凝胶中硅含量对SAPO-5分子筛合成及其性能的影响

通过改变反应物凝胶中的硅含量，用水热法合成了系列ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛，并用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ和ＭＡＳＮＭＲ分别研究了不同硅含量的分子筛结构和形貌．以正己烷的催化裂解为模型反应，用微反色谱研究了不同硅含量的ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛的催化性能．结果表明，分子筛骨架中的硅含量随反应物中硅含量的增加而增加；硅开始进入ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛骨架时，是以取代单个磷原子而进行的；当反应物中硅含量较高时，硅进入分子筛骨架是通过两个硅原子取代一对铝和磷原子，从而在ＳＡＰＯ－５中形成富硅区．硅进入分子筛骨架，虽然未改变分子筛的晶体结构，但改变了分子筛的晶形晶貌．ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛中存在３种酸中心，即弱酸、中强酸和强酸中心．在正己烷催化裂解中，较低温度时，催化活性中心主要是中强酸中心；当反应温度较高时，弱酸中心也可充当活性中心．在强酸中心上易发生结炭现象．     

硅源及晶化时间对SAPO-5分子筛模板剂、酸性及催化性能的影响

改变硅源和晶化时间合成了系列ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛．用原位红外光谱和ＮＨ３ＴＰＤ研究了不同样品的酸碱性，用ＴＧＤＴＡ和ＭＡＳＮＭＲ考察了硅源及晶化时间对分子筛模板剂的影响，评价了不同样品对正己烷裂解的催化活性．结果表明，ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛孔道不仅与模板剂的胺基有作用，而且与其甲基也有作用．以硅凝胶为硅源时，在４８ｈ内，延长晶化时间可使分子筛中硅含量和强酸中心数目增加，低温下正己烷裂解活性提高；晶化７２ｈ时，分子筛的酸性减弱，正己烷裂解活性降低．以正硅酸乙酯为硅源时，延长晶化时间可使ＳＡＰＯ５的酸性增强，正己烷裂解性能提高．     

硅源及晶化时间对SAPO—5分子筛模板剂,酸性及催化性能的影响

改变硅源和晶化时间合成了系列ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛，用原位红外光谱和ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ研究了不同样品的酸碱性，用ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ和ＭＡＳ ＮＭＲ考察了硅源及晶化时间对分子筛模板剂的影响，评价了不同样品对正己烷裂解的催化活性。结果表明，ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛孔道不仅与模板剂的胺基有作用，而且与其甲基也有作用。以硅凝胶为硅源时，在４８ｈ内，延长晶化时间可使分子筛中硅含量和强酸中心数目增加，低温下正己烷裂解活性提高；晶     

硅源及晶化时间对SAPO-5分子筛结构及性质的影响

分别以硅凝胶和正硅酸乙酯为硅源，通过改变晶化时间合成了系列ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛．用ＸＲＤ，ＭＡＳＮＭＲ和ＳＥＭ对分子筛的结构和形貌进行了表征．结果表明，以硅凝胶为硅源时，凝胶中的铝有３种面体配位状态．加热晶化很容易使凝胶转化为ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛，合成物的晶形更加规则．在４８ｈ内，延长晶化时间有助于硅进入分子筛骨架，使残余的Ａｌ２Ｏ３·Ｈ２Ｏ进一步反应，使骨架硅和铝的面体配位环境更加对称；超过４８ｈ后，硅开始游离出分子筛骨架，并使部分ＳＡＰＯ５转化为ＳＡＰＯ３４．以正硅酸乙酯为硅源时，硅和铝的反应活性均较低，凝胶中ＡｌＰＯ４及Ａｌ２Ｏ３·Ｈ２Ｏ的量均比四面体配位铝的量大．只有当晶化时间超过４８ｈ时，反应物中Ａｌ２Ｏ３·Ｈ２Ｏ才能完全转化．在此反应体系中，延长晶化时间有助于ＳＡＰＯ５的生成，使分子筛骨架硅的取代量更大，晶形更加规则，骨架铝的对称性更好．     

模板剂种类、浓度、硅源对SAPO-5分子筛结构性质的影响

研究了模板剂种类、浓度及硅源等因素对ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛结构、性质及酸催化性能的影响．结果表明，在合成ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛时，较合适的模板剂为三乙基胺或四乙基氢氧化铵．模板剂对分子筛结构的影响在于其空间效应，对酸性的影响在于其对硅反应性能和骨架硅含量的改变．不同硅源对分子筛骨架中的硅含量和酸性有较大的影响．得到较强酸性ＳＡＰＯ５分子筛催化剂的条件是：采用三乙胺模板剂和正硅酸乙酯．     

大孔富硅沸石分子筛的制备

大孔富硅沸石分子筛的制备Ｆｒｅｙｈａｒｄｔ等研究人员以一种有机金属化合物［（Ｃｐ＊）２ＣＯ）ＯＨ］作结构定向试剂，成功地研制出一种由十四个Ｔ－原子环形成的大孔径富硅沸石分子筛，其孔径为７５Ａ，孔体积为９９０Ａ３，这种大孔沸石分子筛不仅具有显著的热稳定...     

SAPO—11分子筛用i—Pr2NH导向合成及其酸性研究

以ＡｌＰＯ４、Ｈ３ＰＯ４、ＳｉＯ２等为原料采用单一模板剂ｉＰｒ２ＮＨ合成了ＳＡＰＯ１１分子筛，利用Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程等对合成过程进行了定量描述。还利用红外（ＩＲ）、程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）、线性丁烯骨架异构反应催化活性测试等手段表征了ＳＡＰＯ１１的酸性。结果表明，合成过程随温度有明显变化，晶化阶段的活化能远高于核化阶段的值。可用Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程的参数来表征合成过程的难易程度。分子筛中存在Ｂ酸和Ｌ酸位，主要在中等强度范围，从而对线性丁烯骨架异构反应有较好的催化活性。提高分子筛中硅含量可明显增大酸位浓度，酸强度也有轻度增强。     

邻苯二酚作螯合剂合成全硅方钠石（Si—SOD）和全硅ZSM—5（S …

通过在两个合成分子筛的体系ＳｉＯ２－ＮａＯＨ－ＥＧ－Ｒ和ＳｉＯ２－ＴＰＡＢｒ－ＮａＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ－Ｒ（Ｒ：邻苯二酚,ＥＧ;乙二醇）中加入邻苯二酚获得了具有较大尺寸和完善形貌的分子筛单昌。＾２９Ｓｉ ＮＭＲ,ＩＲ和ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱表明,在反应混和物中有硅－邻苯二酚螯全物生成,这种硅的螯合物在形成分子筛大单昌过程中起到了缓释硅源的作用。     

载钯硅磷酸铝分子筛催化剂的一步合成及其结构

将不同形式的钯源加入到硅磷酸铝子筛反应物凝胶中，用一步法直接合成了ＰｄＳＡＰＯ－５双功能催化剂，并对其进行了改性和表征。结果表明，ＳＡＰＯ－５可在较宽的ＰＨ值范围内合成，当钯以Ｈ２ＰｄＣｌ４加入时，并不影响ＳＡＰＯ－５分子筛的形成，溶液中的钯可完全均匀地分布在分子筛孔道中，而硅的分布状态略有改变     

SAPO－34分子筛表面酸性质的研究

以水热合成法制备了三个具有不同硅磷铝组成的硅磷酸铝分子筛ＳＡＰＯ－３４样品，采用红外光谱（ＩＲ）和氨法程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）两种方法考察了它们的表面酸性质。红外谱图中的３６００ｃｍ－１和３６２１ｃｍ－１谱峰归属于处于ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛结构中不同位置的两种桥联羟基（Ｓｉ－ＯＨ－Ａｌ）的振动。ＮＨ３－ＩＲ测定结果显示，这两种羟基具有较强的Ｂ酸特性，并且是分子筛酸性的主要来源；而分子筛具有的Ｌ酸中心的酸性较弱。比较三个样品的ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ、ＮＨ_３－ＩＲ和骨架组成后发现，ＳＡＰＯ－３４的酸性受其骨架硅含量的强烈影响：当Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比小于１时，酸性随硅含量增高而变弱；当Ｓｉ／Ａｌ摩尔比大于１时，酸性将随硅含量增高而变强。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.