仿鲍鱼壳石墨烯多功能纳米复合材料

石墨烯具有力学性能高、电导率优异等特点,然而单层石墨烯纳米片在组装成为宏观纳米复合材料的过程中,往往会出现片层团聚、界面作用弱、无规取向等问题,导致宏观石墨烯纳米复合材料性能远低于单片石墨烯。因此,如何将微观石墨烯纳米片层的高性能在宏观纳米复合材料中体现出来,是目前研究的热点和难点。本专论结合目前石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究现状,简要讨论了受天然鲍鱼壳的“砖-泥”结构的启发,仿生构筑高性能石墨烯纳米复合材料的最新研究进展。并对本课题组在仿鲍鱼壳石墨烯多功能纳米复合材料领域近年来的工作进行介绍,包括石墨烯纤维、薄膜和块材等多种宏观石墨烯纳米复合材料,系统总结构筑仿鲍鱼壳结构和反鲍鱼壳结构两种策略,在一定程度上解决了石墨烯在组装过程中的科学问题。同时,详细阐述了仿鲍鱼壳石墨烯多功能纳米复合材料的增强增韧机制和功能化策略,分析了今后研究工作中可能遇到的问题,并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

高分子固液复合界面与液体黏附调控

受猪笼草口缘区润滑效应启发,将低表面能液体注入高分子微纳米多孔结构中可构筑高分子固液复合界面.与超疏水固体界面相比,固液复合界面展现出独特的浸润性和黏附性.界面黏附是高分子复合材料重要的性质之一,实现界面黏附的精准调控对促进这类材料的发展和应用具有至关重要的作用.本文重点从稳定性调控、方向性调控以及原位可逆调控3个方面综述提升固液复合界面黏附可控性的工作,通过在表面微米结构中组装纳米层状及异质纳米层状结构,提高界面黏附的稳定性;使用界面薄层定向冷冻干燥法、激光刻蚀法以及复型法等方法,构筑具有取向结构的高分子固液复合界面,实现界面黏附的方向性调控;通过在界面中引入快速响应的智能基元,设计智能响应高分子固液复合界面,实现界面黏附的原位可逆调控.最后,概述了这类材料目前存在的问题并展望了其未来发展的方向.     

原位插层聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺/α-磷酸锆纳米复合材料及其结构表征

聚合物／层状无机物纳米复合材料因具有常规复合材料所没有的结构、形态及较常规聚合物基复合材料更优异的性能而引起人们的广泛关注．α-磷酸锆（α-ZrP）作为一种合成的结构规整的层状无机物，其离子交换容量（600mmol／100g）是粘土的6倍，并具有长径比可控和粒子尺寸分布较窄等特点，是制备聚合物／层状无机物纳米复合材料的优良基体．以往的研究工作主要集中于金属氧化物／α-ZrP层柱材料和聚电解质膜两类复合材料，有关聚合物／α-ZrP插层复合材料的研究报道较少．聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）是一种具有广泛用途的水溶性高分子，作为聚电解质，     

聚丙烯酰胺/层状无机物纳米复合材料研究进展

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)/层状无机物纳米复合材料相比于纯PAM具有更好的力学性能、超吸水性能、热稳定性能和气体阻隔性能等,是一种性能优异并在采油、农业和卫生学等领域有着广泛应用前景的新型聚合物基纳米复合材料。本文对近年来聚丙烯酰胺/层状无机物纳米复合材料的研究进展进行了综述。首先重点介绍了层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)在有机溶剂和水中剥离分散方面的研究进展,接着综述了PAM/LDH和PAM/粘土纳米复合材料的制备与结构表征,最后阐述了PAM/层状无机物纳米复合材料的流变性能、力学性能和超吸水性能等。     

基于离子偶极相互作用的高分子材料

离子偶极相互作用是一种超分子相互作用,作用基元为带相反电荷的偶极和离子.离子偶极相互作用具有许多特性,如没有方向性和饱和性、自愈性以及动态性.该作用可以同时赋予高分子材料优异的电学性能和力学性能,进而赋予了含有该作用的高分子材料在柔性电子、储能等领域巨大的应用潜力,同时吸引了科学家对该类材料的探索与开发.本文主要总结了我们课题组在基于离子偶极相互作用的高分子材料方面的研究工作,从一系列不同的离子偶极基元出发,构筑具有不同力学以及电学性能的高分子材料,随后介绍了它们的应用.例如人造肌肉、人造皮肤、离子电致发光、触摸板等,可用于可穿戴设备以及人机交互界面.     

聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展

聚合物／层状硅酸盐（ＰＬＳ）纳米复合材料是近１０年迅速发展起来的研究交叉科学。由于聚合物纳米复合材料具有常规聚合物复合材料所没有的结构、形态以及较常规聚合物复合材料更优异的物理力学性能、耐热性和气体液体阻隔性能等,因而显示出重要的科学意义和应用前景。本文综述了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备,结构表征和物理力学性能,对制务过程进行了热力学和动力学分析,最后对其应用前景进行了展望。     

聚氨酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

纳米复合材料由于其纳米尺寸效应 ,表面效应以及纳米粒子与基体界面间强的相互作用 ,具有优于相同组分常规复合材料的力学 ,热学等性能 ,引起了人们的广泛关注 .用纳米材料改性聚合物 ,制备纳米复合材料是获得高性能高分子复合材料的重要方法 ,采用较多的是插层复合法 ,可分为两类 ,一是单体预先插层于层状结构填料的晶片层间 ,然后聚合 ;二是聚合物溶液或熔体直接插层于层状结构填料的晶片层间 .聚氨酯 (PU)是由多异氰酸酯与多元醇通过加聚反应而形成的高聚物 ,其重复结构单元是氨基甲酸酯链段( R2 OCONHR1NHCOO) .PU弹性体具有耐磨…     

剥离型硅橡胶/黏土纳米复合材料研究

利用层状硅酸盐制备有机 无机纳米复合材料是当前人们研究的热点[1,2 ] ,这类材料具有较常规聚合物 无机填料复合材料无法比拟的优点 ,可以明显改善高分子材料的物理机械性能、热稳定性、气体阻隔性、阻燃性、导电性、光学性等 .一般来说 ,聚合物 层状硅酸盐 (Ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｌａｙｅｒｅｄｓｉｌｉｃａｔｅ ,ＰＬＳ)纳米复合材料可分为插层型和剥离型两种类型 .插层型纳米复合材料即聚合物插入到硅酸盐层中 ,硅酸盐在近程仍保持原有的有序晶体结构 ,在远程则是无序的 .对弹性体而言 ,硅酸盐含量在插层型杂化材料中的含量比较高 ,力学性能…     

聚酰胺/粘土纳米复合材料的制备、结构表征及性能研究

聚酰胺／粘土纳米复合材料，由于粘土以纳米尺度均匀地分散在聚酰胺基体中以及粘土与基体间强的化学结合，较常规填充增强聚酰胺复合材料具有更高强度、模量、耐热、气体阻隔等性能，是一种性能优异的聚酰胺材料。本文重点综述了该混杂材料的制备、结构表征、特殊的界面相互作用、力学性能、结晶行为及结晶动力学等方面的研究，并展望该材料的应用前景。     

聚丙烯/层状双氢氧化物纳米复合材料研究进展

聚丙烯/层状双氢氧化物纳米复合材料是近年来开发的新型聚合物基复合材料,具有与纯聚合物基体不同的结晶行为,而且表现出优异的机械力学性能、耐热性能、阻燃性能和耐紫外线功能等,有着广泛的应用前景。本文首先对层状双氢氧化物的结构、组成与制备方法进行简要介绍,然后重点阐述了聚丙烯/层状双氢氧化物纳米复合材料的制备、分散结构表征、结晶行为以及力学和热学等性能方面的研究进展,最后对其应用前景进行展望。     

Layered nanocomposites inspired by the structure and mechanical properties of nacre

Nacre (mother-of-pearl), made of inorganic and organic constituents (95 vol% aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) platelets and 5 vol% elastic biopolymers), possesses a unique combination of remarkable strength and toughness, which is compatible for conventional high performance materials. The excellent mechanical properties are related to its hierarchical structure and precisely designed organic-inorganic interface. The rational design of aragonite platelet strength, aspect ratio of aragonite platelets, and interface strength ensures that the strength of nacre is maximized under platelet pull-out failure mode. At the same time, the synergy of strain hardening mechanisms acting over multiple scales results in platelets sliding on one another, and thus maximizes the energy dissipation of viscoplastic biopolymers. The excellent integrated mechanical properties with hierarchical structure have inspired chemists and materials scientists to develop biomimetic strategies for artificial nacre materials. This critical review presents a broad overview of the state-of-the-art work on the preparation of layered organic-inorganic nanocomposites inspired by nacre, in particular, the advantages and disadvantages of various biomimetic strategies. Discussion is focused on the effect of the layered structure, interface, and component loading on strength and toughness of nacre-mimic layered nanocomposites (148 references).     

Tough and Conductive Nacre-inspired MXene/Epoxy Layered Bulk Nanocomposites

A long-standing quest in materials science has been the development of tough epoxy resin nanocomposites for use in numerous applications. Inspired by nacre, here we report tough and conductive MXene/epoxy layered bulk nanocomposites. The orientation of MXene lamellar scaffolds is enhanced by annealing treatment. The improved interfacial interactions between MXene lamellar scaffold and epoxy through surface chemical modification resulted in a synergistic effect. Tailoring the interlayer spacing of MXene nanosheets to a critical distance resulted in a fracture toughness about eight times higher than that of pure epoxy, surpassing other epoxy nanocomposites. Our nacre-inspired MXene/epoxy layered bulk nanocomposites also show high electrical conductivity that provides self-monitoring capability for structural integrity and exhibits an excellent electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency. Our proposed strategy provides an avenue for fabricating high-performance epoxy nanocomposites.     

Ultra‐Tough Inverse Artificial Nacre Based on Epoxy‐Graphene by Freeze‐Casting

Epoxy nanocomposites combining high toughness with advantageous functional properties are needed in many fields. However, fabricating high‐performance homogeneous epoxy nanocomposites with traditional methods remains a great challenge. Nacre with outstanding fracture toughness presents an ideal blueprint for the development of future epoxy nanocomposites. Now, high‐performance epoxy‐graphene layered nanocomposites were demonstrated with ultrahigh toughness and temperature‐sensing properties. These nanocomposites are composed of ca. 99 wt % organic epoxy, which is in contrast to the composition of natural nacre (ca. 96 wt % inorganic aragonite). These nanocomposites are named an inverse artificial nacre. The fracture toughness reaches about 4.2 times higher than that of pure epoxy. The electrical resistance is temperature‐sensitive and stable under various humidity conditions. This strategy opens an avenue for fabricating high‐performance epoxy nanocomposites with functional properties.     

Functionalization of single layers and nanofibers: a new strategy to produce polymer nanocomposites with optimized properties

Nanocomposites are the emerging materials of the 21st century in view of their possessing design uniqueness without any compromises, certain unusual property combinations that are not found in conventional composites, as well as a wide spectrum of applications. Polymer-based layered compound nanocomposites have special place in view of their best property enhancement. Hence, the objective of this article is to bring new ideas to optimize the design of polymer/layered compounds/fibrous nanocomposites, starting with a brief overview of the preparation, structure, properties and applications. The proposed strategy suggests the use of synthetic and natural layered compounds, taking into account their ability to be exfoliated in the form of single layers, which can be chemically grafted with key molecules. The same procedure can also be applied to fibrous materials. These surface-grafted molecules can carry reactive groups to be bonded to the polymer matrices. Thus adhesion between the reinforcement and the polymer matrix can be achieved. This methodology, which has not been explored systematically in the specialized literature, can be used to produce polymer nanocomposites with low-cost fibrous materials having similarity to expensive carbon nanotubes exhibiting optimized dispersion, interfacial bonding, and attractive physical and other properties.     

Interfacial effects in organophilic montmorillonite–poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) nanocomposites

In the last few years much progress has been made in the development of hybrid polymer–inorganic filler nanocomposites. Nevertheless, many questions remain. The comprehension of the structure and the interactions at the polymer–nanofiller interface are crucial to foresee and control the properties of nanocomposites. Because of the high surface ratio of the inorganic nanofiller, the interface is expected to have a prevailing role in determining the nanocomposite properties. In this study we use X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a tool for the surface characterization of an organophilic montmorillonite/poly(ε‐caprolactone) exfoliated nanocomposite. The XPS core levels of the nanocomposite have been compared with those obtained from its precursors, and analyzed as reference compounds to evaluate eventual differences attributable to the polymer–nanofiller interfacial interactions. The XPS investigation has allowed us to propose a qualitative model of possible interface interactions between poly(ε‐caprolactone) and the organo‐modified montmorillonite. The model is substantiated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3907–3919, 2004     

Polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites with improved thermal properties: Part I. Factors influencing thermal stability and mechanisms of thermal stability improvement

The results of recent research indicate that the introduction of layered silicate - montmorillonite - into polymer matrix results in increase of thermal stability of a number of polymer nanocomposites. Due to characteristic structure of layers in polymer matrix and nanoscopic dimensions of filler particles, several effects have been observed that can explain the changes in thermal properties. The level of surface activity may be directly influenced by the mechanical interfacial adhesion or thermal stability of organic compound used to modify montmorillonite. Thus, increasing the thermal stability of montmorillonite and resultant nanocomposites is one of the key points in the successful technical application of polymer-clay nanocomposites on the industrial scale. Basing on most recent research, this work presents a detailed examination of factors influencing thermal stability, including the role of chemical constitution of organic modifier, composition and structure of nanocomposites, and mechanisms of improvement of thermal stability in polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites.     

Improving Thermal and Flame Retardant Properties of Epoxy Resin with Organic NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxide‐Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids

To improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and flame retardancy of layered double hydroxide (LDH) in epoxy resin (EP), organic nickel‐iron layered double hydroxide (ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs) hybrids were assembled through co‐precipitation. These hybrids were further used as reinforcing filler in EP. EP/ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs nanocomposites containing 4 wt% of ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs with different ratios of ONiFe‐LDH and CNTs were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and program temperature curing. The structure and morphology of the obtained hybrids were characterized by different techniques. The dispersion of nanofillers in the EP matrix was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed a coexistence of exfoliated and intercalated ONiFe‐LDH‐ CNTs in polymer matrix. Strong combination of the above nanofillers with the EP matrix provided an efficient thermal and flame retardant improvement for the nanocomposites. It showed that EP/ONiFe‐LDH‐CNTs nanocomposites exhibited superior flame retardant and thermal properties compared with EP. Such improved thermal properties could be attributed to the better homogeneous dispersion, stronger interfacial interaction, excellent charring performance of ONiFe‐LDH and synergistic effect between ONiFe‐LDH and CNTs.     

Role,effect, and influences of micro and nano‐fillers on various properties of polymer matrix composites for microelectronics: A review

Ever since the discovery of polymer composites, its potential has been anticipated for numerous applications in various fields such as microelectronics, automobiles, and industrial applications. In this paper, we review filler reinforced polymer composites for its enormous potential in microelectronic applications. The interface and compatibility between matrix and filler have a significant role in property alteration of a polymer nanocomposites. Ceramic reinforced polymeric nanocomposites are promising candidate dielectric materials for several micro‐ and nano‐electronic devices. Because of its synergistic effect like high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and dielectric constant of ceramic fillers with the polymer matrix, the resultant nanocomposites have high dielectric breakdown strength. The thermal and dielectric properties are discussed in the view of filler alignment techniques and its effect on the composites. Furthermore, the effect of various surface modified filler materials in polymer matrix, concepts of network forming using filler, and benefits of filler alignment are also discussed in this work. As a whole, this review article addresses the overall view to novice researchers on various properties such as thermal and dielectric properties of polymer matrix composites and direction for future research to be carried out.     

无机层状纳米材料与聚苯胺的复合研究

聚苯胺被认为是最有希望在实际中得到广泛应用的导电聚合物，通过与无机层状纳米材料的复合改性，其复合物在二次电池电解质、光电转换、热电、磁电、电致流变等新材料领域显示出诱人前景。本文对无机层状材料与聚苯胺的复合方法、复合物性质及其应用前景进行了评述。