醋酸综合症对电影胶片影像影响研究

醋酸综合症是醋酸纤维素酯电影胶片特有病害现象，是威胁其安全保存的主要因素。醋酸综合症导致电影胶片的几何尺寸改变、机械强度降低、影像信息严重受损。本文采用基恩士VK-X250K形状分析激光显微镜研究了醋酸综合症电影胶片片基层表面粗糙度；采用X-Rite Model VS450分光光度计研究了其表面对可见光的反射率。实验结果表明胶片发生醋酸综合症之后，其表面粗糙度增大，对可见光的漫反射增强。由此可以说明醋酸综合症发生之后，胶片表面析出的增塑剂形成粗糙界面，对可见光的漫反射增强，在放映过程中透射光减弱，这是胶片记载影像受损的主要因素。     

活性炭在醋酸水溶液中对醋酸的吸附实验条件探索

通过活性炭在醋酸水溶液中对醋酸的吸附实验 ,确定合适的醋酸水溶液浓度范围和振荡时间等实验条件 ,该实验条件随实验温度变化而不同。用SA310 0表面积分析仪测定活性炭的比表面积 ,并与该方法测定的活性炭比表面积数值进行比较 ,分析了该实验方法产生误差的原因     

醋酸铈及醋酸稀土的研制工艺

研究了醋酸铈及醋酸稀土的研制工艺. 分析了醋酸浓度、反应温度、醋酸与碳酸铈固液比、保温时间对碳酸铈溶解收率的影响. 确定了碳酸铈的最佳溶解工艺条件. 在此条件下研制了晶型醋酸铈, 混合醋酸稀土(La, Ce, Pr, Nd)(Ac)3, (Ce, Pr, Nd)(Ac)3,(Pr, Nd, Er, Y)(Ac)3及醋酸钇. 用扫描电镜、热重-差热分析、 X射线粉末衍射分析及化学分析等方法考察了上述晶体的形貌、结构和组成.     

磷脱氧铜和不锈钢在醋酸介质中腐蚀行为的电化学研究

应用交流阻抗和极化曲线法研究磷脱氧铜和ＳＷ－２０６不锈钢在醋酸介质中腐蚀行为及过程的控制特征，比较介质温度，浓度及溶解氧对这两种金属在醋酸中腐行为的影响，分析其原因所在，为石油化工中的醋酸设备的正确选材及有效防腐提供实验依据。     

醋酸介质中溶解氧对不锈钢和磷脱氧铜腐蚀行为影响

应用极化曲线法和溶解氧测量技术研究不锈钢_2 0 6和磷脱氧铜在醋酸介质中的腐蚀行为以及过程的控制特征 .分析在含氧及采用抗坏血酸去除部分溶解氧的醋酸介质中 ,醋酸浓度、氯度、温度对上述两种金属腐蚀行为的影响因素 ,为石油化工中的醋酸设备的正确选材及有效防腐提供理论和实验依据     

银纳米簇传感器应用于醋酸浓度的检测研究

本文基于pH调控的变色酸2R稳定的银纳米簇构建一个pH荧光传感器,尝试将该传感器应用于检测弱酸溶液浓度。通过一列的条件探究实验得到最佳检测条件。在最佳检测环境中,成功的实现了对醋酸溶液浓度的检测。检测结果与标示量非常接近,相对误差小,误差值在允许范围之内。良好的实验结果证明该pH荧光传感器用于检测弱酸溶液的浓度具有可行性和实用性。     

醋酸钯和四氯对苯醌催化氧化低浓度煤矿瓦斯制甲醇

利用自制的实验系统进行了醋酸溶液中低浓度瓦斯催化氧化制甲醇研究。实验结果表明,以Pd(OAc)₂为催化剂,反应体系中添加对苯醌或四氯对苯醌可改善甲烷活化环境,四氯对苯醌对瓦斯催化氧化过程的作用效果好于对苯醌。四氯对苯醌用量、反应压力和反应温度对瓦斯催化氧化具有重要影响。甲醇生成量随四氯对苯醌用量、反应压力和反应温度升高而增加。CH₃OH是通过反应过程中产生的H₂O₂与CH₄相互作用形成的。CH₃COOCH₃一部分是由Pd²⁺直接氧化CH₄得到的;另一部分是由CH₃OH与反应溶剂CH₃COOH通过酯化反应形成的。     

馆库温湿度对醋酸纤维素酯胶片物理性能影响的研究

醋酸纤维素酯胶片档案保存环境的温湿度是影响胶片长期保存的关键因素之一。由于技术及理念等方面原因,使得我国大部分档案馆的保存环境均未达到国际标准组织所推荐的条件,致使这些宝贵的胶片档案正在遭受醋酸综合症的危害。本文选取20世纪80年代国产的醋酸纤维素酯胶片作为研究对象,研究了接近实际馆藏温度和湿度对胶片片基层和乳剂层的影响。结果表明:当胶片档案保存的实际温度高于20℃、湿度高于60%RH时,均会对胶片的乳剂层和片基层造成不同程度的损伤,特别是高湿条件会严重损毁胶片乳剂层所载信息。本研究对胶片档案的保存具有一定的参考意义。     

醋酸去氧皮质酮对大鼠肌肉电解质、静息电位和线粒体的影响

每日给大鼠注射醋酸去氧皮质酮(DOCA),连续5,10,20或30天,血清钾水平约降低25％,在此期间血清钠浓度不变。趾长伸肌与比目鱼肌钾浓度明显降低,钠浓度增加。随着电解质浓度的这些变化,两块肌肉的静息膜电位在体时呈超极化,而离体时,随外界钾浓度的降低而表现出去极化现象。肌肉线粒体受损。趾长伸肌中的受损程度较比目鱼肌中的严重。损伤程度与使用醋酸去氧皮质酮的时期长短有关。     

电导法测定醋酸的电离平衡常数实验的改进

对电导法测定醋酸电离平衡常数实验做出以下改进:使用恒温水浴、改变溶液配制方法和电极使用方法。以上改进使实验结果更加准确、可靠;避免了实验中大量容量瓶的使用、清洗及润洗过程,使实验操作更加简单快捷;减少了醋酸的用量,降低实验成本;延长了电极的使用寿命;同时加深了学生对该实验原理和方法的理解。     

浅谈电影胶片醋酸综合症的危害及其预防措施

电影胶片是一类重要的历史文化遗产,也是国家档案保存的重要组成部分.三醋酸纤维素酯电影胶片是馆藏最多的一类影片,然而其片基构成材料三醋酸纤维素酯水解而产生的醋酸综合症是危害其安全存贮的主要病害,被称为电影胶片的“癌症”.本文分析了醋酸综合症产生的原因,介绍了醋酸综合症的危害及预防电影胶片发生醋酸综合症的措施.     

Enzymatic degradation of chitosan films under the action of nonspecific enzymes

The features of the enzymatic degradation process mediated by the nonspecific enzymes collagenase and Lyrase are discussed for chitosan films prepared from acetic acid solutions. It was shown that variations in the acid concentration in the initial solution have a substantial effect on both the structure of chitosan in the film formed and the degree of degradation of film samples.     

Pectin- and gelatin-based film: effect of gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties and biodegradation

Agricultural by-products, pectin and gelatin, were used to prepare a biodegradable film. The film casting solution including the pectin and gelatin was irradiated at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kGy to investigate the irradiation effect on the mechanical properties of the film. The tensile strength of the 10 kGy-irradiated film was the highest among the treatments but the elongation at break, water vapour permeability, and swelling ratio were the lowest. Hunter color L^*- and a^*-values decreased but the b^*-value increased as the irradiation dose increased. The total organic carbon content produced from the Paenibacillus polymyxa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa also showed that the film of 10 kGy-irradiated was lower than those of 0, 20, and 30 kGy-irradiated films. In conclusion, irradiation of the film casting solution at 10 kGy increased the mechanical properties of the pectin and gelatin based film. To manufacture the film by agricultural by-products, however, the irradiation dose of the film casting solution should be determined to achieve better mechanical properties.     

Thick Silicate Film by an Interfacial Polymerization

A thick silica gel film, corresponding to the glass film of 10–20 micron in thickness, has been formed at the interface between two immiscible liquids, hexane and water, using E-40, a partially polymerized silicon alkoxide, as the precursor. The film formation was possible using both acid- and base-catalyzed water, but was greatly dependent on the type of catalyst. Only the trace of a film was observed for the system catalyzed with a strong electrolyte such as HCl, HNO₃ or NaOH, while a gel film, corresponding to the glass film of several to 10 micron in thickness was formed with a weak electrolyte such as ammonia, organic acid like acetic acid, citric acid, etc., of similar pH value. The direct introduction of organic base catalyst like triethylamine in hexane was much more effective than the use of ammonia water, suggesting that the polymerization of E-40 to form a gel film takes place in the organic phase, where water molecules, as well as undissociated ammonia or organic acids, can diffuse in.     

Cataluminescence sensor for gaseous acetic acid using a thin film of In2O3

We report on a cataluminescence sensor for the determination of gaseous acetic acid. It is based on a 60-nm thick sol–gel film of In₂O₃ on a ceramic support. SEM, XPS and surface profiling were applied for its characterization. It is found that aluminum ions of the ceramic substrate penetrate into the film and produce a synergetic catalytic effect. The sensor displays high sensitivity and specificity for acetic acid, a low detection limit, a wide linear range and a fast response. No (or only very low) interference was observed by formic acid, ammonia, acrolein, benzene, formaldehyde, ethanol, and acetaldehyde. The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of acetic acid in spiked air samples. We also discuss a conceivable mechanism (based on the reaction products) for the cataluminescence resulting from the oxidation reaction on the surface of the sensor film.

Enzymatic degradation of chitosan films by collagenase

Special features of enzymatic degradation of chitosan samples prepared as films from solutions in acetic acid under the action of collagenase as a nonspecific enzyme are considered. Variations in acid concentration in the casting solution had a substantial effect on the chitosan structure in the film formed and, as a consequence, on the degree of degradation of film samples. The addition of poly(vinyl alcohol) upon the formation of a chitosan film led to an increase in the extent of enzymatic degradation of the film.     

Decreasing the shell ratio of core-shell type nanoparticles with a ceria core and polymer shell by acid treatment

Core-shell type nanoparticles with a ceria core and polymer shell have good dispersibility. Some applications, such as fillers for increasing the refractive index and/or protecting resin films from ultraviolet (UV) light, i.e., UV cutting, require a smaller shell. Previous studies have decreased the shell weight by heat treatment in gas; however, the dispersibility of the treated nanoparticles was poor in water or alcohol. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of acid treatment for decreasing the shell weight and also evaluated the dispersibility of acid-treated nanoparticles. The thus-formed nanoparticles treated by acetic acid and formic acid show not only good dispersibility but also a well decreased shell thickness. The structure of the shell after acetic acid treatment was found to be the same as that of the untreated core-shell nanoparticles; moreover, acetic acid was present in the shell. Furthermore, by using the acetic-acid-treated nanoparticles, a transparent resin film without nanoparticle aggregation could be obtained.     

硅胶表面上脂肪酸蒸气吸附膜

应用Gibbs方程由甲酸、乙酸和丙酸蒸气在硅胶上的吸附等温线计算了吸附膜的表面压力(π)与每个吸附分子所占面积(σ)间的关系(π～σ图).所得曲线与不溶物在溶液表面上的结果相似,均表现出有“液态扩张膜”“转变膜”和“液态凝聚膜”.不同的是,不溶物只能形成单分子层膜,而硅胶表面上的脂肪酸吸附膜则是多分子层的.蒸气吸附膜由单层向多层的转变,恰与π～σ图上的“液态扩张膜”向“转变膜”的转变相对应.吸附焓(△H)与吸附熵(△S)的计算结果表明,在此转变附近AH和AS发生急剧变化.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Application of Poly[Substituted Methylene]S

Radical polymerization of fumaric acid derivatives, such as dialkyl fumarates, gave polymers consisting of a less-or nonflexible substituted polymethylene structure. The yield and molecular weight of the polymers produced increased as the bulkiness of the ester substituents increased. For example, when di-t-butyl fumarate was polymerized in bulk with azocyclohexanecarbonitrile (20 mmol/L) at 80°C for 6 h, polymer with M _n of more than 100 000 was produced in more than 80% yield. The polymers obtained were colorless powders and did not melt before degradation at ～250°C, but they were soluble in such organic solvents as benzene, carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane. A transparent brittle film or fiber was obtained from toluene solution. Some properties and possibilities for application of these polymers are described and discussed.