SnMe3/Pt/HY分子筛的合成与表征

在高真空系统下研究了SnMe4与Pt修饰的HY沸石分子筛表面的接枝反应,并用元素分析、FT-IR,XRD,DRS,BET,GC等表征了接枝产物的组成和性质。结果表明：Pt／HY沸石的表面羟基可以与SnMe4在常温下反应,将三甲基锡基团接枝在沸石的超笼中。Pt／HY与SnMe4发生接枝反应后晶相结构没有改变,微孔体积和BET表面积都下降。     

表面金属有机化学:SnMe4在HY沸石超笼表面的接枝反应

研究了高真空条件下SnMe4在HY沸石超笼的接枝反应,并用元素分析,ICP, GC, XRD, FTIR, DTG, DTA, UV-vis, DRS, N2吸附等方法对产物的组成、结构和性质进行了详细表征.研究结果表明,两者可以定量地、有选择性地进行化学反应,将确定数目的三甲基锡基团接枝在沸石的超笼中.反应可以在非常低的温度下快速进行,表观活化能为10.4 kJ·mol-1.经SnMe4改性后的HY沸石分子筛BET比表面积降低,孔体积变小,对不同尺寸的烃分子表现出明显的吸附择形性.     

烷基锡化合物在HY沸石超笼表面的接枝反应研究

在高真空系统中研究了HY沸石分子筛与SnMe₄、SnEt₄、SnPr₄和SnBu₄的反应，用元素分析、ICP、GC、XRD、FTIR、TG、DRS、TPR、BET及烷烃和芳烃的脉冲吸附等方法表征了产物的组成、结构和性质。结果表明，HY沸石分子筛超笼羟基与SnMe₄、SnEt₄、SnPr₄和SnBu₄的反应温度分别为：183K、243K、273K和333K，生成组成为(≡Si-O)SnR₃的表面单接枝物种。表面接枝烷基锡碎片后，HY沸石的孔口尺寸变小，吸附行为发生显著变化。     

表面富锡MCM-41分子筛的表面金属有机化学制备及其对苯酚羟基化催化反应性能研究

采用SnBu₄在MCM-41表面的接枝反应和后续处理制备出了一种只在表面含锡的MCM-41型介孔分子筛。通过与采用纳米SnO₂和MCM-41机械混合法、SnCl₄浸渍法、水热合成法等制备的具有相当硅锡比(Si/Sn≈100)的SnMCM-41分子筛进行结构和对苯酚羟基化反应催化性能的比较发现， 由该法所得分子筛的水热稳定性明显提高，并在苯酚羟基化反应中表现出优良的催化活性、选择性和过氧化氢利用率。本文还详细考察了该催化剂对苯酚羟基化反应的最佳反应条件。     

MCM-41分子筛的表面修饰及其催化合成乙酸异戊酯

通过后合成处理将苄基、三甲基硅烷基和磺酸基接枝到MCM-41分子筛上,制备了一种新型的有机-无机杂化S-B-MCM-41催化剂.采用X射线衍射、低温N2吸附-脱附和酸碱滴定对样品的结构和质子酸量进行了表征和测定.结果表明,S-B-MCM-41催化剂较好地保持了MCM-41分子筛的介孔结构,BET比表面积高达798m2/g,质子酸量为4.0mmol/g.将S-B-MCM-41催化剂用于乙酸与异戊醇合成乙酸异戊酯的反应,考察了各种反应条件对酯化率的影响.在乙酸用量为0.1mol,异戊醇用量为0.15mol,催化剂用量为0.2g,带水剂甲苯为15ml,反应温度为110～125℃,反应时间为2h的优化条件下S-B-MCM-41上的酯化率可达99%以上;而MCM-41分子筛上的酯化率仅为54%.经3次重复使用后,S-B-MCM-41催化剂上的酯化率依然保持在90%以上.初步探讨了S-B-MCM-41催化剂催化合成乙酸异戊酯的反应机理.     

HY/MCM-41/γ-Al2O3负载的硫化态Ni-Mo-P催化剂上萘的加氢

 采用水热法合成了不同SiO2/Al2O3比的MCM-41介孔分子筛. 并分别以HY/MCM-41/γ-Al2O3, HY/γ-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3为载体,用浸渍法制备了Mo-Ni-P催化剂. 以萘为模型化合物,考察了硫化态Mo-Ni-P催化剂的加氢活性. 结果表明,不同载体负载的催化剂催化活性均随着活性组分负载量的增大而提高,其中掺杂大比表面MCM-41的HY/MCM-41/γ-Al2O3所负载的催化剂催化活性提高幅度最大. 由于MCM-41与HY分子筛在酸性和孔结构上存在互补性,因而催化剂对萘加氢存在协同作用. 提出了萘加氢的反应机理,认为反应网络包括两个平行路径: 一是萘加氢生成四氢萘后发生异构化或开环反应; 二是萘加氢生成四氢萘后进一步加氢生成十氢萘,继而发生异构化或开环反应.     

HY／MCM-41／γ-A12O3负载的硫化态Ni-Mo-P催化剂上萘的加氢

采用水热法合成了不同SiO2／Al2O3比的MCM-41介孔分子筛．并分别以HY／MCM-41／γ-A1203，HY／γ-A12O3和γ-Al2O3为载体，用浸渍法制备了Mo-Ni-P催化剂．以萘为模型化合物，考察了硫化态Mo-Ni-P催化剂的加氢活性．结果表明，不同载体负载的催化剂催化活性均随着活性组分负载量的增大而提高，其中掺杂大比表面MCM-41的HY／MCM-41/γ-Al2O3所负载的催化剂催化活性提高幅度最大．由于MCM-41与HY分子筛在酸性和孔结构上存在互补性，因而催化剂对萘加氢存在协同作用．提出了萘加氢的反应机理，认为反应网络包括两个平行路径：-是萘加氢生成四氢萘后发生异构化或开环反应；二是萘加氢生成四氢萘后进-步加氢生成十氢萘，继而发生异构化或开环反应．     

HY沸石超笼“半三明治”环戊二烯铁物种的接枝

在真空条件下研究了Cp₂Fe在HY沸石表面的接枝反应，并用原位FTIR、ICP、XRD、TPD-MS和UV-Vis DRS等方法对接枝产物的组成、结构及性质进行了表征。结果表明，在低于423 K的温度下，Cp₂Fe可以强吸附在沸石的超笼内，并被氧化为Cp₂Fe⁺阳离子；当在423 K长时间加热时，Cp₂Fe⁺可与超笼表面的酸性中心发生化学反应，脱除一个环戊二烯基团，在沸石超笼形成“半三明治”环戊二烯铁CpHFe(OZ≡)₃(Z为沸石骨架Si或Al原子)表面物种。一个超笼中可接枝3个CpHFe基团，该物种在真空、惰性气体气氛和473 K以下能够在表面稳定存在。接枝反应不破坏HY的骨架结构，修饰后HY沸石的BET比表面积和微孔体积大约降低一半。     

MCM-41-HY复合分子筛的合成及其在深度加氢脱硫中的应用

在水热条件下合成了包覆型MCM-41-HY复合分子筛.采用XRD、N2气吸附和SEM等方法对其进行了表征.结果表明,MCM-41-HY复合分子筛和MCM-41与H型Y沸石(HY)的机械混合物明显不同,在复合分子筛MCM-41-HY中,中孔相MCM-41附晶生长在HY沸石上,将HY包覆起来.以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物,考察了该材料担载NiMo催化剂的加氢脱硫活性.结果表明,MCM-41-HY复合分子筛与MCM-41和HY的机械混合物担载NiMo催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)活性相当,但MCM-41-HY复合分子筛担载NiMo催化剂的裂化活性较低.其裂化活性不同的原因在于其载体孔道结构和酸性位的分布不同.     

苯基化纳米MCM-41材料的制备与表征

以苯基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂对纳米MCM-41分子筛进行了有机改性,制备了苯基改性的纳米MCM-41分子筛MCM-41(m)。利用元素分析、粉末XRD、傅里叶变换红外光谱、氮气吸附-解吸附、扫描电镜和差热-热重分析对制备产物进行了表征。粉末XRD结果表明,改性过程中,分子筛骨架未被破坏,并且所制备MCM-41(m)分子筛结晶度依然很高;傅里叶变换红外光谱表明苯官能团已经成功地接枝到了分子筛的孔道表面,且所得产物的骨架依然完好;低温氮气吸附-解吸附分析结果表明,MCM-41(m)分子筛孔道具有高度有序性,改性的纳米MCM-41分子筛孔道内的硅羟基与苯基三甲氧基硅烷发生了硅烷化反应,苯基成功地接枝到了分子筛的孔道表面。扫描电镜结果表明, 制得的苯基改性纳米MCM-41平均尺寸为110 nm。差热-热重分析结果说明了所制备的苯基化的纳米MCM-41样品具有良好的热稳定性,骨架稳定温度为823 ℃。苯基化的纳米MCM-41材料具有作为催化剂材料的潜在应用前景。     

A mononuclear cyclopentadiene-iron complex grafted in the supercages of HY zeolite: synthesis, structure, and reactivity

The reaction of ferrocene with the acidic hydroxy groups in the supercages of zeolite HY dehydrated at 673 K and the reactivity of the resultant surface species towards CO and O(2) were investigated by temperature-programmed decomposition (TPD) and reduction (TPR) and IR, X-ray absorption fine structure analysis (XAFS), and X-ray photoelectron (XP) spectroscopy. In situ FTIR, TPD, TPR, and chemical analysis reveal that the Cp(2)Fe molecule adsorbed on the zeolite surface loses one cyclopentadienyl group under vacuum at 423 K, which leads to the formation of a well-defined mononuclear surface Fe-C(5)H(6) complex grafted to two acidic sites and one ([triple bond]Si-O-Si[triple bond]) unit, as confirmed by the lack of Fe-Fe contributions in the EXAFS spectra. Each iron atom is coordinated, on average, to three oxygen atoms of the zeolite surface with a Fe--O distance of 2.00 A and to five carbon atoms with a Fe--C distance of 2.09 A. IR spectra indicate that the cyclopentadiene-iron species grafted on the surface of the zeolite is quite stable in vacuo or under an inert or hydrogen atmosphere below 423 K, and is also relatively stable under oxygen at room temperature. However, the cyclopentadiene ligand readily reacts with CO to form a compound containing carbonyl at 323 K, and even at room temperature. The single carbonyl band in the IR spectra provides evidence for the nearly uniform formation of a cyclopentadiene-iron species on the surface of the zeolite.     

新戊基钛在MCM-41表面的接枝反应及产物性质

采用原位红外光谱法在真空系统中考察了MCM-41分子筛表面与四新戊基钛Ti(CH2CMe3)4的反应,发现这个反应可在室温下定量进行,得到表面新戊基钛(≡Si－O)2Ti(CH2CMe3)2. 这种表面新戊基钛很容易与CH3OH、H2O和O2进一步发生反应分别得到(≡Si－O)2Ti(OCH3)2、(≡Si－O)2Ti(OH)2和(≡Si－O)2Ti(OCH2CMe3)2等表面化合物.在氧气中焙烧由(≡Si－O)2Ti(CH2CMe3)2水解所得的(≡Si－O)2Ti(OH)2可制得表面含钛MCM-41介孔分子筛（Ti-MCM-41）.元素分析、低温N2吸附-脱附、紫外可见漫反射光谱、X射线粉末衍射和FTIR等表征结果表明,接枝反应和后续的处理不破坏分子筛的介孔结构; Ti-MCM-41的比表面积和孔直径较MCM-41略有降低; Ti原子在Ti-MCM-41表面以TiO4四面体配位状态分散,并对乙烯氧化有较明显的光催化活性.论文还通过对Ti-MCM-41与水热合成骨架含钛[Ti]-MCM-41结构和光催化活性的比较,对分子筛类材料光催化作用机制进行了分析探讨.     

锌锡双金属掺杂MCM-41的合成及表征

以硅酸钠为硅源, 锡酸钠，硝酸锌为金属源，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂，采用直接水热合成法合成出了锌锡双金属同时掺杂的介孔MCM-41。通过ICP﹑XRD、TG-DTA﹑FTIR﹑HRTEM以及BET等技术对材料的结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明，合成的材料具有典型的六方介孔结构，比表面高，孔分布窄，热稳定性较高，且锌锡可能进入介孔MCM-41骨架中。该材料对苯酚羟基化反应具有良好的催化性能，双金属修饰MCM-41催化活性明显优于单组分掺杂。     

PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢催化性能

用微型催化反应装置评价, 并结合X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、表面积和孔结构测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、氢化学吸附和热重分析等方法研究了负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3, PtSn/MCM-41和PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应催化性能. 发现PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较PtSn/MCM-41催化剂高的丙烷脱氢反应活性和较PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂高的反应稳定性. 实验结果表明, 纯硅MCM-41载体表面的锡物种因与载体相互作用较弱故易被还原, 导致铂金属分散度和催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性较低. 用Al2O3修饰MCM-41可以增强Sn物种与Al2O3/MCM-41载体之间的相互作用, 提高PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂铂金属分散度和丙烷脱氢催化活性. 并且, 积炭后的PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较高的铂金属表面裸露度, 故具有较高的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性. PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂优良的丙烷脱氢催化性能可能不仅与Sn-载体Al2O3/MCM-41较强的相互作用有关, 而且与Al2O3/MCM-41载体的介孔结构有关.     

Preparation and Properties of Zirconium Hydride on the Surface of MCM-41 Mesoporous Molecular Sieves

Zirconium monohydride bonded to the framework oxygen of MCM-41 surface was prepared by the reaction of tetraneopentyl zirconium with MCM-41 surface hydroxyl groups, followed by the hydrogenolysis of the resulted product. The surface hydride was characterized by using infrared spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, elemental analysis, gas-phase chromatography and chemical probing reaction. It was shown that this surface species is stable below 150 'C and can catalytically crack alkanes into methane and ethane at 100 .     

Physicochemical and catalytic properties of micro-mesoporous zeolite materials

Micro-mesoporous zeolite materials differing in their content of micro- and mesopores are obtained by the recrystallization of modernite zeolite. Using physicochemical methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering analysis, low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3, and IR spectroscopy, it is shown that recrystallization leads first to the formation of mesopores with sizes of 20–30 Å in zeolite crystals, then to the appearance of zeolite/MCM-41 nanocomposite, and finally to the complete conversion of zeolite into mesoporous MCM-41. During this process, the concentration of strong Brønsted acid sites accessible to pyridine bases first increases then drops. The catalytic properties of the synthesized materials are studied in the reaction of alkylation of benzene by dodecene-1. It is shown that the creation of transport pores and the increase in the accessibility of acid sites due to recrystallization under soft conditions facilitate the alkylation reaction.     

Preparation and Acid Catalytic Activity of TiO2 Grafted Silica MCM-41 with Sulfate Treatment

TiO2 grafted silica MCM-41 catalyst with and without sulfate treatment were prepared. The structural and acid properties of these materials were investigated by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, element analysis, thermal analysis, Raman and FTIR measurements. Their acid-catalytic activities were evaluated using the cyclization reaction of pseudoionone. It was found that the obtained materials possess well-ordered mesostructure, and the grafted TiO2 components were in highly dispersed amorphous form. T/MCM41 without sulfation contained only Lewis acid sites, while Br?nsted and Lewis acidities were remarkably improved for the sulfated materials ST/MCM41 and d-ST/MCM41. T/MCM-41 was not active for the cyclization reaction of pseudoionone, but ST/MCM-41 and d-ST/MCM-41 possessed favorable catalytic activities. The catalytic performance of ST/MCM-41 was comparable with that of the commercial solid acid catalyst of Amberlyst-15, and better than that of d-ST/MCM-41, although the latter underwent a second TiO2 grafting process and accordingly had higher Ti and S content. The specific surface structure of Si-O-Ti-O-S=O in ST/MCM-41 and the bilateral induction effect of Si and S=O on Si-O-Ti bonds were speculated to account for its higher acid catalytic activity.