG-1型半自动氢化物装置。     

流动注射-导数火焰原子吸收光谱测定植物油中的镍、锰、铬和铅

提出了流动注射－导数火焰原子吸收光谱测定植物油中微量镍、锰、铬和铅的新方法，流动注射进样技术克服了常规火焰原子吸收法耗样量大和基体干扰严重的缺点，导数技术应用于火焰原子吸收可提高方法的灵敏度和信号的选择性，流动注射与导数技术相结合应用于火焰原子吸收成功地测定了常规火焰原子吸收法和流动注射－火焰原子吸收法难以测定的植物油中微量镍、锰、铬和铅。镍、锰、铬和铅的特征浓度（μg/mL)，分别为0.0054、0.0034、0.0067、0.025，相对标准偏差在0.3%-2.8%的范围内。     

微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定铁增敏效应

针对在低功率下工作的微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)存在对一些元素检测灵敏度较低和抗基体干扰能力弱的问题,以氩气为载气和工作气,研究了表面活性剂及镧盐对MPT-AES测定铁的增敏效应,考察了铁测定的工作条件和共存元素对铁测定的影响.实验结果表明,非离子表面活性剂对铁的测定有抑制作用,而阳离子表面活性剂和镧盐对铁的测定有增敏作用,其中镧盐增敏效果最好.以镧盐为增敏剂,不仅可提高MPT-AES测定铁的灵敏度,还可增加共存元素的允许量.当体系中镧浓度为0.500 mg/m L时,至少可使40倍的锌,30倍的钴,20倍的镍、锰,15倍的钙,10倍的镁、铜和钠不影响铁的测定.与不加镧时相比,铁的发射强度提高了2.4倍,检出限由原来的27.5×10~(-3)μg/m L下降为8.5×10~(-3)μg/m L.将本方法应用于原油样品中铁的测定,所得结果与火焰原子吸收光谱法测定结果一致.     

原子吸收法测定矿石中铜、镍、钴

铜、镍、钴常伴生于许多综合矿床中,而钴常较其它二元素含量低1-2数量级,在原子吸收测定中,灵敏度顺序常为铜>钴>镍。为要连续测定,就需相应提高镍、钴的测定灵敏度。本文试验了在操作条件下:(1)加入一定量乙醇可提高三元素的灵敏度,降低三者测定灵敏度的差异,扩大了测定范围。(2)加入一定量的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Ti、Mn、Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni、Co、WO_3、MoO_3、对铜、镍、钴测定均无明显影响,仅硅使吸收值下降较多。(3)3 ％以内的盐酸、硝酸、硫酸介质均无影响且随着酸度增     

原子捕集火焰原子吸收法测定水中镉

采用自制原子捕集装置，选择了镉在不锈钢管上捕集的合适条件，使测镉的灵敏度比常规火焰原子吸收法提高了116倍。应用于工业废水中痕量镉的测定，获得满意结果。     

萃取富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中镍

探讨了有机溶剂萃取和有机相经加热蒸发相结合在富集分离水中镍的应用,结合火焰原子吸收光谱法,提高了灵敏度,设备简单,操作简便,方法检出限为4.10μg·L-1。     

基体改进效应石墨炉原子吸收测定环境和生物样品中镓、铟和铊

本文研究了环境、地质及生物样品中镓、铟、铊的测定条件,试验了金属盐类、有机化合物及金属碳化物涂层石墨管对测定镓、铟、铊的基体改进作用,确定了每一个待测元素的最佳基体改进剂体系。实验表明:镍的存在可使镓的允许灰化温度由900℃增至1200℃,灵敏度提高6倍,钯能使水溶液里的铟的允许灰化温度由800℃增至1200℃,灵敏度增加了3倍多,并能使有机萃取液中的锢的允许灰化温度由小于400℃增至1000℃,灵敏度提高11倍,从而可直接测定有机萃取液中的锢。然而,仅有镍或把基体改进剂存在时,高氯酸及其盐将严重干扰实际样品中镶、锢、蛇的准确测定。为此,比较了各种试剂在镍或把存在下的消除干扰的能力,得出一定量的硫酸按或抗坏血酸,可使镓、铟、铊测定时的高氯酸的最大允许浓度由0.0001-0.0003M增至0.3-1.0M,高氯酸盐的允许浓度为0.01M,从而有效地消除了基体干扰。基于这些研究,提出了以镍一硫酸按和钯一抗坏血酸作基体改进剂直接测定环境、地质和生物样品中痕量稼、锢和铊,以钯作基体改进剂结合NH₄I-MIBK萃取测定各种样品中痕量铟的方法,并成功地用于各实际样品的测定。工作中推测了镓、铟的原子化机理和镍、钯改进剂的作用;探讨了高氯酸(盐)的干扰机理和硫酸按,抗坏血酸的消除干扰的原因。     

导数-原子捕集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定中草药中的微量铜

研究了在原有基础上对原子捕集装置的改进，并与导数原子吸收光谱法结合，使铜的测定灵敏度有较大提高。在10mV/min灵敏度档下，捕集时间为2min时，方法的检出限和特征浓度分别为0.52和0.85μg/L，分别较常规火焰原子吸收法改善1和2个数量级。利用该法成功测定了甘草、柴胡等10味中药中的微量铜，平均回收率为94.2%－104％。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定不锈钢中高含量镍

镍的火焰原子吸收光谱法的测定已有报道,在测定中大多采用232.0 nm吸收线。光谱分析波长适合于微量镍的测定,但不适于不锈钢中高含量镍的测定。国家标标准GB/T 223.25—1994方法对不锈钢中镍的测量范围为0.030%～2.00%,不适合应用于样品中镍含量大于2%的样品的测定,应选用丁二酮肟重量法和EDTA滴定法测定镍量,操作繁琐,耗时长。针对此问题,本工作采用火焰原子吸收光谱法,采用镍341.5 nm次灵敏线测定不锈钢中高含量镍,样品经盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+12)溶液溶解后定     

胶束介质在速差动力学分析中的应用: 钴、镍的同时测定

研究溴化十六烷基三甲铵表面活性剂对钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)与二甲酚橙配位反应的影响, 测定了反应级数和表观活化能。由于胶束介质的存在, 钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)三元配合物的灵敏度比二元配合物分别提高了4.4和8.6倍, 并扩大了两组分的速率差别, 改善了反应的选择性。基于两组分反应速率的差别, 采用对数外推法计算机处理数据, 建立了速差动力学同时测定钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)的新方法。应用于钴精矿等几种实际样品中钴、镍的同时测定获得了满意结果, 其相对误差和标准偏差分别在4%和3%以内。     

Differential pulse stripping voltammetry for the determination of nickel and cobalt in simulated PWR coolant

The determination of ionic nickel and cobalt in simulated PWR coolant at concentrations below 1 microg/l. by differential pulse stripping voltammetry at a hanging mercury-drop electrode has been investigated. The high sensitivity for these ions results from the adsorptive accumulation of their dimethylglyoximate complexes on the mercury drop. Boric acid does not interfere and if the samples are adjusted to pH 9 with an ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer, both nickel and cobalt can be determined in the same run. The relative standard deviations at concentrations below 2 microg/l. are of the order of 5-7% and the limits of detection for nickel and cobalt are about 8 and 2 ng/l. respectively. These performance statistics show that this method is the most sensitive method currently available for determination of soluble nickel and cobalt in PWR coolant and it should prove to be most valuable in any corrosion studies of the materials of construction of the primary circuit of a PWR.     

Determination of nickel in the serum of occupationally exposed workers, by means of flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy

A flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy method for determination of nickel in the serum of occupationally exposed subjects has been developed. Trichloroacetic add is utilized for precipitating proteins and freeing bound nickel; sodium diethyldithiocarbamate is used as complexing agent and isopropyl acetate as the solvent for extraction. The method is characterized by good accuracy, precision and sensitivity, over a concentration range up to about 20 ng/ml. Calcium, which is present in serum in great excess with respect to typical nickel concentrations, does not interfere in the determination of the latter.     

Atom-trapping absorption spectrometry with water-cooled metal collector tubes

Water-cooled metal collector tubes for atom-trapping atomic absorption spectrometry in air—acetylene flames are discussed, particularly for the more volatile elements such as cadmium and selenium which may be less efficiently trapped at the hotter surface of a silica tube. It was found that a nickel tube gave 3 times greater sensitivity than silica for the determination of cadmium but was oniy half as sensitive for the determination of selenium. No atomic absorption signal for copper could be obtained with a nickel collector tube. A copper tube was 3–4 times more sensitive than nickel for cadmium and selenium. Similar effects were observed for cadmium solutions containing 1000 ppm copper or nickel, and for selenium solutions containing 1000 ppm copper, with silica atom-trap tubes, but in both cases better results were obtained when the analyte solution of cadmium or selenium contained the co-element (1000 ppm) than when the cadmium or selenium was measured with a silica tube previously metallized with the co-element.     

Determination of nickel in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry after extraction with 1,5-bis(di-2-pyridylmethylene)thiocarbonohydrazide

Summary An ICP-AES method for the determination of nickel subtraces after extraction of the metal into methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) containing 1,5-bis-(di-2-pyridylmethylene)thiocarbonohydrazide is suggested. The complex formed is quite soluble in MIBK, so that the determination of concentrations down to 15 times lower than those by the direct non-extractive method is possible. In addition, the extraction step enhances the selectivity. The described method was applied to the determination of nickel in various biological materials, such as red cabbage, algae, liver, kidney, brain and urine.     

平台石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定高温镍基合金中硒

研究了基体改进剂及其用量,硒的灰化、原子化和出现温度,以及近20种共存离子的干扰。采用镍和钯混合液作基体改进剂,硒的灵敏度高,抗干扰能力强,不需要分离样品基体,可以采用平台石墨炉法直接测定高温镍基合金中硒。     

Determination of nickel in human urine by ion chromatography with series bulk acoustic wave detection

By using ion chromatography with series bulk acoustic wave detection, a method for the determination of nickel at microgram per liter levels in urine has been developed. The highly sensitive response of series bulk acoustic wave (SBAW) detection has been combined with the selectivity of ion chromatography and hence sensitivity and precision have been improved. The detection and determination limits of the method for nickel are 0.4 and 2.0 ng ml(-1), respectively. For the IC analysis, the analytical column is a Shim-pack IC C1 column and the mobile phase is 4.5 mM tartaric acid solution. The method allows the determination of nickel in the presence of some ions commonly co-occurring with it. Urine samples from individuals with no occupational exposure to nickel were analyseded successfully.     

多波长线性回归—导数分光光度法同时测定镍,铜,钒三组分混合物

用5-Br-PADAP做显色剂,采用多波长线性回归-导数分光光度法同时测定镍、铜、钒。该法灵敏、准确。与CPA矩阵等方法相比,由于不需进行矩阵运算,只进行简单的数学处理,因而更方便。     

Derivative spectrophotometric determination of nickel using Br-PADAP

A major problem with spectrophotometric methods for nickel is cobalt interference, because many of the reagents for nickel also react with cobalt. In this work, the interference of cobalt in the determination of nickel using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylaxo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP) was eliminated by the use of derivative spectrophotometry, using the zero-crossing method for evaluation of the derivative signal. Br-PADAP reacts with nickel(II) in the presence of Triton X-100 to form a red complex with absorption maxima at 530 and 562 nm. The reactions parameters and the conditions for the measurements of the first-derivative signal were studied and the results demonstrated that using the derivative technique, Br-PADAP can be used for nickel determination with a selectivity higher than that of ordinary spectrophotometry and with a limit of detection of 0.2 ng ml(-1). The pH should be in the range 5.0-6.0 using an acetate buffer. The determination of nickel in the presence of cobalt was performed with conventional and derivative procedures, and the results demonstrated that only the derivative method should be used and, of the methods used for evaluation of the derivative signal, the zero-crossing method is the best. The proposed procedure was used for nickel determination in steels standards. The results demonstrated that the procedure has satisfactory accuracy and precision. Cobalt interference can be also eliminated by using dual-wave-length spectroscopy.