纳米Pd/ZSM-5的原位法制备及催化肉桂醛加氢

采用共沸精镏辅助的原位法成功合成了高度分散的Pd纳米颗粒负载在ZSM-5中(Pd/ZSM-5-IS)分子筛催化剂。通过XRD、TEM、XPS等手段对Pd/ZSM-5-IS的样品进行了表征,并考察反应压力、反应温度、反应时间对肉桂醛加氢催化性能的影响。结果表明:原位法制备的Pd/ZSM-5-IS催化剂比浸渍法制备的Pd/ZSM-5-IM催化剂具有更高的催化稳定性,其主要归因于Pd纳米颗粒进入ZSM-5的晶内介孔有效防止活性位点的损失和聚集。当反应温度为80℃,反应压力为1 MPa,反应时间为3 h时为最佳反应条件,肉桂醛的转化率为87.23%,苯丙醛的选择性为76.68%。     

铈锰/硅基气凝胶载体的制备及其在合成碳酸二苯酯中的应用

分别采用原位合成法、浸渍法制备不同组成的铈锰/硅基气凝胶载体,利用XRD、BET、TEM、EDS、FT-IR等手段对其结构进行表征.结果表明:采用浸渍法制备的铈锰/复合硅基气凝胶,铈锰金属氧化物为纳米尺寸颗粒,孔道保留较为完整.以苯酚催化氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯反应,考察了铈锰/硅基复合气凝胶载体载钯催化剂的催化性能,结果表明以浸渍法制备组分为m(Ce+Mn)/m(SiO_2)=20%载钯催化剂,在反应压力5 MPa、反应温度75℃、反应时间6 h时,碳酸二苯酯单程收率可达21.58%,选择性为99.27%.     

Pd/BiOCl高效室温催化甲醛产氢性能研究

利用浸渍-还原法制备Bi OCl纳米片负载的钯纳米颗粒催化剂(Pd/Bi OCl),对室温催化氧化HCHO产氢性能进行了研究,并与纯Pd纳米颗粒催化效果进行了对比.研究结果表明,Pd/Bi OCl催化剂在有效降低贵金属Pd用量情况下(仅为2%wt),仍表现出比纯Pd纳米颗粒更高的催化HCHO产氢的性能.此外,通过进一步优化甲醛浓度、氢氧化钠浓度、氧气浓度和反应温度等参数,Pd/Bi OCl催化氧化HCHO产氢速率最高可达到200 m L/(min*gcatalyst).进一步研究结果表明,Pd/Bi OCl催化HCHO产氢反应的活化能仅为15.2 k J/mol,远低于无催化剂条件下甲醛产氢的活化能65 k J/mol.     

Pd/La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)MnO_3/ZSM-5的制备及其甲苯催化燃烧活性

以贵金属改性的钙钛矿为活性组分,通过等体积浸渍法制备了Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/ZSM-5催化剂,并采用XRD、BET、SEM和H2-TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征。在固定床反应器上,对Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/ZSM-5催化剂上的甲苯为目标污染物的催化燃烧进行了研究,考察了焙烧温度、负载量及ZSM-5的性质对其催化活性的影响。结果表明,所得到Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3催化剂仍保持钙钛矿型结构,Pd均匀的分布在催化剂表面,有利于催化剂活性的提高。当ZSM-5硅铝原子比为25、La0.8Ce0.2MnO3负载量为20%、焙烧温度为750℃时,La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/ZSM-5上甲苯的起燃温度和完全转化温度分别为200和279℃;加入0.3%的Pd后,Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/ZSM-5的催化活性明显提高,甲苯起燃温度下降了90℃,完全转化温度可低至230℃。     

对苯二酚催化加氢制备1,4-环己二醇的研究

对Pt/C、Pd/C、Ru/C、Rh/C和Raney Ni几种催化剂,以及以钌为活性组分的催化剂载体如活性碳、SiO2、Al-MCM-41、ZSM-5、MgO、TiO2在对苯二酚加氢反应中的催化活性进行了比较.结果表明Ru/C催化剂的催化活性和对目的产物的选择性最好.对Ru/C催化剂催化对苯二酚加氢反应的反应条件如反应温度,氢气压力,反应溶剂,反应时间等对反应转化率和产物选择性的影响进行了讨论.反应的适宜条件为:反应物和催化剂的物质量比为367∶1,温度为150℃、氢气压力5 MPa,乙醇为溶剂,反应时间2 h.在此反应条件下,对苯二酚的转化率为98.8%,目的产物1,4-环己二醇的选择性为77.7%.并根据产物随时间的变化规律对该反应路径进行了分析.     

纳米Au/ZSM-5催化剂的制备及其对分子氧氧化β-紫罗兰酮的催化性能

利用硝基甲烷还原法制备了一系列不同粒径的纳米Au颗粒,用浸渍法担载于ZSM-5分子筛上制得Au/ZSM-5催化剂,并考察了其对分子氧氧化β-紫罗兰酮的催化性能.结果发现,该催化剂可以有效地催化分子氧氧化β-紫罗兰酮生成5,6-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮、4-氧代-β-紫罗兰酮、4-羟基-β-紫罗兰酮以及少量的二氢猕猴桃内酯,这些产物均是优质的香料及其前体.与传统的铬盐催化剂相比,本文制备的催化剂可选择性地将β-紫罗兰酮氧化为环氧化合物,并且反应后催化剂容易分离.详细探讨了不同载体、氧化剂、溶剂、反应温度和反应时间对β-紫罗兰酮氧化反应的影响.结果表明,催化剂的催化性能与担载金的颗粒大小密切相关,同时溶剂的性质也对反应有明显影响.以氯仿为溶剂时催化剂催化性能最好.催化剂循环使用五次仍具有较高的催化活性.     

发烟硫酸中Pd／C催化甲烷选择氧化制甲醇

以PdCl2为前驱体,采用浸渍法制备了Pd/C催化剂,并在发烟硫酸中考察了其催化甲烷选择氧化反应的性能,采用X射线粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱、高分辨透射电镜和CO吸附等方法对催化剂进行了表征. 甲烷选择氧化反应得到的主产物硫酸单甲酯经水解后得到甲醇,在5%Pd/C催化剂、Pd用量30 μmol、反应温度180 ℃、反应压力4.0 MPa、反应时间 4 h 和发烟硫酸中SO3含量为50%的优化工艺条件下,甲烷转化率为23.6%, 甲醇的选择性和收率分别为69.5%和16.4%, 在一定程度上可实现催化剂的多次重复使用. Pd/C催化剂上的甲烷选择氧化反应可能遵循亲电取代机理,催化性能与Pd负载量、Pd粒子尺寸和分散度等有关.     

高活性Pd/MgO催化剂的制备及其CO氧化偶联制草酸二甲酯催化反应

利用溶液法结合高温煅烧处理合成MgO载体,通过浸渍法制备Pd/MgO催化剂并对其进行CO氧化偶联制草酸二甲酯催化性能研究。通过X射线粉末衍射、CO2程序升温脱附、比表面仪、热重分析、扫描电镜、透射电镜和微型催化评价装置对合成的样品进行结构和性能表征。结果表明,合成的MgO载体是一种Lewis碱性很强的纳米片结构,Pd纳米颗粒高度分散在MgO载体上,粒径小且分布均一。此MgO纳米片作为载体制备的Pd/MgO催化剂在较低的Pd负载量(0.5%)下表现出优异的CO氧化偶联催化性能,在反应温度130℃时CO单程转化率高达65%,草酸二甲酯选择性96%,稳定性超过100 h,明显越于工业催化剂(Pd/α-Al2O3),具有潜在的工业应用前景。     

磁性氧化铝负载Pd催化剂对硝基苯加氢催化活性的研究

采用微乳法室温下合成了γ-Al2O3/SiO2/Fe3O4磁性复合颗粒为载体负载的纳米钯催化剂.利用透射电镜、x射线光电子能谱和振动样品磁强计等手段对催化剂进行表征,评价了催化剂对硝基苯加氢制苯胺反应的催化活性.结果表明,通过调控反应条件,可在平均粒径为200nm左右的磁性载体上负载10m左右均匀分散的Pd纳米颗粒,整个催化剂呈现超顺磁性;在催化剂磁含量为8%、Pd负载量1%、反应时间40min、反应温度50℃,反应压力0.5MPa条件下,硝基苯的转化率可以达到100%,催化剂重复使用10次时仍可保持很高的催化活性,并可在外磁场作用下快速分离与回收.     

Fe-Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的NH_3-SCR脱硝性能

通过浸渍法制备了Fe和Cu含量比不同的系列Fe-Cu/ZSM-5催化剂,利用XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD和原位DRIFTS等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并对其NH3-SCR脱硝性能进行了研究。结果表明,双金属改性的Fe-Cu/ZSM-5催化剂活性温度窗口拓宽,其中,Fe-Cu/ZSM-5 1∶4催化剂脱硝性能优异,250-450℃下脱硝效率均超过90%,335℃时脱硝效率达到最大值96.46%。铜和铁物种能以无定型氧化物良好分散于载体表面,双金属负载改性催化剂保留了ZSM-5的晶体结构。Fe-Cu/ZSM-5 1∶4催化剂具备丰富的酸性位、良好的氧化还原性能,一定温度条件下NH3-SCR反应过程中同时存在E-R机理和L-H机理,且E-R机理反应起始温度低于L-H机理;200℃为催化脱硝反应的起活温度。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.