新型N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺的合成

以2-溴苯胺和氰乙酸为原料,经N-烷基化、酰胺化和α-烷基化反应合成了4种新型的N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-取代基-2-氰基酰胺类化合物(5a~5d),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS表征。在最佳反应条件[N-甲基-N-(2-溴苯基)-2-氰基乙酰胺(3)1.7 mmol,n(3)∶n(溴乙烷)=1∶1,DMF为溶剂,Cs2CO3为碱,于室温反应6 h]下,5a收率83%。     

1-烷基-2-甲基咪唑衍生物的高效简便合成

本文优化了溴乙烷与2-甲基咪唑的N-烷基化反应条件,并且高收率地合成了一系列具有抗菌活性的1-烷基-2-甲基咪唑衍生物。     

1,2-二甲基咪唑啉的合成及表征

对1,2-二甲基咪唑啉的合成进行了详细研究. 以甲胺水溶液和2-溴乙胺氢溴酸盐(1)为原料进行反应, 在两种原料物质的量之比为5∶1, 缓缓回流12 h的条件下, 得到N-甲基乙二胺(2), N-甲基乙二胺经过乙酸化得到N-甲基-N,N′-二乙酰基乙二胺(3), 然后, N-甲基-N,N′-二乙酰基乙二胺和氧化钙在高温下关环得到1,2-二甲基咪唑啉(4). 并对所得到的产物1,2-二甲基咪唑啉经元素分析, 1H NMR, IR和GC-MS得到了表征.     

2-二氟溴甲基-1,3-苯并噻唑的简便合成

本文应用二氟溴乙酸作为二氟溴甲基的合成子,实现了2 巯基芳胺与二氟溴乙酸的缩合反应合成2-二氟溴甲基-1,3-苯并噻唑。该反应以5当量二氟溴乙酸,氯苯为溶剂,于100 ℃下与2-巯基芳胺反应18~40 h,产率高达88%。目标产物通过核磁共振和高分辨质谱表征。该反应条件温和,是对现有合成2-二氟溴甲基-1,3-苯并噻唑的良好补充。     

高效液相色谱法测定咪唑生产工艺中反应液中咪唑及2种杂质2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)外标定量分析咪唑生产工艺中反应液中咪唑及杂质2-甲基咪唑和4-甲基咪唑含量的方法。在色谱分析中,选用Supersil-ODS-B色谱柱为固定相;选用体积比为40∶60的乙腈-离子对试剂(溶液pH为3.5,内含16 mmol·L~(-1)十二烷基硫酸钠和17mmol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾)溶液为流动相进行等度洗脱;采用二极管阵列检测器进行检测,检测波长为210nm。结果显示:咪唑、2-甲基咪唑及4-甲基咪唑标准曲线的线性范围均为10～100mg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)分别为0.02,0.02,0.03mg·L~(-1)。咪唑在20mg·L~(-1)和100mg·L~(-1)添加水平下的平均加标回收率分别为100%,99.2%,相对标准偏差(n=8)为0.27%。用本方法对同一批反应液不同反应阶段的9个样品中咪唑进行了测定,测定值为10.11%～10.71%;杂质2-甲基咪唑有检出,但低于测定下限;杂质4-甲基咪唑未检出。与气相色谱法进行了比对,两者测定结果基本一致。试验结果表明,该方法准确度好、灵敏度高、重现性好,能够准确测定咪唑生产工艺中反应液中咪唑、2-甲基咪唑及4-甲基咪唑的含量。     

8-溴-6-甲基-2-(1-吡咯烷基羰基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶的合成及晶体结构

以2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶为原料,经溴代、环合、水解及酰胺化反应合成了8-溴-6-甲基-2-(1-吡咯烷基羰基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶,总收率32.82%,其结构经1H-NMR和MS确证,并用X-单晶衍射法测定了其晶体结构。结果表明:待测物块状晶体a(CCDC:2039002)属三斜晶系,空间群P-1,晶胞参数a=6.3447(2)?,b=8.6251(3)?,c=11.4553(4)?,β=88.2300(10)o,V=624.47(4)?3,Z=2, Rgt(F)=0.0261,ωRref(F2)=0.0637,F(000)=314,μ=3.283 mm-1。该路线反应条件温和、后处理简便且收率较高,适合工业化生产。     

2α-甲基-2β-溴甲基青霉烷酸二苯甲酯的合成

以6,6-二氢青霉烷酸二苯甲酯-1-氧化物(Ⅰ)和2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,通过热裂解开环反应和溴代环合反应,制备得到了β-内酰胺酶抑制剂他唑巴坦关键中间体2α-甲基-2β-溴甲基青霉烷酸二苯甲酯(Ⅲ)。考察了反应温度、反应时间、物料比、催化剂用量对目标产物的影响。结果表明,在n(Ⅱ)∶n(HBr)∶n(Na NO_2)=1∶3∶6,催化剂质量分数为4%,-5℃反应2. 5h的条件下,收率为85. 4%。产物结构经1HNMR、FTIR、MS等技术手段得到验证。     

5-取代-2-羟甲基苯酚衍生物的合成及 体外抗肿瘤活性研究

以2-羟基-4-甲基苯甲酸为原料, 经过丙酮叉保护、NBS溴代制得中间体7-(溴甲基)-2,2-二甲基-4H-苯并[d][1,3]二氧六环-4-酮（4）,再分别和两种杂环仲胺发生N-烷基化反应制得化合物5a-b,最后经过四氢铝锂还原得到目标化合物1a-b,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和ESI-MS进行表征。同时,考察了N-烷基化反应和还原反应的反应条件,确定了N-烷基化反应的最佳条件为：物料比为n（吡唑）: n（化合物4）= 1.2 : 1;K2CO3用量为n（K2CO3）: n（化合物4）= 2.0 : 1;50℃反应5 h。最佳还原反应条件为：LiAlH4用量为n（LiAlH4）: n（化合物5a）= 1.2 : 1,-75℃反应时间为1.0 h。此外,采用了MTT法测试了所合成的化合物1a-b对HepG2,HeLa,MCF-7,A5494四种肿瘤细胞以及正常宫颈上皮细胞HUCEC的体外抑制活性。结果表明,目标化合物1a-b对HeLa细胞展现出了明显的抑制作用,其IC50分别为18.4和10.6 μmol ? L-1,而对正常的HUCEC没有抑制活性。这些结果有望为进一步开发具有抗肿瘤活性的2-羟甲基苯酚衍生物提供参考。     

新型含2,4-咪唑啉二酮的4-甲基-3-苯基-2-酰亚胺噻唑啉的合成及生物活性

通过酰氯制备异硫氰酸酯,与5-(4-氨基苄基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮反应合成了含2,4-咪唑啉二酮的N-苯甲酰基-N'-苯基硫脲,然后在三乙胺存在下再与溴丙酮发生碱催化缩合反应以中等以上收率合成了新型含2,4-咪唑啉二酮的4-甲基-3-苯基-2-酰亚胺噻唑啉,它们的化学结构经1H NMR,IR,HR-ESI-MS和化合物3g和4g的X-ray单晶衍射表征,硫脲与溴丙酮的反应机理通过化合物3g和4g的晶体结构得到进一步确证.初步生物活性测定结果表明:部分目标化合物对供试昆虫及菌种显现出良好的抑制活性,如在200 mg/L浓度下化合物3i和4q对小菜蛾的死亡率分别为86%和100%,在50 mg/L浓度下化合物4n对油菜菌核菌的抑制率为82.6%,而它们对油菜和稗草显示出微弱但并不特征的除草活性.     

2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮在Br(o)nsted酸性功能化离子液体中的微波合成

以N-甲基咪唑、吡啶为起始原料,合成了二种新型Br(o)nsted酸性功能化离子液体:1-(4-磺酸基)苄基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢根盐(3a),N-(4-磺酸基)苄基吡啶硫酸氢根盐(3b),以其作为反应介质与催化剂,研究了2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮的三组分、一锅法微波合成.结果表明,当n(2-氨基苯甲酸):n(酰氯):n(乙酸铵):n(3a或3b)=1:1.2:1.5:0.1时,反应6 min即可完成,产率81%～95%.离子液体经减压蒸馏、真空干燥可重复使用3次,催化活性基本保持不变.     

新型离子型尾式乙基咪唑基卟啉化合物的合成与表征

通过不对称的单羟基卟啉化合物、二溴烷烃、咪唑和溴乙烷反应,合成了一种新型的离子型尾式卟啉化合物——溴化5-对{4-[1-(3-乙基)-咪唑基]丁氧基}苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉(Et-ImBPTPP)Br,并采用质谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱、热重分析、元素分析、能谱和核磁共振氢谱对该化合物进行了结构表征。     

The mechanisms of the formation of by-products in the catalytic synthesis of C-alkylimidazoles from diamines and carboxylic acids

The formation of 1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole (1-Et-2-MI) and 1-ethyl-2-methylimidazoline (1-Et-2-MIN), intermediates in the synthesis of 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) from ethylenediamine (EDA) and AcOH in the presence of a platinum-on-alumina catalyst, was studied. Using CH₃ ¹⁴COOH the incorporation of two acetate units into 1-Et-2-MI and 1-Et-2-MIN molecules was demonstrated. The same products were also obtained on dehydrogenation of 2-methylimidazoline (2-MIN) under mild conditions (220–230 °C). A part of the latter is transformed to N-ethyl ethylendiamine (EEDA) and EDA. These facts indicate that both 1-Et-2-MI and 1-Et-2-MIN result from hydrogenolysis of the imidazoline ring with subsequent ethylation. A reverse reaction, the C₅-cyclization of EEDA, was also observed. The formation of 2-MI is favored by increasing temperature.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 937–940, May, 1993.     

Coordination compounds of imidazoles with rhodium halides

Summary Compounds of the types [RhL₆](BF₄)₃, [RhL₅X](BF₄)₂ (L=1-methylimidazole), [RhL₄X₂]X (L=1-methylimidazole, 1-nbutylimidazole, 1-vinylimidazole, 1-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-isopropylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4(5)-methylimidazole; X=Cl or Br) and [RhL₄X₂]BF₄ (L = 1-n-butylimidazole, 1-vinylimidazole, 1-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-isopropylimidazole and 1,2-dimethylimidazole) have been prepared and characterized by conductivity measurements, i.r. and¹H n.m.r. spectral studies. Analytical data agree with the monodentate nature of the ligands while a strongv(Rh-X) frequency reveals that the halogens aretrans to each other. The compounds also reveal d-d transition bands atca. 24000–22000 cm^–1 in the visible region.     

A polydentate ligand based on 2,2’-dipyridylamine unit linked benzo-15-crown-5; alkali and transition metal complexes; photoresponsive ligand; antimicrobial evaluation against pathogenic microorganisms

Transition Metal Chemistry - New double-armed benzo-15-crown-5 compound (L) was successfully synthesized from 4’,5’-bis(bromethyl)benzo-15-crown-5 with 2,2’-dipyridylamine. The...     

Individual and joint kinetic fluorometric determination of imidazole and 4-methylimidazole

The oxidation of 1,1,3-tricyano-2-amino-1-propene in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and copper is favored by imidazole, 4-methylimidazole, or any other compound possessing the imidazole ring. This fluorescent reaction has been used for the individual determination of imidazole and 4-methylimidazole at 10⁻⁵M level by application of several kinetic methods (tangent, fixed-time, and maximum fluorescence intensity) with a precision (%RSD) of about ±1%. A differential-rate principle allows the determination of binary mixtures of both compounds, which is subject to synergistic effects. Mixtures of imidazole and 4-methylimidazole in ratios between 1:1 and 1:9 have been resolved with a %RSD of ±7.1% for imidazole and ±3.1% for 4-methylimidazole.     

手性锌卟啉的非线性光学性质及对咪唑类客体分子识别的构象研究

在纳秒(ns)领域中，利用Z-扫描技术测定了Zn(o-BocTyr)TAPP(主体1)和Zn(p-BocTyr)TAPP(主体2)两种手性锌卟啉的三阶非线性光学性质以及对咪唑类客体的分子识别行为的构象研究. 结果表明，(1) 两种手性锌卟啉都具有反饱和吸收效应和自散焦效应；(2) 由于两种主体中侧链位置的差异，造成两种主体分子极化程度的不同，主体1具有较大的三阶非线性折射率(n2)值；(3) 主体1中侧链苯环与卟啉环之间存在一定的相互作用；(4) 分子识别出现了配位方向的选择性，客体咪唑(Im)与主体1侧链中的苯环能够形成π-π相互作用，选择从有侧链一方配位于主体1，而2-甲基咪唑(2-MeIm)选择从没有侧链一方进攻主体1，但对于主体2，则没有出现配位方向的选择性.     

A Simple Synthesis of Stable Phosphoranes Derived from Imidazole Derivatives

Stable crystalline phosphorus ylides were obtained in excellent yields from the 1:1:1 addition reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, in the presence of strong NH-acids, such as imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, benzimidazole, and 5,6-dimethylbezimidazole. These stable ylides exist in solution as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon–carbon partial double bond resulting from the conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group.     

室温离子液体EMIES的标准生成焓

在(298.15 ±0.01) K下用转动弹热量计测定了离子液体硫酸乙酯-1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑(EMIES)及合成它的原料1-甲基咪唑的恒容燃烧热,通过计算得到它们的标准燃烧焓 分别为(－2671±2) 和(－286.3±0.5) kJ·mol－1;标准生成焓 分别为(－3060±3) kJ·mol－1和(－2145±4) kJ·mol－1.结合文献上硫酸二乙酯的标准生成焓数据,得到了合成离子液体EMIES的反应热(－102.3±1.0) kJ·mol－1,与合成实验中观察到的强烈放热现象是一致的.根据离子液体EMIES的热容数据,计算了不同温度下EMIES的标准生成焓.     

Effect of lead poisoning on the thiamine status and function in liver and blood of rats

Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a thiamine deficient diet, which was supplemented by daily subcutaneous injections of a minimum requirement of thiamine, and treated with lead(II) acetate in different molar ratios to thiamine (1:1, 2:1, 10:1) for 5 and 9 months, respectively. The prolonged administration of lead(II) acetate decreases the thiamine level in lead-treated rats and diminishes the enzymatic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase as well as that of transketolase. The thiamine level in the liver decreased by 30 to 40% compared with a reference group and the activity of the erythrocyte transketolase diminished by 5 to 40%. The level of the blood pyruvate increased by about 20% and the rate of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by liver mitochondria decreased.     

Compounds of palladium halides with substituted imidazoles

Summary Compounds of the type PdL₂X₂ (L=1-methylimidazole, 1-vinylimidazole, 1-n-butylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 1-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole, 2-isopropyl-4(5)-nitroimidazole and 2-methyl-4(5)-nitro-imidazole; X=Cl or Br) are obtained by treating PdX₂ (1 mole) with solutions of the ligands L (2 moles). An excess of L gives PdL₄X₂ complexes (L=1-methylimidazole, 1-vinylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole and 1-vinyl-2-methylimidazole). The compounds were characterized by chemical analyses, molar conductivity measurements and i.r. spectra.