n-Ag/AD/PLGA功能性材料的制备及生物学性能

利用静电纺丝技术制备了纳米银(n-Ag)/山莨菪碱(AD)/聚乳酸-乙醇酸(PLGA)功能性材料.通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)研究了材料的微观结构及组成,评价了材料的体外药物释放、抑菌性、细胞相容性及细胞毒性.FTIR结果表明,山莨菪碱已担载到n-Ag/AD/PLGA材料中,且随着山莨菪碱含量的增加,n-Ag/AD/PLGA材料内纤维的平均直径逐渐增大.药物释放试验结果证明,山莨菪碱可以逐渐释放.当山莨菪碱的质量分数为1%~5%时,n-Ag/AD/PLGA材料无毒性,且有助于小鼠L929成纤维细胞的生长和增殖.研究结果表明,n-Ag/AD/PLGA材料具有良好的抗菌性能和细胞相容性,担载的山莨菪碱可有效释放,为糖尿病足部感染的临床治疗提供新的人工敷料.     

纳米银在细菌纤维素凝胶膜中的原位合成及性能表征

在细菌纤维素纳米纤维网络结构中采用吐伦试剂与含醛基化合物原位反应生成纳米银颗粒, 制备了纳米银/细菌纤维素(n-Ag/BC)复合凝胶膜, 研究了不同反应条件对复合材料的银含量、 化学结构和晶体结构的影响以及n-Ag/BC的微观结构和纳米银在纤维素网络中的存在形态; 探讨了纳米银颗粒在纤维素网络中的形成机理; 采用伤口常见细菌之一金黄色葡萄球菌测试了n-Ag/BC的抑菌性能; 将n-Ag/BC与胎鼠表皮细胞共培养考察了材料的生物相容性. 研究结果表明, 在细菌纤维素纳米网络结构中可生成直径约为几十纳米的单质纳米银粒子; n-Ag/BC的银含量随着吐伦试剂浓度的增加而增加, 同时银含量还取决于含醛基化合物的用量; 原位反应生成纳米银粒子后细菌纤维素的晶型和结晶度没有发生变化; 纳米银颗粒在细菌纤维素纳米网络结构的交叉处生成, 复合材料n-Ag/BC对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到99%以上, 不影响细胞的增殖和分化过程, 具有良好的生物相容性, 是一种有广阔应用前景的创伤修复抗感染材料.     

聚乳酸-聚己内酯复合纳米纤维支架的制备和表征

在二氧六环/乙醇溶剂体系中,采用凝胶抽提相分离法制备了聚乳酸-聚己内酯(PLLA-PCL)复合纳米纤维支架,研究了凝胶温度、聚合物比例、聚合物浓度、致孔剂及二氧六环/乙醇(溶剂/非溶剂)比例对复合纳米纤维支架结构与性能的影响.结果表明,当凝胶温度处于-20~-10℃,PCL含量为30%~50%,非溶剂含量不超过15%,致孔剂与溶质质量比不超过20∶1时,均能得到具有类似于天然细胞外基质的纳米纤维(50~500 nm)结构的PLLA-PCL复合纤维支架.随着PCL含量的增加,复合纤维支架的弹性模量减小;PCL含量为30%时,复合支架的相容性和结晶性最好.该复合纤维支架具有良好的生物活性和一定的降解性能.     

化学键合法制备长效抗菌聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯材料及其性能

通过化学反应将抗菌剂聚六亚甲基盐酸胍(PHMG)键合到聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)基体上,制得抗菌剂质量分数为15%的PET抗菌母料(PET-g-PHMG),PHMG与PET的键合效率达93.7%.透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明,化学键的键合作用提高了PHMG与PET的相容性,使得极性的PHMG以纳米尺寸均匀分布在PET-g-PHMG中.在PET基体中添加少量PET-g-PHMG,可制成不同抗菌剂含量的PET样品,抗菌母料PET-g-PHMG的添加可抑制PET基体的降解,提高抗菌PET样品的特性黏度.所得抗菌PET样品对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均在99%以上,即使反复水洗,抗菌性能也无明显降低.该抗菌PET样品具有良好的可纺性,通过熔融纺丝可以制成抗菌PET纤维,其抗菌性能具有耐水洗性,抗菌动力学测试结果表明,该抗菌PET样品对革兰氏阴性和阳性细菌还具有较快速的杀灭作用.     

具有抗菌性能的载药复合微纳米纤维的制备及其结构和性能表征

利用静电纺丝技术制备了一种具有抗菌性能的氧化锌(ZnO)/聚乳酸(PLA)/聚己内酯(PCL)载药微纳米纤维膜,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分别对复合膜的表面形态、元素组成和化学结构进行表征。通过抗菌实验评价了复合膜的抗菌性能,用紫外分光光度计测试复合膜在体外的药物释放行为。结果显示,以物理共混的方式将ZnO和氢溴酸高乌甲素(LAH)成功载入复合微纳米纤维;与PLA/PCL复合微纳米纤维膜相比,ZnO/PLA/PCL复合微纳米纤维膜表现出更好的抗菌效率。当ZnO含量为10%(wt)时,复合微纳米纤维膜具有最佳的抗菌性能;药物释放性能结果表明,ZnO/PLA/PCL复合微纳米纤维膜具有良好的药物缓释性能。     

疏水改性壳聚糖/银纳米粒子支架的制备与抗菌性能评价

在战争、自然灾害及交通事故中,不可控出血及伤口感染的非及时处理导致大量的人员伤亡。为有效解决上述问题,本研究基于贻贝仿生化学制备了疏水改性壳聚糖/银纳米粒子复合支架,对支架的物理、化学及生物学性能进行系统性评价。扫描、透射电子显微镜及X-射线光电能谱结果表明,银纳米粒子原位负载于支架的三维网络中。体内/外抗菌实验结果证实,支架对革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌与革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌具有优良的抗菌活性。体外细胞毒性实验结果表明,贻贝仿生疏水改性壳聚糖/银纳米粒子复合支架具有良好的细胞相容性。结果表明该支架是一种具有潜在应用价值的创伤敷料。     

同轴静电纺丝法制备具有核-壳纤维结构的多功能敷料

利用同轴静电纺丝制备了具有核壳结构纳米纤维的未交联敷料,其中纤维内核为载有抗菌药物莫匹罗星的聚己内酯(PCL),外壳则由载有麻醉剂利多卡因的胶原构成;通过京尼平将胶原外壳交联后得到交联敷料.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了未交联敷料的表面形貌和纤维的核壳结构.体外药物释放实验结果表明,在2种敷料中,2种药物在1 h内均出现了突释现象,而在随后的60 h中,2种药物均能从敷料中缓慢释放出来,说明2种敷料均具有较好的持续止痛与抗菌性能.二辛可宁酸(Bicinchonininc acid,BCA)蛋白测试结果表明,未交联敷料外壳上的胶原蛋白能够持续地释放出来.体外细胞培养结果表明,与交联敷料相比,未交联敷料能够更好地促进成纤维细胞L929的黏附和生长,具有更好的促进伤口愈合作用.体外抗菌实验结果显示,负载了莫匹罗星的2种敷料的抗菌性能均明显高于对照组,具有良好的抗菌性能.     

海藻酸盐/壳聚糖衍生物复合抗菌纤维

通过溶液纺丝法制备海藻酸盐/羧甲基壳聚糖（CMC）共混纤维,并用红外光谱,X射线衍射和扫描电镜对共混纤维进行了表征.结果表明：共混体系中的两种组分之间存在着较强的相互作用,有良好的相容性.当ωCMC=0.30时,共混纤维的干态抗张强度达到最大值,13.8cN/tex.当ωCMC=0.10时,纤维的干态断裂伸长率可达23.1%.纤维的湿态抗张强度和断裂伸长率随着CMC含量的增加而降低.CMC的引入,可显著提高纤维的吸水率.用壳聚糖季铵盐对纤维进行处理,可赋予纤维抗菌性.     

用高度取向石墨烯/聚乳酸(Gr/PLLA)复合超细纤维构建神经导管

制备了一种高度取向的石墨烯(Gr)/聚乳酸(PLLA)复合超细纤维,并构建了神经导管,研究了Gr/PLLA促进神经细胞生长与分化的协同诱导作用.研究结果表明,Gr/PLLA具有较好的纤维形貌与取向度;Gr的引入提高了纤维的热性能及力学性能;Gr加入量(≤1%)的增加及纤维取向度的提高使雪旺细胞(SCs)的黏附数量及伸展比例均呈增加趋势;Gr/PLLA纤维可促进SCs的增殖,雪旺细胞在96 h时达到最佳生长状态,表明Gr/PLLA纤维具有较好的细胞相容性.基于细胞形貌及轴突数量统计发现,Gr/PLLA纤维也能促进大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤(PC12细胞)的神经分化.直径为2 mm的Gr/PLLA纤维导管具有较好的纤维取向度和抗压能力,能促进细胞沿管轴方向取向生长.     

静电纺丝法制备胆固醇-g-聚乳酸液晶/ 聚乳酸复合纳米纤维膜

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂, 胆固醇(CHOL)为共引发剂引发D,L-丙交酯开环聚合, 制备了胆固醇-g-聚(D,L-乳酸)(CHOL-g-PDLLA)低聚物, 采用偏光显微镜(POM)和差示扫描量热(DSC)方法考察了其液晶特性. 通过静电纺丝技术制备了CHOL/PDLLA和CHOL-g-PDLLA /PDLLA复合纳米纤维膜, 对其形貌、界面相容性、孔隙率、拉伸性能和细胞相容性进行了研究. 结果表明, CHOL-g-PDLLA为一种热致胆甾型液晶, 液晶温度区间为21.8~74.5 ℃; CHOL-g-PDLLA/PDLLA复合纳米纤维膜的纤维形态良好, 表面均匀光滑, 孔隙率在70%~75%之间, 且其界面相容性优于相应的CHOL/PDLLA. 随着CHOL和CHOL-g-PDLLA含量的增加, 复合纳米纤维膜的拉伸强度逐渐下降, 但CHOL-g-PDLLA/PDLLA复合纳米纤维膜的拉伸强度显著大于CHOL/PDLLA. 体外骨髓间充质干细胞培养结果显示, CHOL-g-PDLLA/PDLLA复合纳米纤维膜具有良好的细胞相容性, 且优于相应的PDLLA和CHOL/PDLLA纳米纤维膜.     

Novel Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan/Modified Graphene Oxide Biocomposite for Wound Dressing Application

Rapid absorption of wound exudate and prevention of wound infection are prerequisites for wound dressing to accelerate wound healing. In this study, a novel kind of promising wound dressing is developed by incorporating polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)‐modified graphene oxide (mGO) into the poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) matrix, conferring the dressing the required mechanical properties, higher water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), less swelling time, improved antibacterial activity, and more cell proliferation compared to the PVA/CS film crosslinked by genipin. In vivo experiments indicate that the PVA/CS/mGO composite film can accelerate wound healing via enhancement of the re‐epithelialization. PVA/CS/mGO composite film with 0.5 wt% mGO sheets displays the best wound healing properties, as manifested by the 50% higher antibacterial rate compared to GO and the wound healing rate of the mouse using this dressing is about 41% faster than the control group and 31% faster than the pure PVA/CS dressing. The underlying mechanism of the accelerated wound healing properties may be a result of the improved antibacterial ability to eradicate pathogenic bacteria on the wound area and maintain an appropriate moist aseptic wound healing environment to accelerate re‐epithelialization. These findings suggest that this novel composite PVA/CS/mGO film may have promising applications in wound dressing.     

Engineering quaternized chitosan in the 3D bacterial cellulose structure for antibacterial wound dressings

Balancing antibacterial properties with biocompatibility is of paramount importance for wound dressings loaded with antibacterial agents. In this work, a water soluble antibacterial agent, quaternized chitosan (hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan, HACC) with an appropriate degree of substitution was introduced into the bacterial cellulose (BC) network by adding it into the BC culture medium. Results indicated that the addition of HACC could affect the yield of BC, porous structure, thermal stability, water absorption and antibacterial properties. HBC-1 with a low content of HACC (13.65 ± 0.30%) cannot inhibit the biofilm formation of bacteria, while HBC-3 with a high content of HACC (62.05 ± 0.90%) has a low yield of BC and confused structure. HBC-2 with an optimum concentration of HACC (37.33 ± 0.80%) possessed a typical porous structure, acceptable thermal stability, good water absorption and favorable antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 25923) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (ATCC 43300). Most importantly, none of the HACC/BC films exhibited cytotoxicity to NIH3T3 cells. We believe that obtained HACC/BC films with favorable bactericidal properties and biocompatibility could be potential candidates for wound dressings in clinical applications.     

Development of Gelatin‐Alginate Hydrogels for Burn Wound Treatment

Hydrogels are interesting as wound dressing for burn wounds to maintain a moist environment. Especially gelatin and alginate based wound dressings show strong potential. Both polymers are modified by introducing photocrosslinkable functionalities and combined to hydrogel films (gel‐MA/alg‐MA). In one protocol gel‐MA films are incubated in alg‐MA solutions and crosslinked afterward into double networks. Another protocol involves blending both and subsequent photocrosslinking. The introduction of alginate into the gelatin matrix results in phase separation with polysaccharide microdomains in a protein matrix. Addition of alg(‐MA) to gel‐MA leads to an increased swelling compared to 100% gelatin and similar to the commercial Aquacel Ag dressing. In vitro tests show better cell adhesion for films which have a lower alginate content and also have superior mechanical properties. The hydrogel dressings exhibit good biocompatibility with adaptable cell attachment properties. An adequate gelatin‐alginate ratio should allow application of the materials as wound dressings for several days without tissue ingrowth.     

Hydrogel Complex Containing the Antimicrobial Peptide HX-12C Accelerates Healing of Infected Wounds

Bacterial infections of the wound surface can be painful for patients, and traditional dressings do not effectively address this problem. In this study, an antimicrobial wound dressing is prepared using a novel antimicrobial peptide, HX-12C. This hydrogel system is based on the natural biomaterials sodium alginate and gelatin, utilizing calcium carbonate as a source of Ca²⁺, and ionic cross-linking is facilitated by lowering the solution pH. The resulting sodium alginate/gelatin HX-12C-loaded hydrogel (CaAGEAM) has good mechanical and adhesion properties, biocompatibility and in vitro degradability. Its extraordinary antibacterial efficacy (>98%) is verified by an antibacterial experiment. More importantly, in vivo experiments further demonstrate its healing-promotion effect, with a 95% wound healing rate by day 9. Tissue staining demonstrates that the hydrogel containing antimicrobial peptides is effective in suppressing inflammation. The dressing promotes wound healing by stimulating the deposition of skin appendages and collagen. The results of this study suggest that composite hydrogels containing antimicrobial peptides are a promising new type of dressing to promote the healing of infected wounds.     

Preparation and Properties of Chitosan/Konjac Glucomannan Blend Fibers

Chitosan and konjac glucomannan (KGM) blend fibers were prepared by spinning their solution through a viscose‐type spinneret into a coagulating bath containing aqueous sodium hydroxide and ethanol. The structure and properties of the blend fibers were studied with the aids of infrared spectra (IR), scanning electron micrography (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The structure analysis indicated that there were strong interaction and good miscibility between the chitosan and KGM molecule which resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Mechanical properties and water‐retention properties were measured. Through controlling blend conditions, blend fibers can obtain better mechanical properties than the pure chitosan fiber. The water‐retention values (WRV) of blend fibers increase as the amount of KGM is raised. The fibers treated with alcoholic solution of acetic acid have good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus.     

Fine-Tuning the Endcap Chemistry of Acrylated Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Based Hydrogels for Efficient Burn Wound Exudate Management

Most commercial dressings with moderate to high exudate uptake capacities are mechanically weaker and/or require a secondary dressing. The current research article focuses on the development of hydrogel-based wound dressings combining mechanical strength with high exudate absorption capacities using acrylate-endcapped urethane-based precursors (AUPs). AUPs with varying poly(ethylene glycol) backbone molar masses (10 and 20 kg mol⁻¹) and endcap chemistries are successfully synthesized in toluene, subsequently processed into UV-cured hydrogel sheets and are benchmarked against several commercial wound dressings (Hydrosorb, Kaltostat, and Mepilex Ag). The AUP materials show high gel fractions (>90%) together with strong swelling degrees in water, phosphate buffered saline and simulated wound fluid (12.7–19.6 g g⁻¹), as well as tunable mechanical properties (e.g., Young's modulus: 0.026–0.061 MPa). The AUPs have significantly (p < 0.05) higher swelling degrees than the tested commercial dressings, while also being mechanically resistant. The elasticity of the synthesized materials leads to an increased resistance against fatigue. The di- and hexa-acrylated AUPs show excellent in vitro biocompatibility against human foreskin fibroblasts, as evidenced by indirect MTS assays and live/dead cell assays. In conclusion, the processed AUP materials demonstrate high potential for wound healing application and can even compete with commercially available dressings.     

Mussel-Inspired Adhesive,Antibacterial, and Stretchable Composite Hydrogel for Wound Dressing

Hydrogels have attracted extensive attention in the field of biomedicine because of their similar structure to extracellular matrix (ECM) and good biocompatibility. However, the adhesiveness, mechanical properties, and antibacterial properties of conventional hydrogels are not satisfactory. In this study, multifunctional chitosan/polydopamine/polyacrylamide (CS/PDA/PAM) hydrogels are prepared through a nature-inspired strategy. The catechol group of polydopamine (PDA) component endows CS/PDA/PAM hydrogels with tissue adhesion and self-healing properties. The introduction of chitosan (CS) not only greatly improves antibacterial ability, but also enhances the mechanical properties of CS/PDA/PAM hydrogels. Skin wound healing experiments show that CS/PDA/PAM hydrogels could accelerate skin tissue regeneration and promote wound healing. Therefore, CS/PDA/PAM hydrogels have great potential in the application of new wound dressings.     

Gamma Radiation‐Induced Crosslinked PVA/Chitosan Blends for Wound Dressing

Crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan polymer blends have been prepared by using gamma irradiation. Chitosan was used in the blends to prevent microbiological growth, such as bacteria and fungi on the polymer. The physical properties of the blend, such as gelation, water absorption, and mechanical properties were examined to evaluate the possibility of its application for wound dressing. A mixture of PVA/chitosan, with different ratios, were exposed to gamma irradiation doses of 20, 30, 50 KGy, to evaluate the effect of irradiation dose on the physical properties of the blend. It was found that the gel fraction increases with increasing irradiation dose and PVA concentration in the blend. Swelling percent increased as the composition of chitosan increased in the blend. The PVA/chitosan blend has a water content in the range between 40% and 60% and water absorption between 60% and 100%. The water vapor transmission rate value (WVRT) of the PVA/chitosan blend varies between 50% and 70%. The examination of the microbe penetration shows that the prepared blend can be considered as a good barrier against microbes. Thus, the PVA/chitosan blend showed satisfactory properties for use as a wound dressing.     

Preparation and Application of Quaternized Chitosan- and AgNPs-Base Synergistic Antibacterial Hydrogel for Burn Wound Healing

Infection is the major reason that people die from burns; however, traditional medical dressings such as gauze cannot restrain bacterial growth and enhance the healing process. Herein, an organic- and inorganic-base hydrogel with antibacterial activities was designed and prepared to treat burn wounds. Oxidized dextran (ODex) and adipic dihydrazide grafted hyaluronic acid (HA-ADH) were prepared, mixed with quaternized chitosan (HACC) and silver nanoparticles to fabricate Ag@ODex/HA-ADH/HACC hydrogel. The hydrogel, composed of nature biomaterials, has a good cytocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, the hydrogel has an excellent antibacterial ability and presents fast healing for burn wounds compared with commercial Ag dressings. The Ag@ODex/HA-ADH/HACC hydrogel will be a promising wound dressing to repair burn wounds and will significantly decrease the possibility of bacterial infection.     

Preparation and characterization of ternary composite films of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Nano-TiO₂ with anionic surface active agent sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) modified, the poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate/TiO₂ composite films were prepared by method of solution blending representing. The structure of the films was analyzed by XRD and SEM. In addition, air permeability rate, swelling ratio, light transmittance, mechanical properties, and antibacterial properties were tested. The results showed that in compound membrane there was a strong force between poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate and TiO₂ particles, indicating that there was good compatibility between the sodium alginate and the poly(vinyl alcohol). The mixed membranes were of good water resistance, tensile strength, and closure. When the titanium dioxide content increased appropriately, they had very good mechanical properties. In addition, the antibacterial properties of composite membrane gradually increased with the increase in the TiO₂content.