共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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甲壳素是一种天然高分子化合物,具有来源广、可降解、生物相容、无毒和低抗原性等性质,但由于不溶于水和大多数有机溶剂,使其应用受到限制。由甲壳素制备的纳米甲壳素(甲壳素纳米晶须和甲壳素纳米纤维)能够在水中形成稳定均匀分散液,不仅具有甲壳素的性质,还有高长宽比、高表面积、低密度等性质,在其表面的羟基、N-乙酰基以及残留的胺基还可化学改性。本文综述了纳米甲壳素的制备,包括盐酸酸解、机械处理、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)氧化、静电纺丝、溶解再生和脱N-乙酰基法,介绍了纳米甲壳素化学改性以及在增强、吸附和生物活性等方面应用。 相似文献
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甲壳胺-明胶共混物的研究 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
甲壳胺 明胶共混物的研究莫秀梅(华东理工大学高分子材料系上海200237)关键词甲壳素,明胶,共混物,红外光谱甲壳胺是甲壳素的脱乙酰基产物,即将甲壳素C2上的乙酰基脱去变成氨基,因此在甲壳胺分子侧链上增加了一个活泼氨基,从而易于化学改性或共混改性.... 相似文献
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甲壳素的酰基化及其有生物材料上的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了甲壳素及其衍生物的酰基化反应、产物的制备方法、酰化产物的性能及其用于生物医用材料上的最新进展。甲壳素及其衍生物的酰基化改性是一种很有价值的化学改性途径,不仅可改善酰化产物在有机溶剂中的溶解性或水溶性,而且产物作为生物材料具有许多独特的用途。 相似文献
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一种新的液晶高分子——丁酸壳聚糖的合成与表征 总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18
甲壳素几乎不溶于任何溶剂,由于其脱乙酰化产物壳聚糖含自由氨基,能被酸质子化而溶解,所以壳聚糖的应用领域远多于甲壳素.但是壳聚糖也仅能溶于酸性介质中,并不能溶于纯水和普通有机溶剂,因而人们对甲壳素或壳聚糖进行各种化学改性[1,2],寻求溶解性更好尤其能溶于水的衍生物,以扩大其应用范围.本文按文献[2~4]方法合成了O-丁酰化壳聚糖(简称丁酸壳聚糖),首次报道它具有溶致液晶性. 相似文献
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Dr. Luísa C. R. Carvalho Fausto Queda Cátia V. Almeida Santos Dr. M. Manuel B. Marques 《化学:亚洲杂志》2016,11(24):3468-3481
Chitin and chitosan are attractive biopolymers with enormous structural possibilities for chemical modification, creating platforms for new chemical entities with a broad scope of applications, ranging from material science to medicine. During the last few years, incredible efforts have been dedicated to the regioselective modification of these biopolymers paving the way for improved properties and tailored activities. Herein, the most recent advances in chitin/chitosan regioselective modification, reaction conditions, selectivity, and the impact on its applications are highlighted. Moreover, the recent focus on chitooligosaccharides, their regioselective and chemoselective functionalization, as well as their role in biological studies, including molecular recognition with several biological targets are also covered. 相似文献
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生物高分子液晶的新家族——甲壳素及其衍生物 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
讨论了生物高分子甲壳素及其衍生物形成液晶态的基本结构条件。简要介绍了为制备液晶性甲壳素衍生物所必须的一些主要的化学修饰途径。综述了十几年来甲壳素衍生物(主要是壳聚糖及其衍生物)液晶性的研究进展。介绍了甲壳素及其衍生物的液晶纺丝及其应用前景。指出甲壳素衍生物已成为纤维素之外生物高分子液晶的一个新的大家族。 相似文献
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Keisuke Kurita Koji Tomita Tomoyoshi Tada Shigeru Ishii Shin-Ichiro Nishimura Kayo Shimoda 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1993,31(2):485-491
β-Chitin was isolated from squid pens, and the characteristic chemical and physical properties were elucidated in comparison with those of shrimp chitin, α-chitin. Deacetylation behavior of the squid chitin was first studied to look into the reactivity of β-chitin and also to establish an efficient procedure for preparing squid chitosan. The squid chitin proved to show much higher reactivity in alkaline deacetylation than shrimp chitin. Although it was deacetylated quite easily, the product assumed a dark brown color under the ordinary reaction conditions for shrimp chitosan. Squid chitosan was successfully prepared by repeated alkaline treatments under mild conditions, particularly with high concentration alkali at low temperatures, without appreciable discoloration. The structural characteristics of the squid chitin were discussed on the basis of the IR and x-ray analysis data. The crystalline structure of squid chitin was destroyed easily on deacetylation compared to that of shrimp chitin, and moreover, the resulting squid chitosan was amorphous unlike crystalline shrimp chitosan. The squid chitin was characterized by the remarkable affinity for organic solvents and water. Squid chitin and chitosan also showed much higher hygroscopicity and retention of the absorbed water than shrimp chitin and chitosan and are considered to be useful as highly hydrophilic materials. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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甲壳素/壳聚糖在环境治理上的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
天然高分子化合物甲壳素、壳聚糖具有原料丰富、无毒、易于生物降解等优点,国内外众多学者对它的开发应用展开研究,本文综述了甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物对环境污染物的去除,介绍了它在环境治理尤其是废水处理中的研究和应用情况。 相似文献
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