B-TS-1分子筛的合成及其催化氧化性能

通过将杂原子B引入钛硅-1（TS-1）分子筛对其进行改性,并研究其催化氧化性能。结果发现,B-TS-1明显延长了环己酮氨肟化反应运行寿命。结合氨肟化体系催化剂失活主要原因以及反应体系H₂O₂反应路径,分析表明,H₂O₂是控制TS-1/H₂O₂氨肟化体系副反应发生的关键,并且有机副产物是导致催化剂堵孔失活的重要原因。本文提出B-TS-1能有效控制体系H₂O₂残留,从而进一步抑制副反应发生与积碳生成以延长催化剂寿命。结合Al-TS-1的催化特性,发现同时引入适量B、Al的B/Al-TS-1具有进一步提高环己酮肟化反应稳定性的作用。     

5,5,8aβ-三甲基-6β-羟基-反八氢-1-萘酮的合成及在Phenylspirodrimane类混源萜天然产物骨架构建中的应用

以(E)-5,9-二甲基-4,8-癸二烯酸乙酯为原料, 发展了一种合成5,5,8aβ-三甲基-6β-羟基-反八氢-1-萘酮(1)的新方法, 并将其成功应用于phenylspirodrimane类混源萜天然产物骨架的构建. 对合成过程中所涉及的关键反应如区域选择性环氧化和Cp₂TiCl催化的自由基串联环合反应进行了优化. 所合成化合物的结构均通过核磁共振波谱(NMR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)进行了表征和确认.     

超声波促进新型N-羧基吡咯衍生物的合成

以乙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料,在金属钠和碘催化下制得二乙酰琥珀酸二乙酯;在超声波促进下,氨基酸与二乙酰基琥珀酸二乙酯发生缩合反应,合成了7个新型的N-羧基吡咯衍生物,产率70%～84%,其结构经¹H NMR, IR和MS（ESI）表征。     

富氮多孔有机聚合物催化制备α⁃氰基肉桂酸乙酯

α-氰基肉桂酸乙酯作为含多种官能团的缺电子烯烃, 是一种极具应用价值的有机合成反应底物, 主要通过催化Knoevenagel缩合反应获得. 本文以多聚甲醛和三聚氰胺为前驱体, 采用溶剂热法制备富氮多孔有机聚合物mPMF, 经K₂CO₃处理得到K₂CO₃-mPMF-X(X=1, 10, 50). 考察了mPMF在苯甲醛和氰乙酸乙酯Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能, 通过mPMF与K₂CO₃-mPMF-X催化活性的比较, 探讨了碱性强弱对Knoevenagel缩合反应的影响, 并对催化反应机理进行了探索. 结果表明, 催化剂中丰富的氮物种为反应提供了碱性环境和大量的碱性活性位点, 催化剂碱性强弱的控制是催化合成α-氰基肉桂酸乙酯的关键因素. mPMF在甲醇溶剂中于60 ℃反应3 h后, 苯甲醛转化率为97%, 目标产物选择性在99.9%以上.     

星状多臂共聚物h-PCMS-g-PEMA-b-PMMA的合成

在CuCl/bpy催化体系下,通过对氯甲基苯乙烯（CMS）自引发制得球状超支化聚对氯甲基苯乙烯（h-PCMS）,再以h-PCMS作为大分子引发剂,通过两步原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）成功在球状h-PCMS表面接枝二嵌段聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PEMA-b-PMMA）,合成了星状多臂共聚物h-PCMS₂₇₀₀-g-PEMA₄₁₀₀₀-b-PMMA₁₅₀₀₀（下标为分子量）,分子量分布为1.6,其结构和性能经¹H NMR、 IR、 GPC和DSC表征。通过¹H NMR定量分析表明,h-PCMS中的苄基氯具有活性,可进一步引发接枝反应,次苄基氯不能引发ATRP反应。在每一个h-PCMS表面有接近三分之一的苄基氯参与接枝反应,接枝臂数为6。     

3αR-苄基-1-(叔丁基)氧羰基-2-甲基-4,5,6,7-四氢-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-(3H)-酮的合成

在O-烯丙基-N-9-蒽甲基溴化辛可宁的催化下,1-苄基-3-乙氧羰基-4-哌啶酮与溴化苄经不对称苄基化反应制得(R)-1,3-二苄基-4-氧代哌啶-3-甲酸乙酯(3); 3脱除Bn保护基并经Boc保护转化为(R)-3-苄基-1-(叔丁基)氧羰基-4-氧代哌啶-3-甲酸乙酯(5); 5与甲基肼在乙醇中经环化反应合成了Capromorelin的关键中间体3αR-苄基-1-(叔丁基)氧羰基-2-甲基-4,5,6,7-四氢-2H-吡唑并[4,3-c]吡啶-3-(3H)-酮,收率70%, ee值69.1%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI）确证。     

甲基酮的二氟同系化-卤化反应:一锅法合成β-卤代-α,α-二氟代酮

以（溴二氟甲基）三甲基硅烷（TMSCF₂Br）为二氟卡宾源,利用其兼具TMS转移特性及自活化特性,仅在催化量的n-Bu₄NBr的催化启动下,直接完成甲基酮的烯醇化-二氟环丙烷化反应以及与卤正离子的开环卤化反应,并使用卤负离子作为卤源,采用其原位氧化形成卤正离子的方法实现了偕二氟环丙烷硅醚的开环-卤化,合成了β-卤代-α,α-二氟代酮类物质.     

过渡金属甲基磺酸盐催化醇的四氢吡喃化反应

以过渡金属甲基磺酸盐［Mn(CH₃SO₃)₂·2H₂O, Cu(CH₃SO₃)₂·4H₂O, Co(CH₃SO₃)₂·4H₂O和Zn(CH₃SO₃)₂·4H₂O］为催化剂,在室温条件下催化醇的四氢吡喃化反应,并对反应条件进行了优化。结果表明：当醇用量为30 mmol,醇和3,4-二氢吡喃摩尔比为1.0 ：1.1,甲基磺酸盐用量为1 mmol,二氯甲烷20 mL时,可高效催化醇的四氢吡喃化反应。与路易斯酸催化活性相比,过渡金属甲基磺酸盐催化醇的四氢吡喃化反应效果最好,催化酚的效果较差。用Mn(CH₃SO₃)₂·2H₂O和Cu(CH₃SO₃)₂·4H₂O催化正丁醇的四氢吡喃化反应,重复使用5次,收率分别为89%和92%。     

曙红催化的缩醛化反应研究

以醇溶性曙红为催化剂,在温和条件下高效催化缩醛化反应,该催化体系适应于不同种类的脂肪醛或芳香醛与短链一元醇或二元醇的羰醇缩合反应,于室温反应24 h,缩醛化产物收率58%~99%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS确证。     

薄层色谱法测定聚苯乙烯的溶解度参数

本文采用薄层色谱法测定了聚苯乙烯的溶解度参数,其数值为9.10(cal/cm³)^1/2,这个结果和文献中其它方法所得的结果甚为一致,而这个方法却比文献中其它测定高分子溶解度参数的方法既方便又简单,所以这是一种测定高分子溶解度参数的较好方法。     

微波条件下固体酸催化剂催化酯化生物油的研究

以乙醇和乙酸的酯化作为反应模型,考察固体酸催化剂阳离子交换树脂、SO₄²-/ZrO₂和分子筛在微波加热条件下的酯化活性。结果表明,三类固体酸催化剂的活性顺序为Amberlite树脂﹥SO₄²-/ZrO₂﹥HZSM-5,催化剂活性与酸度一致;酯化反应中水的含量对催化剂的活性有不同程度的影响,水含量较高时催化剂SO₄²-/ZrO₂酯化活性明显变差,而阳离子交换树脂仍具有较高的酯化活性。采用阳离子交换树脂对生物油进行微波催化酯化提质后,原生物油中含有的大量不同种类的羧酸被有效地转化成各种酯类,酯类化合物由原油中的4种增加到13种。与传统加热条件下生物油催化提质比较,生物油微波提质具有明显优势,提质后生物油组分得到优化。     

Purification of long-chain fatty acid ester of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) was modified by catalytic esterification with hexadecanoyl chloride. A long-chain fatty acid ester derivative was obtained from the purification of this reaction product by high-speedcounter-current chromatography using a solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:1:1:1, v/v). The structure of the derivative, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate-4'-hexadecanate, was elucidated by IR, MS and 1H NMR.     

Esterification of free fatty acids (Biodiesel) using nano sulfated-titania as catalyst in solvent-free conditions

Nano sulfated titania was tested as catalyst for esterification of free fatty acids, specially methanolic and ethanolic esterification of stearic acid (biodiesels). Factorial design evidenced a positive effect of reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, and solvents on ester conversion. This nano-sized sulfated titania has been prepared by a sol-gel hydrothermal process. This prepared sulfated titania showed high catalytic activity in direct esterification of fatty acids as well as benzoic acids with various alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions. This method is of great value because of its environmentally benign character, easy handling, high yields, convenient operation, and green. FT-IR studies are shown that the catalyst can be reused for acylation without loss of catalytic activity.     

Esterification of Oleic Acid to Produce Biodiesel over 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid Anchored Two-dimensional Zeolite

Biodiesel has emerged as a non-toxic, biodegradable, and renewable fuel substitute that can be readily produced via the esterification reaction of free fatty acids. The present work explores the potential of 12-tungstophosphoric acid(TPA) anchored two-dimensional(2D) ITQ-2 zeolite(TPA/ITQ-2) as heterogeneous acid catalysts for biodiesel production. TPA/ITQ-2 material was prepared by swelling, delamination, and subsequent wetness incipient impregnation approach. The prepared catalysts were comprehensively characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption/desorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, flou-rier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic activity of TPA/ITQ-2 for biodiesel production was evaluated by the esterification reaction of oleate acid with methanol. Process parameters, such as reactant molar ratio and TPA loading were optimized. Due to the superior mass transfer and adequate stable acid sites, 2D TPA/ITQ-2 showed a higher catalytic activity and a better recyclable stability than the 3D and layered TPA/zeolites. This work will provide new opportunities for the design of 2D zeolite-based acid catalysts for biodiesel production.     

Morphological silica-supported acid catalyst for esterification of aliphatic fatty acid

Abstract

Silica-supported acid catalysts were synthesized and characterized for composition, morphology, particle size distribution, and crystallinity. The catalysts are used for the esterification of long-chain aliphatic acids with alcohol to produce the corresponding ester. Process parameters such as time, temperature, and solvent ratio influence the conversion of fatty acid to ester. A supported catalyst was found to show higher catalytic activity as compared to the conventional sulfuric acid catalyst.     

A high yield method for the direct amidation of long-chain fatty acids

The amidation of long-chain fatty acids is the key step for preparing surfactants with excellent interfacial activity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed to detect the reactants and products in the direct amidation reactions. The conversion and the concentration of the amides in the reaction process were also investigated to determine the best catalyst, the reaction rate constants, and activation energy. It was identified that the amidation reaction of the long-chain phenyl fatty acid was a zero-order reaction and 3,4,5-trifluorophenylboronic acid was the most effective catalyst by which the activation energy reduced to 55.79 kJ/mol from 95.44 kJ/mol. The method can be applied to other long-chain fatty acids, saturated or unsatureated. The turning-over-temperature was 156°C, over which high yields can be achieved without any catalyst. These provide a reference for the preparation of long-chain fatty acid amides.     

亚铁锌双金属氰化络合物固体催化剂催化合成生物柴油

Fe(Ⅱ)-Zn双金属氰化络合物固体催化剂用于一步催化酯交换和酯化反应制备生物柴油,具有易分离、流程简单,不受水毒性影响的优点。将水溶性金属氰化络合物亚铁氰化钾和金属化合物氯化锌反应,并结合有机配体叔丁醇制备了基于亚铁氰化锌的双金属氰化物络合物(DMC)。并研究了DMC固体催化剂催化菜籽油合成生物柴油过程中,助络合剂种类、催化剂用量、反应温度、醇油摩尔比、反应时间、体系中水和脂肪酸含量等因素对反应过程的影响。研究结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,甲酯产率最高可达98%。催化剂可循环使用,6次循环使用后回收率仍达93.45%,适宜工业化生产。     

Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils and Animal Fat over Solid Acid Double-Metal Cyanide Catalysts

Biodiesel comprises of fatty acid alkyl esters prepared from vegetable oils or animal fat by esterification/transesterification with short-chain alcohols (methanol or ethanol, for example). It is a biodegradable renewable fuel. Its production is growing exponentially due to greater concerns about environmental protection and depletion of fossil fuel resources. Further, its production from non-edible oils and animal fat is more desirable than from edible oils due to lower cost of non-edible feedstocks and elimination of food verses fuel issues. Solid acid catalysts are ideal for conversion of such low-grade oils to biodiesel. Biodiesel from non-edible oils can be produced by two methods: (1) simultaneous esterification of fatty acids and transesterification of fatty acid glycerides and (2) hydrolysis of glycerides followed by esterification. This account reports the catalytic performance of solid, Fe–Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes and other acid catalysts in these transformations for biodiesel production. The factors influencing the catalytic performance of the solid acid catalysts in biodiesel production are discussed.     

强酸性离子交换树脂催化合成联苯乙酸乙酯

考察了几种强酸性离子交换树脂对联苯乙酸酯化反应的活性,结果表明,D001-CC型号的强酸性离子交换树脂对合成联苯乙酸乙酯的反应催化活性高,联苯乙酸的转化率可达88.7%,同时它的回收容易,重复使用性能好。同时考察了反应条件对酯化反应收率的影响,获得了该反应的优化条件。     

Rapid access to structured triacylglycerols acylated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for nutritional applications

In order to better understand the metabolic fate of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), an efficient access to symmetrical and unsymmetrical triacylglycerols (TGs), esterified with PUFAs, with known high purity, is required. In this context, we optimized the esterification of a mixture of glycerols protected as dioxane and dioxolane with PUFAs. The kinetics of this reaction depends on various factors, such as the fatty acid chain length and the stereochemistry of the dioxane. Then, one-pot acetal hydrolysis and esterification of hydroxyl groups led to the desired structured TGs without either double bond isomerization or acyl migration (except when symmetrical TGs are acylated with long-chain saturated fatty acids in external positions). PUFAs location on the glycerol backbone was assayed by NMR, HPLC and pancreatic lipase hydrolysis.