共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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研究了双酚S合成过程中一套和两套分水器时不同回流脱水时间的影响,安装两套分水器能显著提高分水效率,缩短回流反应时间,提高产品粗收率。较佳条件为:492.5g苯酚、500g均三甲苯及25g 2,6-萘二磺酸混合,滴加256g浓硫酸,回流6.5h,粗收率可达99%以上,粗品中双酚S质量分数为96.69%。分别研究了双酚S精制过程中单一醇-均三甲苯和混合醇-均三甲苯体系对粗品的精制。从产品成本、收率、色度等方面综合考虑,异丙醇和异戊醇的混合醇溶剂比单一异丙醇溶剂精制效果更好。在脱色剂的选择上,糖用活性炭效果较好。单一醇-均三甲苯体系精制的较佳条件为,粗品湿品11.1g,用44.4g异丙醇全溶,加入66.6g均三甲苯和1.11g活性炭,60℃搅拌脱色1h,精制收率为97.0%,双酚S质量分数为99.89%。混合醇-均三甲苯体系精制较佳条件为,粗品10g,用40g混合醇(异丙醇∶异戊醇=1∶1)全溶,加入60g均三甲苯和1g活性炭,60℃搅拌脱色1h,精制收率为90.6%,双酚S质量分数为99.87%。 相似文献
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用浸渍法制备了改性阳离子交换树脂,通过红外光谱、热重分析和扫描电镜等对其进行了分析,探讨了不同改性树脂对以苯酚和甲醛为原料催化合成双酚F收率的影响。当等摩尔比Al Cl3和Ti Cl4加入总量为树脂质量的8%,反应温度为80℃,改性时间为10h,Al Cl3-Ti Cl4改性阳离子交换树脂催化合成双酚F,其收率高达90.02%,比未改性或Al Cl3单独改性树脂的催化效果都好,其重复利用率也优于后两者。结果说明,Al Cl3-Ti Cl4改性阳离子交换树脂催化性能好,是一种环境友好高效合成双酚F的催化剂。 相似文献
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通过正交设计实验确定了用化学转化法制备球形纤维素基磁性阳离子交换树脂的最佳条件,即:将树脂在室温下浸渍于摩尔比为1∶2的Fe3 与Fe2 混合铁盐溶液中90min,然后,加入2mol/L的NaOH溶液,在搅拌下转化20min,Fe3 、Fe2 将转化为FeFe2O4并将均匀的分布在树脂的表面及大孔结构中,从而获取磁性树脂.并初步探讨了阳离子交换树脂磁化的机理. 相似文献
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采用强酸阳离子交换树脂-乙醇-铜粉催化体系代替传统工艺中硫酸-水-铜粉催化体系,对溴胺酸进行Ullmann缩合反应。考察了强酸离子交换树脂用量、有机溶剂种类及反应温度等因素对反应收率的影响。结果表明,在V(乙醇)∶V(水)=9∶1介质中,在溴胺酸、铜粉存在下,树脂用量为16g/L,在70℃下反应3h,溴胺酸缩合产物收率可达94.0%。反应中所使用的离子交换树脂、铜粉和乙醇均可回收再利用,强酸离子交换树脂重复使用5次后其催化活性仍未降低;乙醇回收率可达70%~80%,铜粉的回收率可达85%~90%。 相似文献
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《化学教育》2013,34(5):92-92
1实验原理
2,3-二甲基喹喔啉-6-羧酸(分子量:202.2;熔点:230℃;不溶于水,微溶于乙醇,易溶于乙酸)是一种重要的有机合成中间体,可用于合成有机药物和荧光探针分子,也可作为配体构筑金属有机化合物.2,3-丁二酮与3,4-二氨基苯甲酸反应可制备2,3-二甲基喹喔啉-6-羧酸,其反应式如下:
2实验步骤
在100 mL圆底烧瓶中放入搅拌磁子,加入3,4-二氨基苯甲酸(3g,21 mmol),2,3-丁二酮(1.8 mL,20 mmol),50 mL无水乙醇及10 mL乙酸,安装加热回流装置(注:务必使圆底烧瓶底部不要直接接触电热套).通冷凝水,调节搅拌旋钮至适当转速.将加热旋钮调至100V开始加热,反应液沸腾后继续加热反应1h.稍冷后将反应瓶放入冰水中,玻璃棒搅拌,冷却15 min.抽滤,滤饼用5 mL无水乙醇洗涤,再重复洗涤1~2次. 相似文献
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从13种树脂中筛选出SD-4型弱碱性离子交换树脂,用于分离乳酸转化液中的丙酮酸.考察了不同操作条件对固定床离子交换效果的影响.结果表明,上样pH为1.85,流速1.5BV/h时,可得到较高的工作交换容量(2.08mmol/g湿树脂),并且可以用流出液pH 2.5作为判断终止进样的依据;考察了固定床洗脱工艺条件,结果表明,去离子水淋洗即可除去乳酸,然后用盐酸洗脱丙酮酸.当盐酸浓度为2.0mol/L,逆流洗脱速度为1.0BV/h时,洗脱效果较好.采用较佳工艺进行固定床单柱操作,丙酮酸的收率达到85%. 相似文献
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聚苯乙烯磺酰氯树脂的制备及其在含氮碱性树脂合成中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道一种制备聚苯乙烯磺酰氯的新方法。首先将商品磺酸阳离子交换树脂在乙醇中用吡啶处理转化为磺酸吡啶盐树脂,然后与亚硫酰氯回流得到具有单一磺酰氯基团的树脂.这种树脂分别与乙烯多胺、α-氨基吡啶、1,2,4-三氮唑和2-氨基噻唑反应制得了一系列含氯碱性树脂。 相似文献
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Two beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) derivatives bearing steroid groups (1 and 2) were synthesized by the condensation of mono(6-aminoethylamino-6-deoxy)-beta-CD with cholic acid and deoxycholic acid, respectively, and their original conformations and binding behavior to the organic anion of naphthalenesulfonate derivatives were investigated by using 1H NMR spectroscopy and spectrofluorometric titration in combination with computational methods. The 2D NMR experiments reveal that the steroid groups attached to the beta-CD rim could be deeply embedded in the beta-CD cavity to form the intramolecular (for 1) or intermolecular (for 2) inclusion complexes in aqueous solution. Upon complexation with naphthalenesulfonate derivatives, modified beta-CDs display two obviously different binding modes, that is, the competitive inclusion mode and the induced-fit inclusion mode, which is consistent with the results of molecular modeling study. The two modes and the strict size/shape fitting relationship between the hosts and guests reasonably explain the different binding behaviors and molecular selectivity of host beta-CDs 1 and 2 toward the naphthalenesulfonate guests. Therefore, the cholic acid- or deoxycholic acid-modified beta-CDs could effectively recognize the size/shape of guest molecules as compared with the parent beta-CD, giving good molecular selectivity up to 24.9 for the disodium 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonate/disodium 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate pair by the host 1. 相似文献
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The quantitative extraction of cationic surfactant (CS+) in river sediments was studied. Further, the developed method was applied to the spectrophotometric determination of CS+ in urban river sediment samples by solid-phase extraction with membranes. A mixture of methanol and hydrochloric acid was proposed as an eluent. Dried sediment was digested in the eluent under ultrasonic irradiation. After elution, the eluent was evaporated to almost dryness. The residue was dissolved in a small volume of methanol and diluted to a certain volume with water. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 4-5 to separate iron and some other metals as precipitates of hydroxides. The solution was passed through two-piled membranes: first glass-fiber and then polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes. A small volume of methanol was passed through the membranes to elute any CS+ retaining on the membranes. After passing the methanol solution through a cationic exchange resin column, the retained CS+ was eluted with methanol containing a high concentration of sodium chloride. Water, Bromophenol Blue (BPB) and hydrochloric acid were added to the solution. The solution was passed through a mixed cellulose ester membrane filter to retain an ion associate of CS+.BPB-. The retained ion associate was dissolved in a small volume of N,N-dimethylformamide together with the membrane filter, followed by the addition of triethanolamine to make the solution alkaline. The absorbance due to BPB2- was measured at 603 nm against a reagent blank. This method was applied to the determination of CS+ in river water and sediment. A cationic surfactant in sediments at 10(-5) mol kg-1 levels was detected with satisfactory precision. It was found that CS+ was about 500-fold enriched in the sediment from water at the place where domestic wastewater was discharged. 相似文献
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Juha Kekkonen Antti Laukkanen Per Stenius Heikki Tenhu 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2001,190(3):305-318
The objective of this study is to understand how adsorbed synthetic polymers affect deposition kinetics of dissolved and colloidal wood materials. The synthetic polymers were characterised by means of static and dynamic light scattering, and their adsorption on silica was studied by means of optical reflectometry. Deposition kinetics of colloidal wood resin, compounds in model process water, as well as adsorption of anionic carbohydrates was then studied on the surface layers formed by synthetic polymers. It was found that neither wood resin nor anionic carbohydrates have affinity for adsorbed polyethylene oxide. However, wood resin deposited readily on adsorbed cationic polyacryl amides. Both polyethylene oxide and cationic polyacryl amides formed multilayers with compounds in the model process water. 相似文献
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The anion exchange resin DOWEX 1x8-400 formate has been developed for the isolation or resin capture of carboxylic acids from solution phase reactions in a 96-well format using a batchwise solid phase extraction technique. Eleven different anion exchange resins (formate forms) were evaluated for their efficiency at scavenging aryl and aliphatic carboxylic acids from solution. The model carboxylic acids had pK(a)s ranging from 3.40 to 4.89. Exchange efficiency onto the resin was pK(a) dependent with the carboxylic acids but not with their diisopropylethylammonium salts. Exchange off of the resin also showed pK(a) dependence with the stronger acids requiring more concentrated solvent acid for exchange. DOWEX 1x8-400 formate was determined to have superior capacity and the fastest exchange rate. Solvents suitable for exchanging the acids onto the resin were CH2Cl2, methanol, and various solvent/water mixtures. Solvents suitable for exchanging the carboxylic acids off of the resin were TFA/solvent or HCO2H/solvent mixtures. The resin was found to swell best in CH2Cl2 and in polar protic solvents such as water, alcohols, and acids. Application of this technique to the crude product mixtures from an arrayed reductive amination and an arrayed Stille reaction provided product carboxylic acids in yields averaging 57% and purities averaging 89%. 相似文献
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Yoshimitsu Sakaguchi Kota Kitamura Satoshi Takase 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(22):4749-4755
Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) made of sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s consisted of 3,3′‐disulfo‐4,4′‐dichlorodiphenylsulfone disodium salt, 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile, and one of three dihydroxynaphthalene isomers (2,6‐, 2,7‐, and 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene, abbreviated as 2,6‐N, 2,7‐N, and 1,5‐N, respectively) were prepared with similar level of inherent viscosity and ion exchange capacity, and structural effect of the catenation in dihydroxynaphthalene isomers on membrane properties was compared. In the case of membranes for PEM fuel cell application with relatively high ion exchange capacity around 2.1 mequiv/g, three copolymers showed almost the same proton conductivity; however, swelling in water increased with the following order: 1,5‐N < 2,6‐N < 2,7N. In the case of direct methanol fuel cell membranes with lower ion exchange capacity around 1.5 mequiv/g, no remarkable difference in proton conductivity was also observed in three isomeric copolymers and swelling property and methanol permeability were lower in 1,5‐N and 2,6‐N copolymers than 2,7‐N copolymer. These tendencies show that higher rigidity or energy barrier for conformational change of polymer chain gives better performance of PEM for fuel cells with superior dimensional stability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
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以硅胶为核,马来海松酸丙烯酸乙二醇酯和甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,采用涂覆悬浮聚合法合成了核壳型SiO2@松香基阳离子交换树脂(SiO2@RCER),研究了其对水中微量Cd2+的静态吸附性能。结果表明,在Cd2+溶液浓度为0.5 mg·L-1,pH=6.0,温度为303 K,吸附剂用量为10 g·L-1时,Cd2+去除率可达到100%;SiO2@RCER对Cd2+的吸附符合准二级动力学方程以及Langmuir吸附等温线,表明吸附过程为单分子层化学吸附。吸附前后材料的XPS图谱表明:SiO2@RCER对Cd2+吸附主要涉及Na+以及溶液中的Cd2+的阳离子交换。该吸附剂在对Cd2+、Pb2+浓度超标的矿区废水吸附处理后,高毒重金属浓度均达到国家生活饮用水水源水质一级标准(CJ3020-93),其他离子浓度也有所降低。 相似文献
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Nathaniel T. Rebeck Yifan Li Daniel M. Knauss 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(24):1770-1778
Poly(phenylene oxide) block and random copolymers are synthesized by oxidative polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 2,6-diphenylphenol for potential alkaline exchange membrane application. The copolymers are functionalized on the methyl substituted repeat units through a two-step process to produce pendent quaternary ammonium cationic groups. The amount of quaternary ammonium cations and the ion exchange capacity are quantified through titration measurements. Ionic conductivity of the copolymer membranes is measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Block copolymers show increased bromide conductivity at higher ion exchange capacities compared with the random copolymer analogs. The bromide conductivity for a block copolymer film with an ion exchange capacity of 1.27 mequiv/g reaches 26 mS/cm at 90 °C and 95% relative humidity. The hydroxide conductivity for the same film was measured to be 84 mS/cm at 80 °C and 95% relative humidity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1770–1778, 2013 相似文献