湟水河西宁段表层沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及其物源分析

采样测定了湟水河西宁段表层沉积物28个样品的14种稀土元素地球化学含量,分析其含量、特征参数及配分模式,探讨其影响因素及物质来源。结果表明：湟水河西宁段表层沉积物中稀土元素总含量为89.75～217.58 mg·kg^-1,平均值为153.56 mg·kg^-1;28个样品的稀土元素含量变化较为一致,组成特征变化较小,轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,Eu呈中等程度亏损,Ce呈无异常;沉积岩源岩及矿物组成对湟水河西宁段表层沉积物中稀土元素的组成起到控制作用,化学风化对稀土元素的组成无影响;湟水河西宁段表层沉积物的稀土元素特征参数、大陆上地壳和球粒陨石标准化配分模式与青海土壤、黄河沉积物接近,暗示了湟水河西宁段表层沉积物中稀土元素主要来源于湟水河河流侵蚀搬运物,同时其为黄河沉积物中稀土元素提供部分物源。     

北黄海中部晚第四纪沉积物来源的稀土元素示踪

对北黄海中部DLC70-2孔166个沉积物样品进行了稀土元素测定,结合粒度参数研究,以探讨北黄海中部DLC70-2孔稀土元素地球化学特征和物质来源。结果表明:DLC70-2孔岩心稀土元素分布特征分别反映了末次间冰期(暖期)晚期以来北黄海海面波动以及沉积物物源的变化。判别函数和稀土元素配分模式表明北黄海DLC70-2孔沉积物物源主要为黄河源和鸭绿江源。La/Yb判别图解揭示DLC70-2孔上部0~32.10 m和下部37.60~60.72 m沉积物以黄河源为主,中部32.10~37.60 m和底部60.72~70.45 m沉积物以鸭绿江源为主。研究表明晚更新世以来黄河对北黄海中部沉积起着重要作用,而鸭绿江物质对北黄海中部沉积作用也有明显影响。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱研究洪湖湿地沉积柱中元素纵向分布

采集洪湖湿地两个具有代表性的湖底沉积柱进行对比,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）考察了沉积柱中微量元素及稀土元素的纵向分布特征。不同簇类的微量元素在两个沉积柱中呈现不同的纵向分布特征,微量元素富集层位存在明显的差异,表明沉积柱中微量元素的富集与沉积环境相关,直接受长江水流和交换影响的沉积柱（S1）比受洪湖湿地自身演变影响的沉积柱（S2）有更接近表层的富集层位。两个沉积柱纵向的稀土元素配分曲线呈现相似的分布特性,但分散程度不同,表明其具有相同的物源、不同的沉积环境。沉积柱中微量元素及稀土元素的纵向分布特征可以直接记录人类现代工农业活动对洪湖湿地的影响。     

三亚近岸海域表层沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及物源分析

为充分了解三亚海岸带表层沉积物的物源状况,对三亚近岸海域331个站位表层沉积物的稀土元素进行了分析。结果表明:研究区表层沉积物稀土元素含量略低于南海大陆架和南海全区表层沉积物的平均水平,∑REE含量分布特征与沉积物粒径有很好的相关性,符合"元素粒度控制律";δEu值也与沉积物粒度有关,与Mz(Φ)为较显著的负相关关系。研究区稀土元素的特征参数呈明显的陆源特征,通过对本区稀土元素的特征参数及稀土元素球粒陨石、上陆壳(UCC)标准化配分模式综合判断,本区表层沉积物物源应主要以三亚近岸河流输入和沿岸侵蚀物为主,此外还有少量的自生生源沉积。     

稀土元素在长江口及邻近陆架表层沉积物中的分布及物源示踪研究

长江口邻近陆架表层沉积物中稀土元素含量及组成表明其主要来源为中国大陆陆源物质.轻重稀土元素比值对于区分长江和黄河流域来源物质具有一定的示踪意义,古黄河三角洲以较低的轻重稀土元素比值为特征,而长江来源物质以相对较高的轻重稀土比值为特征,沉积物粒度和Cl含量不是控制沉积区内稀土元素分馏的主要因素.通过聚类分析将研究区域划分为长江口近岸区和东海北部陆架区两个分区,黄海沿岸流、长江冲淡水以及台湾暖流是造成分区的关键水动力因素.分区内常量和微量元素以及同位素组成皆表现为不同程度差异,长江口近岸区化学组成和长江流域物质基本一致,东海北部陆架区与黄河流域物质比较接近.     

粘土矿物对低浓度镧、钕的吸附性研究

采用振荡平衡法,对高岭土、膨润土、凹凸棒石等3种不同类型的粘土矿物进行低浓度稀土元素镧、钕的吸附试验;通过ICP测定培养溶液的平衡浓度和吸附量,绘制各自的等温吸附曲线并拟合吸附热力学方程.得出 Langmuir方程能较好地描述低浓度条件下3种粘土矿物对稀土元素(La,Nd)的等温吸附过程;发现3种粘土矿物对稀土元素(La,Nd)的吸附性能大小排序为:膨润土＞凹凸棒石＞高岭土,吸附性能表现的差异性主要由粘土矿物自身的晶层结构决定.     

东海内陆架沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及物源意义

对位于东海内陆架浙.闽沿岸泥质带的EC2005孔进行了岩性、粒度、稀土元素以及AMS14C年代分析,探讨了研究区自末次冰消期以来的物源变化及其原因.该孔岩性、粒度和稀土元素含量垂向上变化较大,平均粒径变化范围为8-121 μm,∑REE为152.8～227.9μg·g-1.沉积物球粒陨石和世界页岩标准化配分模式均表明研究区物质的陆源属性.根据稀土元素配分模式、稀土内部分馏差异以及与平均粒径的关系,分析认为,研究区17.3～12.3 kaBP期间主要物质来源是湖盆流域物质;12.3～9.8 ka BP是以湖盆流域物质为主向长江物质为主转变的过渡阶段;自大约10～9.8 ka BP开始,长江物质对研究区形成了主导.海平面的升高以及沿岸流的形成是物质来源发生变化的重要原因.     

镧、铈、钕在722M24钢离子氮化中的作用

将纯稀土金属镧、铈、钕分别放入离子氮化炉中作为溅射源,对722M24钢进行离子氮化,用扫描电镜进行了氮化代表层物相的二次电子象观察,并用能谱仪、二次离子质谱仪、X射线衍射仪和辉光放电光谱仪对氮化表层进行了元素分析及物相结构分析,显微硬度计测量了加不同稀土氮化后沿氮化层的分布,稀土元素在不同程度上影响辉光发电特笥,稀土金属离子氮化时部分溅射并沉积在钢的表面,从而影响了氮化效果,不同稀土元素在离子氮化中的作用有所不同。     

高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定煤中稀土元素

煤作为有机物与无机物的复杂混合物,含有多种微量元素,不同的微量元素信息代表不同的地质意义,稀土元素可以提供丰富的沉积环境与物源信息。采用高压消解罐,选用硝酸和氢氟酸混合酸消解样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定16种稀土元素的方法。讨论了样品量、消解试剂、质谱干扰等影响因素,各元素的方法检出限在0.001～0.016μg/g,NIST SRD 1632d煤标准样品实测值和标准值一致,标准样品测定结果与实测样品结果相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于5%,可满足煤中稀土元素的准确测定,为煤类样品中稀土元素测定提供了新的参考方法。     

岩溶地下河系统中表层土壤稀土元素含量及分布特征

以桂林寨底地下河系统中表层土壤为研究对象,采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)进行稀土元素测试分析,开展了稀土元素地球化学研究,研究结果表明:研究区内土壤稀土元素总量∑REE分布范围为117.82~451.98μg·g~(-1),平均为312.30μg·g~(-1),变化范围属中等分异型,高于中国大陆的土壤稀土元素总量背景值。轻稀土总量LREE高于中国大陆土壤LREE背景值,重稀土总量HREE略低于中国大陆土壤HREE背景值。LREE/HREE平均值为7.86,与北美页岩LREE/HREE值7.47相接近。土壤样品的北美页岩标准化曲线具有略轻稀土富集的右倾特征,Ce和Eu均表现出微弱的负异常特征,与研究区内成土母岩有一定的关系。虽然成土母岩决定着土壤中稀土元素的初始含量,但最终含量还受到其他因素的影响。     

Analysis of wines by ICP-MS: Is the pattern of the rare earth elements a reliable fingerprint for the provenance?

In a comparative analysis of young and finished product wines by semi-quantitative ICP-MS, a striking difference was observed: finished products exhibited significant concentrations of the rare earth elements whereas the concentrations in young wines which had not been subdued to any treatment after their initial preparation from the grapes were below the determination limits with a quadrupole instrument and could only be determined with a magnetic field instrument operated at a low mass resolution (R = 300). The reason was found in contamination from bentonites as usually applied for the purification of wines from tarnishing components such as proteins. Therefore, bentonites of different origin were extracted with a reference wine, and an increase of the rare earth element concentrations by more than one order of magnitude was observed in the extracts. The investigation leads to the conclusion that the concentration pattern of the rare earth elements can be strongly affected by the wine producing process and therefore is not generally suitable as a fingerprint for the provenance of wines.     

Analysis of major and trace elements by INAA to predict the thousands year old sediment deposition environment in the Meghna river delta

Major, trace and rare earth elements have been measured in sediments of different layers to determine the controls of constituent minerals on the distribution of elements and sediment deposition environment in the Meghna river delta. The geochemical composition of sediments was enriched in SiO₂, Ca, Mg and Ba and depleted in Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, and Sr relative to PAAS (Post-Archaen Average Shale) value. The X-ray diffraction and elemental analyses demonstrate the dominant presence of quartz, micas, feldspar, chlorite, amphibole and clay minerals in sediments. The very low contents of trace elements suggest that the oxic condition was more prevalent during sediment deposition of Pleistocene-Holocene period and reflect the massive chemical weathering by biogeochemical reactions. The enrichment of light rare earth elements and La/Yb ratio reflect the intense silicate weathering of crustal materials and the high sediment depositional rate in the Meghna river delta.     

Analysis of wines by ICP-MS: Is the pattern of the rare earth elements a reliable fingerprint for the provenance?

In a comparative analysis of young and finished product wines by semi-quantitative ICP-MS, a striking difference was observed: finished products exhibited significant concentrations of the rare earth elements whereas the concentrations in young wines which had not been subdued to any treatment after their initial preparation from the grapes were below the determination limits with a quadrupole instrument and could only be determined with a magnetic field instrument operated at a low mass resolution (R = 300). The reason was found in contamination from bentonites as usually applied for the purification of wines from tarnishing components such as proteins. Therefore, bentonites of different origin were extracted with a reference wine, and an increase of the rare earth element concentrations by more than one order of magnitude was observed in the extracts. The investigation leads to the conclusion that the concentration pattern of the rare earth elements can be strongly affected by the wine producing process and therefore is not generally suitable as a fingerprint for the provenance of wines. Received: 3 December 1998 / Revised: 11 February 1999 / Accepted: 18 February 1999     

Determination of traces of rare earth elements in high-purity uranium by ion-exchange separation and neutron activation γ-spectrometry

Neutron activation γ-spectrometry is sufficiently sensitive for the determination of traces of rare earth elements but quantitative separation from uranium is essential. The rare earth elements in 0.2 M ammonium carbonate medium are quantitatively retained on Chelex-100, and are quantitatively separated from uranium by recycling the eluate. When 10-g samples are used, neutron activation provides detection limits of 1–20 μg kg^?1. Recoveries of rare earths, checked by spiking with radiotracers, are essentially complete.     

Determination of rare earth elements in Taiwan monazite by chemical neutron activation analysis

Taiwan monazite is a unique mineral obtained from the heavy sand found in the river floor of Tzuo-suei river and En-suei river. Both rivers are flowing parallel with separated narrow area into the sea at southwestern coast of Taiwan. The characteristic of monazite is that it contains considerable rare earth elements (REEs). REEs are considered very useful elements in the local industries and scientific researches such as ceramic, semiconductors, and glass optics. In this study, chemical neutron activation analysis (CNAA) was used to determine the contents of REEs in Taiwan monazite. A few milligram of monazite was digested in the microwave oven for 25 minutes with mixed acid (conc. HNO₃ and HClO₄). REEs were preconcentrated by hydrated magnesium oxide and CNAA was performed.     

Determination of rare earth elements and heavy metals in river water by preconcentration on chelex 100 and neutron activation

The neutron activation determination of rare earth elements and heavy metals in river water has been studied with Chelex 100 resin as a preconcentration agent. The resin is applied directly as a support for irradiation and for radiochemical separation. The radioactive rare earth elements are recovered selectively and quantitatively from the irradiated resin by elution with hot 1 M sodium carbonate solution; radioactive heavy metals are recovered with 2 M nitric acid. Activities from each eluate are counted with a Ge(Li) detector connected to a multichannel analyzer; La, Sm, Eu, Dy, Mn, Cu and Zn can be determined. The recoveries were almost quantitative and the measurement of chemical yield was unnecessary.     

Geochemical behaviour of major and trace elements in dissolved and particulate phases of the Bouregreg river (Morocco)

The Bouregreg river is one of the main rivers of Morocco, Its source being located in the Moroccan Central Massif and flows towards the Atlantic coast through the coastal Meseta. The Bouregreg river basin is located in the Moroccan Central Massif which consists mainly of Palaeozoic formations that were subject to the Hercynian orogeny. To evaluate the environmental status of the Bouregreg river water, sampling of the dissolved (<0.22 μm) and suspended (>0.22 μm) phases was performed at 10 sites along the Bouregreg river and its tributaries in the winter of 2005. Major (Na, Ca, K, Ti, Mn, Al and Fe), trace (As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Hf, Li, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, U, V, W, Y, Zn and Zr) elements and rare earth elements were analysed. The dissolved and particulate phase of the Bouregreg river draining these contrasting zones show similar characteristics to those observed in other major tropical rivers such as the Congo and Amazon, and vary in composition between the different source areas. Obtained data show that the spectra of the standardized concentrations for all the determined elements in the dissolved and the suspended phase have the same form whatever the station and that the whole of the elements is strongly deficient compared to the upper continental crust. The strong depletion in the suspended phase and the associated enrichment in the dissolved phase suggest that some elements such as Rb, Ba and Sr are the most mobile elements during the weathering processes. The removal of the most mobile elements from the bedrock concentrates all remaining elements in the weathered phases of the soils, from whence it can be removed mechanically. As and Sb are strongly enriched as well in the dissolved load as in the suspended load.     

北阿尔泰火山岩形成机制的稀土判别

研究了北阿尔泰地区泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的稀土元素特征,并应用稀土判据探讨了区内火山岩的形成机制。稀土元素与常量元素相关关系显示,北阿尔泰泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩成岩过程中分离结晶作用不明显,其形成机制可能为部分熔融作用。多种稀土元素联合协变关系的研究进一步表明,北阿尔泰泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的形成机制为部分熔融作用。同时也显示区内泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的稀土元素继承了其源区物质的稀土元素特征。     

Spectrophotometric determination of rare earth elements and thorium with arsenazo

The simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of rare earth elements (lanthanum and gadolinium) and thorium with arsenuzo is described. In 0.05 N nitric acid, thorium alone forms a colored complex with the reagent; at PH 7.2 both thorium and the rare carths form colored complexes. Satisfactory results were obtained with weight ratios of Th/rare earths ranging from 0.2 to 10.     

交流电弧中共存稀土元素对光谱线强度影响的研究

本工作较系统地研究了在交流电弧中不同量的共存稀土元素镝、钬，饵，铥和镱对某些被测稀土元素光谱线强度的影响。用交流电弧激发溶液干渣样品，其样品是在固定量的被测元素溶液中各自分别加入不同量的共存元素镝、钬、铒、铥和镱，摄谱后测量各被测元素的光谱线强度对共存元素在溶液中各个不同浓度作关系曲线。