芬苯达唑在石墨烯与[Bupy]PF_6复合修饰碳糊电极上的电化学性质及电分析方法研究

本文研究了芬苯达唑(Fenbendazole,FBZ)在石墨烯(RGO)与离子液体(N-丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐)复合修饰碳糊电极上的电催化氧化及电化学动力学性质。同时用CC法(计时库仑法)、计时电流法(CA)测定FBZ在RGO-[Bupy]PF6/CPE上的电极反应动力学参数,并用方波伏安法(SWV)测定FBZ氧化峰电流(Ip)与其浓度c在4.0×10-8~1.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程为Ip(μA)=1.471+5220.78c(10-3mol·L-1),R=0.9995,检测限(S/N=3)为1.4×10-9mol·L-1,在此基础上用SWV法对FBZ片剂中FBZ含量进行了电化学定量测定,RSD在0.2%~0.9%之间,回收率在99.0%~101.4%之间。     

组氨酸/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极循环伏安法测定痕量铜(Ⅱ)

依次用滴涂法和电化学方法将石墨烯和组氨酸修饰在玻碳电极表面,制备了组氨酸/石墨烯修饰的玻碳电极,将该电极用于循环伏安法测定铜(Ⅱ)。由于石墨烯良好的导电性能以及组氨酸的配位吸附效应,铜(Ⅱ)在该修饰电极上的氧化峰电流相对于裸玻碳电极上的显著增大。在最佳条件下,铜(Ⅱ)的浓度在2.30×10-8~3.06×10-5 mol·L-1范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为1.50×10-9 mol·L-1。此方法应用于实际样品中痕量铜(Ⅱ)的测定,加标回收率在94.0%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为2.0%,本法测定值与原子吸收光谱法测定值相符。     

石墨烯修饰玻碳电极用于循环伏安法测定盐酸表阿霉素

将石墨烯修饰在玻碳电极表面用于循环伏安法测定盐酸表阿霉素。在pH 4.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,在修饰电极上,盐酸表阿霉素在-0.382V处可见明显的氧化峰,且氧化峰电流比在裸玻碳电极上提高两倍以上。盐酸表阿霉素的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-7~1.0×10-6 mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.0×10-9 mol·L-1。方法用于盐酸表阿霉素注射液的测定,加标回收率在95.9%~97.7%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于2%。     

石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合膜修饰电极的制备及对双酚A的测定

采用电化学还原技术,通过一步电沉积制备了石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合膜修饰电极(ERGO-Au/GCE).采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和循环伏安(CV)法对修饰电极进行了表征,并研究了双酚A(BPA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,所制备的复合物修饰电极对双酚A有明显的电催化效果.在p H=6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,双酚A在0.3~1.0 V扫描电位范围内有1个不可逆的氧化还原峰出现.在优化的条件下,双酚A的浓度在3.00×10-8~1.30×10-5mol/L范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L(S/N=3).将该修饰电极用于饮用水和塑料制品中双酚A含量的测定,回收率为96.4%~103.5%.     

双酚A在介孔碳修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

采用壳聚糖(CTS)作为有序介孔碳的分散剂,制备了有序介孔碳修饰玻碳电极(OMC/CTS/GCE).用循环伏安法(CV)研究了环境激素双酚A在有序介孔碳修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,介孔碳修饰电极对双酚A有强烈的电催化作用,在pH 8.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,双酚A在0.479 V处有1个明显的氧化峰,峰电流与双酚A浓度在4.5×10-8～1.2×10-5 mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol·L-1(S/N=3,n=8).该法用于湖水样品中双酚A含量的测定,回收率为98%～104%,并与荧光法对照,测定结果吻合.     

ZnO/石墨烯修饰电极的制备及电化学性能研究

采用水热法合成了纳米氧化锌-氧化石墨烯复合材料,并基于该复合材料构制了一种新型双酚A传感器,研究了该传感器的电化学行为。结果表明,在含8.0×10-5mol/L CTAB的p H 7.0磷酸盐缓冲液中,双酚A在0.573V处出现1个不可逆的氧化峰,具有良好的电化学响应;其氧化峰电流与浓度在1.0×10-8~4.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-9mol/L;对模拟环境水样中双酚A进行3次平行测定的回收率在96.3%~101.9%之间,相对误差在1.2%~3.8%范围内。该传感器具有灵敏度高、线性范围宽的特点。     

石墨烯-纳米金复合物修饰电极用于异烟肼及抗坏血酸的同时测定

制备了石墨烯-纳米金(GR/Au)复合物修饰的玻碳电极,并将其用于异烟肼(INZ)和抗坏血酸(AA)的同时检测。在0.1 mol·L-1PBS(pH 3.5)缓冲溶液中,采用循环伏安法分别考察了INZ及AA的电化学行为。结果显示,INZ及AA的氧化峰电流均与扫速(50~300 mV·s-1)的平方根呈良好线性关系,且复合物修饰电极对INZ及AA的氧化显示出高的催化性能,二者之间产生明显的峰分离(ΔV=170 mV)。在最优实验条件下,当AA存在时,INZ的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10-6~1.5×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,其检出限为8.0×10-7mol·L-1。而当INZ存在时,AA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,其检出限为6.0×10-6mol·L-1。将此修饰电极用于药物中INZ及AA的测定,结果满意。     

水分散性石墨烯的制备及其电化学传感器在测定福莫特罗酒石酸盐中的应用

在碱性条件下用NaBH4还原氧化石墨烯(GO),成功制备水分散性良好的石墨烯。用制备的石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,并通过循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了福莫特罗酒石酸盐在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。优化DPV条件下,福莫特罗酒石酸盐的氧化峰电流与浓度在3.64×10-7~1.64×10-4 mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9978),检出限为7.89×10-8 mol·L-1。电化学测试结果表明,石墨烯修饰玻碳电极具有响应时间快、重现性和稳定性好的特点,可用于福莫特罗酒石酸盐的检测。     

聚酸性蓝62膜修饰电极对双酚A的电催化氧化及其应用

在玻碳电极上制备了聚合酸性蓝62(PAB)膜电极,并用于双酚A(BPA)的电化学测定。BPA在PAB膜修饰电极上产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,与裸电极相比,其峰电位负移100mV。氧化峰电流与BPA浓度在2.0×10-7～4.0×10-6 mol.L-1和8.0×10-6～2.0×10-4 mol.L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol.L-1。该法可用于实际样品中BPA的测定。     

聚组氨酸/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极测定曲克芦丁

将石墨烯涂覆在玻碳电极表面,制备了石墨烯/玻碳电极(Gr/GCE)。用循环伏安法(Cyclic voltammetry,CV)将组氨酸修饰在石墨烯/玻碳电极表面,制成了聚组氨酸/石墨烯玻碳电极(polyHiS/Gr/GCE)。用该修饰电极对曲克芦丁水解物进行电化学检测,实验表明,在最优条件下,该修饰电极对曲克芦丁水解物有显著的电催化作用,其氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-6~4.0×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为R=0.9996,检出限为1.25×10-6mol·L-1。此方法可应用于实际样品的测定。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.