CuCl_2和HY分子筛的表面反应及Cu/Y分子筛的制备及其催化甲醇氧化羰基化（英文）

以CuCl2为前驱物与HY分子筛进行固相离子交换制备了Cu/Y催化剂,采用热重方法研究了CuCl2与HY分子筛的表面固相离子交换反应,结合活性测试表明催化剂中高度分散的CuCl和离子交换形式的Cu+物种是甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的催化活性中心.X射线光电子能谱表征和元素分析结果表明,活性金属Cu主要以CuCl形式存在于分子筛外表面,而在分子筛笼内则以交换的Cu+和少量吸附的CuCl形式存在.与以CuCl为交换铜源所制催化剂相比,以CuCl2为铜源制备的催化剂Cu含量低,催化活性更高.     

微波固相法制备ZnCl2/MCM-41催化剂及其催化性能

采用微波固相法、普通加热法和溶剂分散法等不同方法制备了ZnCl2/MCM-41催化剂,以XRD、FT-IR和TG-DSC等表征手段,比较了不同方法制备的催化剂中ZnCl2在分子筛表面的存在状态.XRD测定结果表明,微波固相法和溶剂分散法制备的样品可使ZnCl2完全分散于MCM-41分子筛表面,而加热法制备的样品中仍存在ZnCl2的晶相衍射峰.FT-IR、DSC和原子吸收光谱的测定结果表明,微波辐射可使ZnCl2与分子筛表面羟基发生固态相互作用形成O－Zn－Cl活性位,具有更加温和的Lewis酸性.考察了不同方法制备和不同ZnCl2负载量的催化剂在月桂烯与丙烯醛Diels-Alder反应中的催化性能,与普通加热法制备的催化剂相比,微波固相法与溶剂分散法制备的催化剂具有更好的催化活性和选择性,但微波固相法制备催化剂更为简单.     

CuCl2和HY分子筛的表面反应及Cu/Y分子筛的制备及其催化甲醇氧化羰基化

以CuCl₂为前驱物与HY分子筛进行固相离子交换制备了Cu/Y催化剂,采用热重方法研究了CuCl₂与HY分子筛的表面固相离子交换反应,结合活性测试表明催化剂中高度分散的CuCl和离子交换形式的Cu⁺物种是甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的催化活性中心。X射线光电子能谱表征和元素分析结果表明,活性金属Cu主要以CuCl形式存在于分子筛外表面,而在分子筛笼内则以交换的Cu⁺和少量吸附的CuCl形式存在。与以CuCl为交换铜源所制催化剂相比,以CuCl₂为铜源制备的催化剂Cu含量低,催化活性更高。     

微波固相法制备ZnCl2/NaY催化剂ZnCl2/NaY在月桂烯Diels-Alder反应中的催化性能

比较了微波固相法、普通加热法和简单混合法制备的ZnCl2/NaY及溶液离子交换法制备的ZnNaY在月桂烯与丙烯醛Diels-Alder反应中的催化性能,发现微波固相法制备的催化剂表现出最高的环加成选择性和区域选择性.通过对微波固相法制备的催化剂中ZnCl2负载量的考察,揭示了微波诱导ZnCl2在NaY分子筛表面形成了不同催化活性中心的特点,分散在分子筛表面的ZnCl2具有更高的催化活性和区域选择性.微波辐射可成功地将ZnCl2固载于NaY分子筛中,当ZnCl2负载量为6.3%时,ZnCl2与NaY分子筛主要发生固态离子交换反应;当ZnCl2负载量达25%时,催化活性提高了3倍,区域选择性提高了1倍以上.而且,以微波固相法制备的ZnCl2/NaY催化剂,其环加成选择性和区域选择性随反应温度的升高而下降.     

微波固相法制备的ZnCl_2/Y在α-蒎烯环氧化物重排反应中的催化性能

考察了微波固相法制备的ZnCl2 /Y分子筛催化剂在α 蒎烯环氧化物重排反应中的催化性能 .催化剂活性及产物选择性与分子筛表面的酸性有关 .在微波作用下 ,ZnCl2 可分散于分子筛表面且可与分子筛中的阳离子发生固态离子交换反应 .分散的ZnCl2 (中强L酸 )有利于生成龙脑烯醛 ,固态离子交换生成的ZnY(弱L酸 )有利于α 蒎烯环氧化物重排生成松蒎酮 ;不同Na+ 交换度的HY分子筛表面具有不同的B酸中心 ,B酸的存在可使重排反应产物松香芹醇和香芹醇发生分子内脱水二次反应生成单萜烯 .用微波固相法制备催化剂时 ,随着ZnCl2 负载量的增加 ,产物香芹醇的选择性升高 ,分散于分子筛孔道内的ZnCl2 有利于生成香芹醇 .比较了不同溶剂对α 蒎烯环氧化物重排反应产物分布的影响 ,以环己烷作溶剂时 ,松蒎酮选择性可达 2 4% .通过对分子筛表面酸性的调变可实现选择合成 .     

分子筛表面酸性对微波固相法制备ZnCl2/Y催化剂的影响

 采用XRD和原子吸收光谱法研究了微波作用下分子筛表面酸性对ZnCl2与Y分子筛固态相互作用的影响．结果表明，微波辐射可显著促进ZnCl2在分子筛表面分散，其分散阈值与分子筛表面酸性有关．随着分子筛表面酸量和酸强度增加，ZnCl2在分子筛表面的最大分散量减少，分散的ZnCl2与Y分子筛的固态离子交换量也减少；NaY型分子筛比HY分子筛更容易发生固态离子交换反应．考察了微波固相法制备的ZnCl2／HY催化剂在苯甲醚与乙酰氯酰化反应中的催化性能．结果表明，在分子筛表面分散的ZnCl2具有更高的催化活性及对甲氧基苯乙酮选择性．     

微波辐射促进ZnCl_2与Y分子筛固相反应的研究

采用XRD、IR和原子吸收光谱等手段对微波固相法制备的ZnCl2／Y催化剂进行了表征·微波辐射促进了ZnCl2在分子筛表面分散和固态离子交换，分散的ZnCl2可与分子筛表面氧原子发生较强的配住键合作用．当ZnCl2的负载量达到37．5％时，ZnCl2仍可完全分散于NaY分子筛表面，此时的固态离子交换度为84％．随着分子筛表面酸菌和区强度的增加，ZnCl2与分子筛的固态离子交换量减少．     

铈改性对HZSM-5分子筛表面性质及其催化降解甲硫醇(CH_3SH)的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Ce改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,考察Ce改性前后HZSM-5分子筛催化分解甲硫醇反应中的催化活性。通过XRD,BET,H_2-TPR,NH_3-TPD和CO_2-TPD等手段对其物化性能进行表征,结果表明:Ce改性后HZSM-5分子筛的结构没有被破坏,而Ce的引入可明显提高催化剂的还原性能,进而促进甲硫醇的催化分解;同时Ce的引入还能有效调控HZSM-5分子筛表面的酸碱性,可明显增加分子筛表面碱性中心的数量,从而显著提高催化分解甲硫醇的活性。此外,探讨了在350~650℃范围内焙烧温度对Ce改性HZSM-5分子筛表面性质及催化分解甲硫醇活性的影响。实验结果表明,在550℃焙烧获得的分子筛催化分解甲硫醇的效果最好。表征结果显示:当焙烧温度较低时,Ce与HZSM-5分子筛的相互作用较弱,所以分子筛催化分解甲硫醇的活性较差,随着焙烧温度的升高,分子筛的还原性能和酸碱性能均有所降低;当焙烧温度过高时,导致Ce O_2相互堆叠形成新的介孔孔道坍塌,降低其催化分解甲硫醇的活性。     

不同方法制备的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷的芳构化反应

 采用机械混合、机械混合后焙烧和机械混合后微波处理等方法制备Mo／HZSM－5催化剂,并对催化剂上甲烷芳构化反应性能进行了考察．结果表明,与浸渍法相比,用机械混合法、固相反应法和微波法制备的催化剂,在保持甲烷转化率不变的前提下,能明显提高芳烃选择性并减少积炭的生成;不同方法制备的Mo／HZSM－5催化剂上Mo物种的落位不同,机械混合法、固相反应法和微波法使Mo物种较多地落位于分子筛外表面．结合反应结果可以得出,落位于分子筛外表面的Mo物种对甲烷芳构化反应更为有利,而且明显减少积炭的生成．     

Ce、Zr双组分改性对Cu/ZSM-5催化剂催化分解NO性能的影响

采用Ce、Zr双组分对Cu/ZSM-5催化剂进行改性,利用O₂-TPD和TG等手段对催化剂进行表征,考察了离子交换顺序、铈锆摩尔比以及反应条件对催化剂催化分解NO性能的影响。结果表明,铜物种是Zr-Cu-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂中催化分解NO的活性中心,是必须的催化活性组分,Ce、Zr双组分改性能显著提高催化剂在富氧条件下催化分解NO的活性,降低达到最高活性所需要的反应温度。铈锆摩尔比为1:1时,同时进行离子交换制备的Zr-Cu-Ce/ZSM-5催化剂催化分解NO的活性最好。     

一价铜改性ZSM-5催化剂及其催化碳烟氧化反应性能研究

采用固态离子交换法制备了系列一价铜改性的ZSM-5催化剂,结合多种表征手段,研究了一价铜改性对碳烟氧化反应催化活性的影响。结果表明,采用固态离子交换法可以制备出高负载量的一价铜改性Cu/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,而不会破坏ZSM-5分子筛原有微孔结构;随催化剂中一价铜比例的增加,低温还原峰和高温还原峰均向低温段移动,且低温还原峰面积增加。改性催化剂对碳烟氧化反应的催化活性随改性元素比例变化先增加后降低;当铜改性比例超过11%后,铜物种的分散性及催化剂对碳烟氧化反应的催化活性均恶化。同时研究还发现,反应气氛中通入NO可以改善催化剂对碳烟氧化反应的催化效果。     

微波辐射促进ZnCl2与Y分子筛固相反应的研究

ZnCl2/Y catalysts prepared by solid-state reaction of anhydrous ZnCl2 and Y zeolites under microwave irradiation were characterized by XRD, IR and AAS. ZnCl2 was intercalated in Y zeolites and dispersed on the surface of Y zeolite, part of ZnCl2 dispersed could result in solid-state ion exchange with Y. The amount of dispersion and solid-state ion exchange were related to ZnCl2 loading and the surface acid property of the zeolite. When ZnCl2 loading was 37.5% (mass fraction) in NaY zeolite, ZnCl2 was still completely dispersed on the surf are of zeolite and the degree of solid- state ion exchang was 84%. The appearance of new band at 890 cm-l in the framework IR spectra of ZnCl2/NaY sample was due to the dispersed ZnCl2 coordinating strongly with oxygen of NaY surface. With the increasing of the number of arid centers and the acid strength of the surface of Y zeolite the amount of solid-state ion exchange decreased.     

Effect of dispersion and distribution of tungsten on W/HZSM-5 for selective catalytic reduction of NO by acetylene

Catalytic performance of W/HZSM-5 in selective catalytic reduction of NO by acetylene was investigated in a reaction system with 1600 ppm of NO, 800 ppm of C2H2, and 9.95% of O2 in He. It was found that promotional effect of tungsten on the reaction is strongly affected by catalyst preparation conditions and Si/Al ratio of the parent zeolite. A better dispersion of tungsten on HZSM-5 and relatively more monomeric tungsten species were found on 8%W/HZSM-5 prepared by impregnation of the zeolite with lower SiO2/A1203 ratio （25） in ammonic ammonium tungstate solution and calcination of the resulting material at higher temperature （550 ℃）. The highest NO conversion to N2 of 86.3% in the reaction system was obtained at 350 ℃ over the catalyst thus prepared. The mechanism of monomeric tungsten species improving the C2H2-SCR can be attributed to accelerating the formation of active nitrate species.     

A Novel Cu-Mo／ZSM-5 Catalyst for NOx Catalytic Reduction with Ammonia

The Cu-Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Cu/Mo ratios were prepared by wet impregnation method, and their catalytic performance for selective catalytic reduction of NOx was studied. The results showed that Cu-Mo/ZSM-5 is a very effective catalyst for NOx catalytic reduction with ammonia, especially when Cu/Mo molar ratio is about 1.5. It not only exhibited the extremely high catalytic activity, but also showed good stability for 02. The bulk phase structure of Cu-Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts was determined by XRD technique, and the results indicated that there is a maximum dispersion for Cu species when Cu/Mo molar ratio is 1.5, and an interaction between Cu and Mo along with HZSM-5 may be present in Cu-Mo/ZSM-5, which may possibly result in a special structure favorable for the catalytic reduction of NOx over Cu-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst.     

La／HZSM—5催化剂上丙烷的芳构化反应研究

采用浸渍法和离子交换法制备了La/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,用于丙烷芳构化反应,利用XRD,SPS,FT－IR,NH3－TPD技术考察了La对HZSM－5分子筛结构和表面酸性的影响,引入La后能显著提高HZSM－5的丙烷芳构化活性,其中由离子交换法得到的催化剂效果最佳,在反应温度550度,空速600h^-1条件下,丙烷转化率和芳烃选择性分别达到94．58％,68．99％,在La/HZSM-5中分子筛结晶度下降,B酸中心减少,L酸中心增多,离子交换法制备的催化剂比浸渍法催化剂的这种变化更显著,同时更有利于La3 进入分子筛孔道内,并与分子筛产生强相互作用,新增加的L酸中心可能是芳构化反应的活性中心。     

Characterization and Activity of Cr, Cu and Ga Modified ZSM—5 for Direct Conversion of Methane to Liquid Hydrocarbons

Direct conversion of methane using a metal-loaded ZSM-5 zeolite prepared via acidic ion exchange was investigated to elucidate the roles of metal and acidity in the formation of liquid hydrocarbons. ZSM-5 (SiO2/A12O3=30) was loaded with different metals (Cr, Cu and Ga) according to the acidic ion-exchange method to produce metal-loaded ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts. XRD, NMR, FT-IR and N2 adsorption analyses indicated that Cr and Ga species managed to occupy the alllmlnum positions in the ZSM-5 framework. In addition, Cr species were deposited in the pores of the structure. However, Cu oxides were deposited on the surface and in the mesopores of the ZSM-5 zeolite. An acidity study using TPD-NH3, FT-IR, and IR-pyridine analyses revealed that the total number of acid sites and the strengths of the BrSusted and Lewis acid sites were significantly different after the acidic ion exchange treatment.Cu loaded HZSM-5 is a potential catalyst for direct conversion of methane to liquid hydrocarbons. The successful production of gasoline via the direct conversion of methane depends on the amount of aluminum in the zeolite framework and the strength of the BrSnsted acid sites.     

柴油机尾气碳颗粒燃烧中La-Mn-Fe-Cu/HZSM-5的催化性能

采用柠檬酸络合浸渍法制备分子筛负载钙钛矿型金属复合氧化物催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、XPS和H₂-TPR等手段对催化剂性能进行表征,并在微型固定床反应器中对催化剂进行活性评价。结果表明,B位离子由多种金属离子组成的催化剂,可使碳颗粒燃烧温度降低,生成CO₂的选择性高。B位离子种类及配比直接影响催化剂性能,Cu离子加入可提高生成CO₂的选择性,Co离子加入可降低碳颗粒燃烧温度,调节Fe/Mn离子摩尔比可以改善碳颗粒燃烧温度和生成CO₂的选择性。其中,LaMn_0.2Fe_0.7Cu_0.1O₃/HZSM-5催化剂性能较好,碳颗粒燃烧温度较低,T_ig、T_m和T_f分别为236.6、419.0和458.7 ℃,生成CO₂选择性较高,为88.3%。     

The Stability of Monolith CuZSM-5 Catalysts for the Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides with Hydrocarbons: I. Synthesis and Characterization of Bulk CuZSM-5 Catalysts

The effects of ion-exchange conditions (the pH, the copper concentration in solution, and the solution-to-zeolite volume ratio) and the Si/Al atomic ratio of HZSM-5 zeolite on the concentration and state of copper in bulk CuZSM-5 catalysts and on the catalytic activity in the selective reduction of NO with propane were studied. It was found that the concentration and state of copper in the catalysts essentially depend on the pH of the solution used for ion exchange and on the copper concentration in this solution. An increase in the solution-to-zeolite volume ratio has almost no effect on the above characteristics. Regardless of the Si/Al atomic ratio of zeolite and of the pH of solution, a maximum activity (NO conversion) of the resulting catalyst is attained even at an exchange level (Cu/Al) close to 100% (80–140%). The absolute value of this catalytic activity depends only on the reaction temperature and is equal to 22–31% at 300°C or 85–97% at 400–500°C. The above exchange level is maximally attainable at pH 6 in the chosen range of copper acetate concentrations in solution (2–10 mg/ml accounted as CuO). An increase in the pH of ion exchange up to 100% allows a wider variation in the exchange level and the state of copper in the zeolite with the same range of copper concentration in the solution. However, at Cu/Al 100% (up to 430%), the catalyst activity is independent of the exchange level. The state of copper in freshly prepared samples affects the stability of the catalysts in storage. In turn, the state of copper depends on ion-exchange conditions and the Cu/Al ratio.