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1.
Present study deals with the influence of metakaolin (MK), silica fume (SF) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (BFS) on middle hydration of ordinary Portland cement replaced by 45 mass% of particular supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Acceleration of cement hydration by SF and MK was proved up to the first 12 h by isothermal calorimetry as well as by thermogravimetric analyses. From the beginning of deceleratory period, when SCMs stopped to act as accelerators, more evident influence of the dilution effect was observed. Nevertheless, the presence of pozzolanic reactions was demonstrated already after 15 h of curing and even when SF and MK were used in the amount equal to 5 mass%. Synergic effect of the used SCMs allowed to increase the quantity of BFS up to 35 mass% without significant changes in their positive action. 相似文献
2.
Pozzolanic cement blends were prepared by the partial substitution of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with different percentages
of burnt clay (BC), Libyan clay fired at 700 °C, of 10, 20, and 30%. The pastes were made using an initial water/solid ratio
of 0.30 by mass of each cement blend and hydrated for 1, 3, 7, 28, and 90 days. The pozzolanic OPC–BC blend containing 30%
BC was also admixed with 2.5 and 5% silica fume (SF) to improve the physicomechanical characteristics. The hardened pozzolanic
cement pastes were subjected to compressive strength and hydration kinetics tests. The results of compressive strength indicated
slightly higher values for the paste made of OPC–BC blend containing 10% BC The results of DSC and XRD studies indicated the
formation and later the stabilization of calcium silicates hydrates (CSH) and calcium aluminosilicate hydrates (C 3ASH 4 and C 2ASH 8) as the main hydration products in addition to free calcium hydroxide (CH). Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination
revealed that the pozzolanic cement pastes made of OPC–BC mixes possesses a denser structure than that of the neat OPC paste.
Furthermore, the addition of SF resulted in a further densification of the microstructure of the hardened OPC–BC–SF pastes;
this was reflected on the observed improvement in the compressive strength values at all ages of hydration. 相似文献
3.
The effects of super absorbent polymer (SAP) on the early hydration evolution of Portland cement within 72 h were investigated by isothermal calorimetry, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that the SAP definitely affects the early hydration process of Portland cement, increases the hydration heat evolution rate during the acceleration period and during the main exothermic peak, promotes the earlier appearance of the main exothermic peak, but does not affect the lengths of the initial reaction period and the induction period and the onset of the acceleration period. The SAP can accelerate cement hydration to increase the hydration degree within 72 h. But the dosage variation of SAP has minor influence on the hydration heat evolution and hydration degree. The SAP enhances the formation of Ca(OH) 2 after 12 h to keep higher content than that in the reference paste. The SAP does not affect the maximum content of ettringite, but delays the conversion of ettringite to monosulphate to remain ettringite content higher at later hydration time. Besides, no new phases are found to have formed in cement paste with SAP. 相似文献
4.
This paper studies the addition (0–40% w/w) of natural zeolite (NZ, 84% clinoptilolite) in blended cements made with Portland cement (PC) with low and medium C 3A content. The isothermal calorimetry was used to understand the effect of NZ on the early cement hydration. For low C 3A cement, the addition of NZ produces mainly a dilution effect and then the heat released curve is similar to plain cement with lower intensity. For medium C 3A cement, the curve shows the C 3S peak in advance and a high intensity of third peak attributed to C 3A hydration. The high cation fixed of NZ reduces the ions concentration (especially alkalis) in the mixing water stimulating the PC hydration. The flowability decreases when the NZ replacement level increases. Results of Fratini’s test show that NZ with both PCs used presents slow pozzolanic activity. At early age, XRD and FTIR analyses confirm that hydration products are the same as that of the corresponding PC and the CH is progressively reduced after 28 days and some AFm phases (hemi- and monocarboaluminate) appear depending on the NZ percentage and the PC used. For low replacement levels, the compressive strength is higher than the corresponding PC from 2 to 28 days. For high replacement levels, the early compressive strength is lower than that of corresponding plain PC and the pozzolanic reaction improves the later compressive strength of blended cements. 相似文献
5.
The use of active mineral additions is an important alternative in concrete
design. Such use is not always appropriate, however, because the heat released
during hydration reactions may on occasion affect the quality of the resulting
concrete and, ultimately, structural durability. The effect of adding up to
20% silica fume on two ordinary Portland cements with very different mineralogical
compositions is analyzed in the present paper. Excess gypsum was added in
amounts such that its percentage by mass of SO 3 came
to 7.0%.
The chief techniques used in this study were heat conduction
calorimetry and the Frattini test, supplemented with the determination of
setting times and X-ray diffraction. The results obtained showed that replacing
up to 20% of Portland cement with silica fume affected the rheology of the
cement paste, measured in terms of water demand for normal consistency and
setting times; the magnitude and direction of these effects depended on the
mineralogical composition of the clinker. Hydration reactions were also observed
be stimulated by silica fume, both directly and indirectly – the latter
as a result of the early and very substantial pozzolanic activity of the addition
and the former because of its morphology (tiny spheres) and large BET specific
surface. This translated into such a significant rise in the amounts of total
heat of hydration released per gram of Portland cement at early ages, that
silica fume may be regarded in some cases to cause a synergistic calorific
effect with the concomitant risk of hairline cracking. The addition of excess
gypsum, in turn, while prompting and attenuation of the calorimetric pattern
of the resulting pastes in all cases, caused the Portland cement to generate
greater heat of hydration per gram, particularly in the case of Portland cement
with a high C 3A content. 相似文献
6.
This work presents the relation between the pozzolanic activity, the hydration heat and the compressive strength developed by blended mortars containing 10 and 35% of a spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC). The results show that, in comparison with 100% Portland cement mortar, a mortar with 10% FCC increases the hydration heat all over the period of testing. This hydration heat increasing is due to the pozzolanic effect, therefore the resulting compressive strength is higher than the reference mortar. Whereas, in a mortar with 35% of FCC, the hydration heat is higher than 100% PC mortar, until 10 h of testing. After this age, the substitution degree predominates over the pozzolanic activity, showing in this case, lower hydration heat and developing lower compressive strength than 100% PC mortar. 相似文献
7.
This paper investigates the influence of mechanical grinding on pozzolanic characteristics of circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFA) from the dissolution characteristics, paste strength, hydration heat and reaction degree. Further, the hydration and hardening properties of blended cement containing different ground CFA are also compared and analyzed from hydration heat, non-evaporable water content, hydration products, pore structure, setting time and mortar strength. The results show that the ground CFA has a relatively higher dissolution rate of Al 2O 3 and SiO 2 under the alkaline environment compared with that of raw CFA, and the pozzolanic reaction activity of ground CFA is gradually improved with the increase of grinding time. At the grinding time of 60 min, the pozzolanic reaction degree of CFA paste is improved from 6.32% (raw CFA) to 13.71% at 7 days and from 13.65 to 28.44% at 28 days, respectively. The relationships of pozzolanic reaction degree and grinding time of CFA also conform to a quadratic function. For ground CFA after a long-time grinding such as 60 min, the hydration heat and non-evaporable water content of blended cement containing CFA are significantly improved. Owing to relatively smaller particle size and higher activity of ground CFA, the blended cement paste has more hydration products, narrower pore size distribution and lower porosity. For macroscopic properties, with increase in grinding time of CFA, the setting time and strength of blended cement are gradually shortened and improved, respectively. 相似文献
8.
To optimize the hydration process of blended cement, cement clinker and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were ground
and classified into several fractions. Early hydration process of each cementitious materials fraction was investigated by
isothermal calorimeter. The results show fine cement clinker fractions show very high hydration rate, which leads to high
water requirement, while fine SCMs fractions present relatively high hydration (or pozzolanic reaction) rate. Cement clinker
fractions in the range of 8–24 μm show proper hydration rate in early ages and continue to hydrate rapidly afterward. Coarse
cement clinker fractions largely play “filling effect” and make little contribution to the properties of blended cement regardless
of their hydration activity (or pozzolanic activity). The hydration process of blended cement can be optimized by arranging
high activity SCMs, cement clinker, and low activity SCMs in fine, middle, and coarse fractions, respectively, which not only
results in reduced water requirement, high packing density, and homogeneous, dense microstructure, but also in high early
and late mechanical properties. 相似文献
9.
The cement industry is one which most emits polluting gases to the environment, due to the calcium carbonate calcination,
as well as to the burning of fossil fuels during the manufacturing process. Metakaolin (MK), in partial substitution to cement
in its applications, is having a special worldwide growing role, for the technological increment due to its pozzolanic activity
and mainly to the reduction of those emissions. In the present paper, the effect of pozzolanic activity of metakaolin was
analyzed by thermal analysis in pastes and mortars of type II Portland cement in the first three days of the hydration, during
which, relevant initial stages of the hydration process occur.
By non-conventional differential thermal analysis (NCDTA), paste and mortar samples containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of metakaolin
in cement mass substitution and using a 0.5 water/(total solids) mass ratio, were evaluated. The NCDTA curves, after normalization
on cement mass basis and considering the heat capacity of each reactant, indicate that the pozzolanic activity behavior of
metakaolin is different in pastes and mortars. Through the deconvolution of the normalized NCDTA curve peaks, it can be seen
that ettringuite formation increases as cement substitution degree (CSD) increases, in both cases. Tobermorite formation is
more enhanced in mortars than in pastes by MK, with a maximum formation at 30% of CSD. In the pastes, tobermorite formation
increases as CSD increases but it is practically the same at 30 and 40% of CSD. 相似文献
10.
Pozzolans play an important role in the industry of cement and concrete. They increase the mechanical strength of cement matrices and can be used to decrease the amount of cement in concrete mixtures, thus decreasing the final economic and environmental cost of production; also, as some of them are byproducts of industrial processes (such as silica fume and fly ash) and their use can be seen as a solution for some residues, that otherwise would be disposed as a waste. Pozzolans fixate the Ca(OH) 2 generated during cement’s hydration reactions to form calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H), calcium aluminate hydrates (C–A–H), or calcium aluminosilicate hydrates (C–A–S–H), depending on the nature of the pozzolan. Traditionally, the pozzolanic activity is identified using the Ca(OH) 2 fixation percentage which is quantified by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, using the mass loss due to the Ca(OH) 2 dehydroxylation around 500 °C. An alternative method to identify pozzolanic activity at lower temperatures using a standard issue moisture analyzer (MA) is presented in this paper, using the mass loss due to hydrate’s dehydration generated by pozzolans in the pozzolanic reaction. Samples of Ca(OH) 2 blended with different pozzolans were prepared and tested at different hydration ages. Using TG analysis and an MA, a good correlation was found between the total mass loss of the same sample, using the two methods at the same temperature. It was concluded that the MA method can be considered a less expensive and less time-consuming alternative to identify pozzolanic activity of siliceous or aluminosiliceous materials. 相似文献
11.
Portland cement was partially replaced by metakaolin (MK), silica fume (SF) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (BFS). Globally, two amounts of SF (5 and 10 mass%) and total substitution level of 35 mass% were used to prepare blended samples. Their early and 28 days hydration was studied by means of isothermal calorimetry and thermal analysis. Developed phase composition was assessed using compressive strength measurements. Acceleration of cement hydration in early times was proved and reflected higher amounts of finer additives. Despite dilution effect, the presence of more reactive SF and MK resulted in pozzolanic reactions manifesting already before 2 days of curing and contributing to the formation of strength possessing phases. The influence of BFS addition showed later and thanks to the synergic effect of all the used additives; it was possible to increase its content up to 25 mass% by keeping the compressive strength values near that of referential one. 相似文献
12.
The influence of phosphate slag with different finenesses and activators on the hydration of high-belite cement has been studied by using the hydration heat of binders, the DTA curves, the SEM images, and the specific strength. Results indicated that doped phosphorus slag in the cement will reduce heat of hydration. The activity of phosphate slag was low at early stage, but pozzolanic activity of phosphorus slag is higher than that of fly ash. Increasing the specific surface area and curing time and using Ca(OH)2 combined with gypsum can clearly promote the hydration degree of phosphorus slag. The findings in this paper show that since phosphorus slag can promote the hydration of high-belite cement, the strength contribution of cement is increased. Moreover, the greater the specific surface area is, the more significant the promotion effect at 90 d is. 相似文献
13.
The present study is based on the influence of the addition of a pozzolanic material as a result of the activation of an industrial
waste coming from the Spanish paper industry on the heating as well as hydration heat of the cement mortars made with 10 or
20% of active addition.
Once the sludge has been calcined at different temperatures (700–800°C) and stays in furnace (2 and 5 h), the calcined products
showed high pozzolanic activity. The maximum activity corresponded to the paper sludge calcined at 700°C for 2 h (S1). Besides,
it can be proved that there was an increase both of the heating and also of the hydration heat in the first 23–25 h for both
additions (10 and 20% of S1) regarding the reference cement mortar. This behaviour would be related to the influence of different
effects: filler and pozzolanic during the first hours of reaction, and by the dilution effect for longer hydration times,
mainly when 20% of S1 was added. 相似文献
14.
Possibilities of a multicell isoperibolic-semiadiabatic calorimeter application for the measurement of hydration heat and maximum temperature reached in mixtures of various compositions during their setting and early stages of hardening are presented. Measurements were aimed to determine the impact of selected components?? content on the course of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) hydration. The following components were selected for the determination of the hydration behaviour in mixtures: very finely ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), silica fume (microsilica, SF), finely ground quartz sand (FGQ), and calcined bauxite (CB). A commercial polycarboxylate type superplasticizer was also added to the selected mixtures. All maximum temperatures measured for selected mineral components were lower than that reached for cement. The maximum temperature increased with the decreasing amount of components in the mixture for all components except for silica fume. For all components, except for CB, the values of total released heat were higher than those for pure Portland cement samples. 相似文献
15.
Four paste mixtures with varying replacement level of the cement content by fly ash have been studied. Due to fly ash, the
acceleration period decreased and a third hydration peak was noticed with isothermal calorimetry. The total heat after 7 days
increased with increasing fly ash content. From 1 to 7 days, thermogravimetry showed a higher chemically bound water and Ca(OH) 2-content for the pastes with fly ash. Between 7 and 14 days the calcium hydroxide started to be depleted due to the pozzolanic
reaction. A unique relation was found between calcium hydroxide and total heat development. 相似文献
16.
The hydration properties of the binder containing low quality fly ash or limestone powder were compared in this study. Isothermal calorimetry was performed to measure the hydration heat of the binders during the first 3 days. Mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis were all used to determine the pore structure and hydration products of paste. The compressive strength of the pastes of age 3, 7, 28, and 90 days was also tested. The results indicate that the ground low quality fly ash can improve the mechanical properties of composite cementitious material and ameliorate the hydration properties and microstructure compared with the inert admixture limestone powder. The chemical activity of low quality fly ash presents gradually and appears high pozzolanic effect at later period, and it can accelerate the generation of hydration products containing more chemically bonded water. This leads to the higher rate of strength growth and cement hydration degree, the more compact microstructure and reasonable pore size distribution. Additionally, low quality fly ash delays the induction period, but shortens the acceleration period, therefore there is no significant influence on the second exothermic peak occurrence time. 相似文献
17.
A Brazilian coal power plant generates a waste composed by the fly and bottom ashes produced from coal combustion and by a spent sulfated lime generated after SO 2 capture from combustion gases. This work presents a study of the early stages of the hydration of composites formed by this waste and a type II Portland cement, which will be used for CO 2 capture. The cement substitution degrees in the evaluated composites were 10, 20, 30 and 40%, and the effect of the coal power unit waste on the hydration reaction was analyzed on real time by NCDTA, during the first 40 h of hydration. The results show that the higher is the substitution degree, the higher is the retarding effect on the cement hydration process. Actually, by respective thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis on initial cement mass basis, this effect is caused by double exchange reactions among Ca and Mg components of the waste, during the first 4 h of hydration, which promote a much higher exothermic effect in the NCDTA curve, simultaneously to respective induction periods. The pozzolanic reactions, due to the presence of the waste silica and alumina containing amorphous phases, consume part of the original Ca(OH) 2 content existent in the waste in the case of 30 and 40% substituted pastes, and also from part of the Ca(OH) 2 produced in cement hydration reactions, in the case of the 10 and 20% substituted pastes. 相似文献
18.
The catalyst
used in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units of refineries after several
recovery cycles in regeneration units, reduces its activity and it is partially
substituted by new catalyst in the process. As it has a high silicon and aluminum
oxides content, the pozzolanic properties of a Brazilian FCC spent residual
catalyst, used in different substitution degrees to cement, were evaluated
by three thermal analysis techniques during the early stages of hydration
of a type II Portland cement. NCDTA curves show in real time that the residual
catalyst, accelerates the stages of cement hydration. TG and DSC curves of
respective pastes after 24 h of hydration evidence the pozzolanic activity
of the waste, respectively, by the lower water mass loss during the dehydroxylation
of the residual calcium hydroxide and by the lower dehydroxylation endothermal
effect. Within the analyzed period, the higher is the cement substitution
degree, the higher is the pozzolanic activity of the residual catalyst. 相似文献
19.
The heat of hydration evolution of eight paste mixtures of various water to binder ratio and containing various pozzolanic
(silica fume, fly ash) and latent hydraulic (granulated blast furnace slag) admixtures have been studied by means of isothermal
calorimetry during the first 7 days of the hydration process and by means of solution calorimetry for up to 120 days. The
results of early heat of hydration values obtained by both methods are comparable in case of the samples without mineral admixtures;
the values obtained for samples containing fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag differ though. The results from isothermal
calorimetry show an acceleration of the hydration process by the presence of the fine particles of silica fume and retarding
action of other mineral admixtures and superplasticizer. The influence of the presence of mineral admixtures on higher heat
development (expressed as joules per gram of cement in mixture) becomes apparent after 20 h in case of fly ash without superplasticizer
and after 48 h for sample containing fly ash and superplasticizer. In case of samples containing slag and superplasticizer
the delay observed was 40 h. The results obtained by solution calorimetry provide a good complement to the ones of isothermal
calorimetry, as the solution calorimetry enables to study the contribution of the mineral admixtures to the hydration heat
development at later ages of the hydration process, which is otherwise hard to obtain by different methods. 相似文献
20.
This paper analyzes the effect of fly ash chemical character on early Portland cement hydration and the possible adverse effects
generated by the addition of gypsum. Behaviour was analyzed for pure Portland cements with varying mineralogical compositions
and two types of fly ash, likewise differing in chemical composition, which were previously characterized under sulphate attack
as: silicic-ferric-aluminic or aluminic-silicic ash in chemical character, irrespective if they are in nature, siliceous or
siliceous and aluminous materials according to the ASTM C 618-94a.
The experimental results showed that water demand for paste with a normal consistency increased with the replacement ratio
in fly ash with a more aluminic than silicic chemical character, whereas it declined when silicic-ferric-aluminic ash was
used. On the other hand, the differences between the total heat of hydration released at the first valley and the second peak
also clearly differentiated the two types of ash. While the relative differences increased in the more aluminic than silicic
ash, they declined in the more silicic than aluminic. In another vein, the findings indicate that within a comparable Blaine
fineness range, the reactive alumina (Al 2O 3r−) content in pozzolanic additions has a greater effect on mortar strength than the reactive silica (SiO 2r−) content, at least in early ages up to 28 days. Finally, the adverse effect generated in the presence of excess gypsum is
due primarily to the chemical interaction between the gypsum and the C 3A in the Portland cement and the reactive alumina (Al 2O 3r−) in the fly ash. 相似文献
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