磁性海藻酸钠三互穿网络水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附

以海藻酸钠为水凝胶骨架材料,以羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）和质子化壳聚糖（CTS）为强度增强材料,制备磁性水凝胶球吸附剂Fe3O4@SA@CMC@CTS,研究其对水溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附特性,考察吸附时间、MB 初始浓度、离子强度、吸附剂加入量等对凝胶球吸附性能的影响;引入吸附动力学和热力学模型对吸附过程进行分析,并采用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、Zeta 电位、磁滞回线和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对凝胶球特征及吸附机理进行综合分析。结果表明：在25 ℃、质量浓度为700 mg/L的MB溶液、凝胶球用量为0.2 g/L的条件下,平衡吸附量为2143.0 mg/g;700 mg/L的MB溶液最佳凝胶球投加量为 0.4 g/L,重复利用5次后,吸附量仍高达1228.4 mg/g。动力学拟合显示该吸附过程更符合准一级动力学模型,等温拟合表明Freundlich 吸附等温方程可以更好地描述该吸附过程。     

降低生物柴油中自由脂肪酸的吸附剂研究

以甘蔗渣为原材料,通过高温煅烧制备甘蔗渣吸附剂,用于降低生物柴油中的自由脂肪酸含量。采用SEM、热重分析仪对甘蔗渣吸附材料进行表征分析,研究不同煅烧温度对吸附剂吸附性能的影响,以及不同吸附条件对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,在实验条件下,当甘蔗渣吸附材料煅烧温度为600℃、吸附剂用量0.30 g、吸附温度25℃、吸附时间100 min时,可以将生物柴油原料油的酸值降至0.4 mg/g。     

季铵功能化的金属有机骨架对水中双氯芬酸钠的高效吸附与去除

通过两步合成法制备了季铵功能化的金属有机骨架MIL-101（Cr）即MIL-101（Cr）-NMe₃,并考察了该材料对双氯芬酸钠（DCF）的吸附行为。通过不同浓度的DCF在MIL-101（Cr）-NMe₃吸附剂上的动力学数据,以及在不同温度下的吸附平衡等温线和MIL-101（Cr）-NMe₃吸附剂的重复使用性能考察,发现该材料对DCF的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附平衡等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,在20℃下的最大吸附量为310.6 mg/g,5次循环使用后吸附量未明显减少。MIL-101（Cr）-NMe₃对DCF的吸附作用机理可归结为静电相互作用和π-π相互作用,吸附效果远大于未修饰氨基的MIL-101（Cr）。可以预见该材料对水中DCF的去除具有良好的应用前景。     

巯基/氧化纤维素的制备及氯化体系中Ag(Ⅰ)的选择性吸附

以废纸纤维素为原料,将纤维素氧化开环胺化后再进行巯基化反应,制备得到了一系列巯基修饰的纤维素类吸附剂。研究发现,无论是单一氯化体系还是高铜高镍氯化混合体系,基于氨基硫脲修饰戊二醛交联的氧化纤维素吸附剂对配阴离子AgCl_4~(3-)的吸附效果最好,最大吸附量可达到171.16 mg/g。通过红外、X射线光电子能谱、热力学等技术手段分析探讨了其不同吸附效果的原因及该吸附剂对配阴离子Ag(Ⅰ)的静电引力吸附机理。     

硫辛酸修饰钛酸纳米管吸附亚甲基蓝的性能

在水热法制备钛酸纳米管（Titanate nanotubes,TNTs）的基础上,再通过浸渍法将硫辛酸（Lipoic acid,LA）修饰到钛酸纳米管上,得到硫辛酸修饰的钛酸纳米管（TNTs-LA）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X光电子能谱仪（XPS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）等仪器对材料进行表征,并以亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附实验评价其吸附性能。结果表明,TNTs-LA对MB的吸附主要集中于前30 min,60 min可达吸附平衡。MB的去除与溶液p H值有关,且符合二级反应动力学方程,吸附过程是一个多种机制共同作用的结果。Langmuir等温模型拟合得出TNTs-LA对MB的最大吸附量为216.98 mg/g,有较高的吸附能力。     

水铁矿负载甘蔗渣吸附磷酸根开放性综合化学实验

采用原位沉淀法制备了对磷酸根有较好吸附性能的水铁矿负载甘蔗渣复合吸附剂。通过扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、Zeta电位等手段对负载甘蔗渣吸附剂进行了表征,同时考查了水铁矿负载甘蔗渣吸附剂对磷酸根吸附的行为和机理。结果表明负载后的甘蔗渣对磷酸根的吸附量提高显著,吸附可在30 min内达到平衡,等温吸附线符合Langmuir模型,动力学曲线符合准二级模型,负载吸附剂对废水中磷的去除率高达99.8%。该研究可作为工业分析、应用化学、环境工程等专业高年级的综合化学实验,有利于提升学生的研究兴趣,培养学生将理论知识运用于实际的能力,激发学生的创新能力。     

海藻酸钠-锌自修复水凝胶的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

废水处理中迫切需要制备多重刺激响应和具有自修复性能的吸附剂。基于此,本文选择海藻酸钠（ALG）和锌离子（Zn2+）为原料,通过一步法快速（仅2s）制备了超分子水凝胶。所制备的水凝胶显示出多重刺激（pH,金属盐等）响应性和自修复性能,这对吸附有机污染物至关重要。选择亚甲基蓝（MB）为模型染料研究了水凝胶的吸附性能。水凝胶对MB的最大吸附量为5.3 mg/g,对低浓度污染物具有良好的吸附能力（去除率超过80％）。吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学方程,Freundlich模型能很好地拟合等温吸附过程,表明ALG-Zn水凝胶对MB的吸附以多层吸附为主。制备出的ALG-Zn水凝胶适合作为吸附剂应用于废水处理。     

胺修饰β－环糊精交联树脂的制备及吸附性能

胺修饰β－环糊精交联树脂的制备及吸附性能陈永明，何炳林（南开大学高分子化学研究所，分离吸附功能高分子材料国家重点实验室，天津，３０００７１）关键词β－环糊精．β－环糊精交联树脂．选择性吸附．胺修饰．吸附平衡常数环糊精（ＣＤｓ）是葡萄糖由１，４糖苷键构...     

甲基丙烯酸接枝纳米纤维素水凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

本文通过酸解法制备纳米纤维素(nCE),再利用自由基聚合法将甲基丙烯酸(MAA)接枝到纳米纤维素上,得到含有多孔结构的纤维素基水凝胶,并以制备的水凝胶作为吸附剂处理染料废水。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、和扫描电镜(SEM)技术对其进行了表征。讨论了吸附时间、pH、染料初始浓度、吸附剂用量对染料去除率的影响,优化了吸附条件。并对吸附机理进行了探讨,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,平衡吸附等温线与Langmuir吸附等温方程拟合。通过对吸附等温线的拟合,计算得到了吸附剂对亚甲基蓝(MB)的最大吸附量为1250.00 mg·g~(-1)。     

有机皂土的PAN修饰及其对水中镉离子的吸附行为

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对皂土进行改性,用1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)对其表面进行修饰,制备了新型固态吸附剂。用傅立叶变换红外光谱对该吸附剂进行了表征。以火焰原子吸收为检测手段,研究了该吸附剂对水中镉离子的吸附行为。结果表明,用CTMAB改性后,PAN可负载于皂土上,制备的固态吸附剂对水中镉离子具有较强的吸附能力。吸附量受介质的pH值、温度和吸附时间的影响。其吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和HO准二级动力学方程式,该吸附反应为吸热的自发过程。吸附在PAN修饰有机皂土上的镉离子可用1mol/L的HNO3溶液洗脱。建立了PAN修饰有机皂土吸附富集,火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量镉的新方法,应用于地表水中痕量镉的测定,结果满意。     

Hierarchical porous cellulose/activated carbon composite monolith for efficient adsorption of dyes

Cheap and efficient adsorbents to remove contaminants of toxic dye molecules from wastewater are strongly in demand for environmental reasons. This study provides a novel design of a monolithic adsorbent from abundant materials via a facile synthetic procedure, which can greatly reduce the problems of the tedious separation of adsorbents from treated wastes. A hierarchically porous cellulose/activated carbon (cellulose/AC) composite monolith was prepared by thermally-induced phase separation of cellulose acetate in the presence of AC, using a mixture of DMF and 1-hexanol, followed by alkaline hydrolysis. The composite monolith had alarge specific surface area with mesopore distribution. It not only showed high uptake capacity towards methylene blue (MB) or rhodamine B (RhB) but could also simultaneously adsorb MB and RhB from their mixture, in which the adsorption of one dye was not influenced by the other one. Remarkable effects of solution pH, initial concentration of dye (C ₀), contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature on the adsorption of MB and RhB onto the composite monolith were demonstrated. The binding data for MB and RhB adsorption on the composite monolith fitted the Freundlich model well, suggesting a heterogeneous surface of the composite monolith. The monolith could retain around 90% of its adsorption capacity after 8 times reuse. These data demonstrate that the cellulose/AC composite monolith has a large potential as a promising adsorbent of low cost and convenient separation for dye in wastewater.     

聚环糊精的制备及其对苯酚的吸附性能研究

合成了β-环糊精聚合物，并采用红外光谱、元素分析及BET吸附法对聚环糊精进行了表征．从吸附动力学和热力学角度研究了聚环糊精对苯酚的吸附性能，拟合出了Langmuir吸附模型中的各参数．结果表明，聚环糊精对苯酚的吸附容量可达12mg／g以上，且吸附能力主要来自聚环糊精对苯酚的包合作用．     

Removal of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions using tannin-phenolic polymer immobilized on cellulose

Tannin was crosslinked with paraformaldehyde to prepare tannin-phenolic polymer(TP), TP immobilized on cellulose (TPPC) was prepared by the cross-linking reaction of TP and cellulose with epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent. Tannin was crosslinked prior to being immobilized on cellulose, which could increase the effective phenolic hydroxyl content in cellulose skeleton and improve the adsorption property of TPPC for metal ions. The maximum adsorption capacity of TPPC for Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions were 80.11?mg/g and 55.97?mg/g, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium data for the metal solutions fitted the Langmuir model well. The adsorption rate data fitted well to a Pseudo-second-order model. The TPPC has potential application value in the field of metal wastewater treatment.     

Cellulose nanocrystals as promising adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) prepared from cellulose fibre via sulfuric acid hydrolysis was used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, ionic strength, initial dye concentration were studied to optimize the conditions for the maximum adsorption of dye. Adsorption equilibrium data was fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, where the Langmuir model better described the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity was 118 mg dye/g CNC at 25 °C and pH 9. Calculated thermodynamic parameters, such as free energy change (ΔG = ?20.8 kJ/mol), enthalpy change (ΔH = ?3.45 kJ/mol), and entropy change (ΔS = 0.58 kJ/mol K) indicates that MB adsorption on CNCs is a spontaneous exothermic process. Tunability of the adsorption capacity by surface modification of CNCs was shown by oxidizing the primary hydroxyl groups on the CNC surface with TEMPO reagent and the adsorption capacity was increased from 118 to 769 mg dye/g CNC.     

多胺型稻草纤维素球的制备及其对水体中Zn2+的吸附性能

多胺型稻草纤维素球的制备及其对水体中Zn2+的吸附性能;农副产品;稻草;多胺型稻草纤维素球;锌     

Preparation of boronic acid and carboxyl-modified molecularly imprinted polymer and application in a novel chromatography mediated hollow fiber membrane to selectively extract glucose from cellulose hydrolysis

A novel boronic acid and carboxyl-modified glucose molecularly imprinted polymer were prepared through suspension polymerization, which is based on 1.0 mmol glucose as a template, 1.2 mmol methacrylamidophenylboronic acid, and 6.8 mmol methacrylic acids as monomers, 19 mmol ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and 1 mmol methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinkers. The prepared glucose-molecularly imprinted polymer had a particle size of 25–70 μm, and was thermally stable below 215°C, with a specific surface area of 174.82 m^2/g and average pore size of 9.48 nm. The best selectivity between glucose and fructose was 2.71 and the maximum adsorption capacity of glucose- molecularly imprinted polymer was up to 236.32 mg^/g which was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model. The similar adsorption abilities in six successive runs and the good desorption rate (99.4%) verified glucose-molecularly imprinted polymer could be reused. It was successfully used for extracting glucose from cellulose hydrolysis. The adsorption amount of glucose was 2.61 mg/mL and selectivity between glucose and xylose reached 4.12. A newly established chromatography (glucose-molecularly imprinted polymer) mediated hollow fiber membrane method in time separated pure glucose from cellulose hydrolysates on a large scale, and purified glucose solution with a concentration of 3.84 mg/mL was obtained, which offered a feasible way for the industrial production of glucose from cellulose hydrolysates.     

苝酰亚胺接枝纤维素的合成与染料吸附性能

合成了一种新型苝酰亚胺接枝纤维素材料3,通过元素分析、红外、扫描电子显微镜等技术手段证明了其结构。 染料吸附实验表明其对所测试的4种染料分子（橙黄G,亮丽春红,亚甲基蓝和结晶紫）均有较好的吸附能力,吸附容量分别达到1.04、1.21、1.14和0.96 mmol/g。 吸附过程符合拟二阶动力学模型和Langmuir等温方程,吸附过程是自发放热的。 在pH值2~12范围内,聚合物3的吸附性能保持基本稳定。 由吸附实验结果推测,静电作用、氢键和π-π堆积均在吸附过程中有重要作用。     

生物质基氮掺杂多孔炭材料的制备及对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以柳树落叶为生物质碳源, 氨水为氮源, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列氮掺杂多孔炭材料(WNC), 并对其结构和物理化学性质进行了表征. 结果表明, WNC材料具有较高的比表面积(528~618 m²/g)和多级孔结构; 材料表面含有丰富的含氧和含氮官能团(氮摩尔分数为8.9~9.9%); WNC材料对水体系中的亚甲基蓝(MB)表现出良好的吸附性能, 吸附为自发吸热过程, 符合Langmuir等温吸附和准二级动力学模型, 在pH值为5、 室温下最大吸附量为263.2 mg/g, 且材料可以多次循环使用. 对WNC-2及吸附染料MB后的WNC-2样品进行高温再焙烧处理, 所得样品(WNC-2-R和WNC-2-MB)的ζ电位明显升高, 表面碱性增强, 吸附容量分别提高到之前的1.3倍和1.6倍. 结合各种表征结果, 可以认为WNC材料的高比表面积和多级孔结构有利于吸附质(亚甲基蓝离子)的传输, 并能与材料表面的羰基、 醌基和吡啶氮等基团发生较强的相互作用, 从而使其表现出较高的吸附速率和吸附量.     

ZnO/C纳米球的亚甲基蓝单吸附特性:平衡、动力学及机理

采用电弧放电法制备了ZnO/C纳米球,利用FESEM、XRD和N₂吸附/脱附测试进行了表征。在避光条件下研究了复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。研究结果表明,随着亚甲基蓝的浓度及接触时间的增长吸附量明显上升,在吸附时间为150 min时达到吸附平衡。采用Langmuir、Freundlich及Temkin等温吸附模式对吸附平衡进行了研究。结果表明,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模式,单层吸附饱和容量可达188.68 mg·g^-1。利用动力学模型、内扩散模型和外扩散速率控制模型拟合实验数据,拟合数据表明其动力学符合伪二级动力学模型;内扩散机理不是吸附速率的唯一限制机理,亚甲基蓝的总吸附速率受膜扩散控制。     

ZnO/C纳米球的亚甲基蓝单吸附特性:平衡、动力学及机理

采用电弧放电法制备了ZnO/C纳米球,利用FESEM、XRD和N₂吸附/脱附测试进行了表征。在避光条件下研究了复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。研究结果表明,随着亚甲基蓝的浓度及接触时间的增长吸附量明显上升,在吸附时间为150 min时达到吸附平衡。采用Langmuir、Freundlich及Temkin等温吸附模式对吸附平衡进行了研究。结果表明,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模式,单层吸附饱和容量可达188.68 mg·g^-1。利用动力学模型、内扩散模型和外扩散速率控制模型拟合实验数据,拟合数据表明其动力学符合伪二级动力学模型;内扩散机理不是吸附速率的唯一限制机理,亚甲基蓝的总吸附速率受膜扩散控制。