Evans手性助剂控制的不对称Michael加成立体选择性研究(Ⅱ)

手性助剂控制的不对称反应是不对称合成的重要方法之一.以Evans手性助剂控制的Michael受体1为底物,在FeCl3催化下,通过不同格式试剂对其进行Michael加成,一步反应得到了一系列含两个手性中心的Michael加成产物2a～2h.获得了较高的立体选择性,其中化合物2d和2e得到了de值高达98%的非对映选择性.研究结果表明,亲核试剂的空间位阻是影响产物立体选择性的主要因素.     

新手性源5-(1-(艹孟)氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮的不对称双Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应的研究

新型手性试剂的合成及其在不对称和天然产物合成中的应用乃是当今有机化学中非常活跃的研究领域。近几年来,利用天然手性助剂薄菏醇、冰片制备具有重要合成价值的手性源,用于不对称反应以及立体选择性合成某些生物活性化合物引起人们重视。在以往研究工作的基础上,我们深入研究了具有独特结构性能的5-(l-(艹孟)氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮新手性源(5a)的合成方法及其串联的双Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应。3-溴呋喃酮新手性试剂5a制备方法简便,化学产率较髙,光学纯度单一。由于5-(1-(艹孟)氧基)-3二溴呋喃酮5a具有独特的结构性能,它可以作为稳定的Michael受体,能够发生串联的双Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应。同时,由于(艹孟)氧基的立体专一性控制,生成了一般合成方法难以合成的手性的丁内酯并螺-环丙烷类化合物。此新手性源的合成及其不对称螺-环丙化反应的研究,为进一步合成一系列新的光学活性环丙烷化合物提供了简便有效的途径。     

发展高效的不对称Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应及其合成应用

为解决不对称Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应中活性和选择性问题,我们设计并发展了一系列结构刚性的手性联芳基单膦配体.在发展高活性的大位阻交叉偶联反应方面,成功地实现了邻位四取代芳基芳基之间的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联,并发展了官能团化的大位阻交叉偶联,在邻位二取代芳基溴苯与二级烷基硼酸之间的大位阻芳基烷基交叉偶联中也取得进展.在发展高立体选择性的交叉偶联反应方面,我们采用手性大位阻单膦配体和底物间次级作用相结合的设计理念,利用苯并噁唑啉酮辅基和芳基间的π-π作用,成功地发展了高立体选择性的邻位酰基化芳基芳基间不对称Suzuki-Miyaura偶联;利用极性基团双(2-氧代-3-噁唑烷基)次磷酰基(BOP)辅基和芳基间的极性π作用,成功地实现了应用性强的邻位氧基取代芳基芳基间高效不对称Suzuki-Miyaura偶联.最后我们首次将高效的不对称SuzukiMiyaura偶联方法学应用于天然产物合成,完成了手性联芳基天然产物Korupensamine A和Korupensamine B的高效不对称合成,并完成天然产物Michellamine B的立体选择性全合成.     

取代环己酮还原立体选择性的过渡态理论解释

对于取代环已酮还原产物的立体选择性,仅通过还原试剂的动力学条件和生成产物的热力学稳定性进行预测是不准确的,需要考虑反应过程中存在的其他因素。采用过渡态理论可以对取代环已酮还原产物的立体选择性进行更全面、更准确的预测。一方面,还原试剂进攻羰基形成过渡态时,表现出决定立体选择性的空间位阻效应和电子效应;另一方面,反应物优势构象,即形成过渡态时的扭转应变和相对于标准对交叉构象偏转角的大小对产物的立体选择性也不容忽视。本文从过渡态形成过程中所体现的空间位阻、电子效应和构象三方面进行讨论,阐述了取代环已酮还原产物的立体选择性。     

己二烯基烯丙基醚的Wittigσ迁移重排反应

烯丙基醚类的[2.3]Wittig σ迁移重排反应是近几年来新发展的一个有机合成反应。由于此反应具有高度的非对映选择性和立体选择性,它为合成中的碳链延伸、立体选择性反应及不对称合成提供了一个新的方法,因为此反应可通过选择底物的几何构型和取代基得到立体选择性产物。[2.3]Wittig σ迁移重排     

锆氢化反应的研究——Ⅱ.锆氢化试剂高立体选择性还原炔醇

本文报道了炔醇的锆氢化反应。炔醇和两分子锆氢化试剂在室温反应可使还原产物高选择性地停留于烯醇,所得顺式烯醇的立体选择性高达100％。直链脂族a-炔醇锆氢化产物的产率为79～88％。当炔醇的羟基远离炔键时,由于减少了空间位阻使锆氢化产物的产率有所提高;在炔醇的a碳上有甲基取代基时,由于增加了空间障碍而使顺式烯醇产率下降。此外,后者在强酸介质中,部分异构化为反式烯醇及少量烯丙基型重排产物。本法是从炔醇合成顺式烯醇的一种新方法,它的主要特点是反应条件温和,立体选择性好以及产率较高。     

手性钯络合物催化下2-硝基环酮的不对称烯丙基化反应

在用氮杂冠醚改良的手性二茂铁膦与钯的络合物催化下, 2-硝基环酮可进行不对称烯丙基化反应. 讨论了配位基的形状, 反应物的构造, 碱的类型以及反应时间对反应速率和立体选择性的影响. 通过增加反应的空间位阻改进了反应的立体选择性 .     

α-氨基酰胺类化合物的立体选择性合成新方法

以(R)-1-苯乙胺为起始原料,合成了手性氨甲酰基硅烷4。通过4与无手性的亚胺5a、5b和5c以及有手性的亚胺7a、7b和7c反应,得到了立体选择性加成产物α-氨基酰胺衍生物6b、6c、8a、8b和8c,其中6c、8a和8c是高立体选择性产物。手性氨甲酰基硅烷与亚胺的反应具有立体选择性,其立体选择性大小与在亚胺双键氮原子和碳原子上所连的取代基有关,因此通过选择不同的取代基可有效地不对称合成α-氨基酰胺衍生物。     

薄荷基氯格氏试剂与卤代烃的立体选择性反应研究

研究了薄荷基氯格氏试剂与卤代烃的立体选择性反应.薄荷基氯格氏试剂与卤代烃反应生成两种产物:薄荷基衍生物和新薄荷基衍生物,主要产物是薄荷基衍生物.其立体选择性与卤代烃的活性有关,卤代烃的活性越差,立体选择性越好.活泼的苄基氯的反应产物de值为27.9%,活性稍差的α-溴苯乙烯和2-溴丙烯的反应产物的de值在91%以上,活性差的二氯甲烷和溴苯的反应产物的de值达到100%.     

以(+)-樟脑缩苄胺作中间体对映选择合成(R)-α-取代苄胺

本文报道以(+)-樟脑作手性助剂, 苄胺为原料, 二者缩合制得的酮亚胺作中间体3,不对称合成(R)-α-取代苄胺(7)的一条有效新途径。化合物3用丁基锂去质子化提供的锂衍生物4和卤代烷反应, 以较高立体选择性产生烷基化产物6, 化合物6用醋酸羟胺转氨反应后, 获得了光学产率为4.6-90%的(R)-α-取代苄胺(7), 以肟的形式回收(+)-樟脑。     

以芳樟醇为手性源的β-羟基酸的不对称合成

以芳樟醇与乙酰乙酸乙酯进行酯交换反应,合成了具有手性的乙酰乙酸芳樟酯(β-酮酯),再用其与不同的格氏试剂反应,得到不对称β-羟基酸;产物分别经手性柱分析.结果表明,手性乙酰乙酸芳樟酯与格氏试剂的反应具有不同程度的立体选择性,产物为R-或S-构型过量的β-羟基酸,ee值最高达50%.     

Enantiomeric impurities in chiral catalysts,auxiliaries, synthons and resolving agents. Part 2

The enantiomeric purity of reagents used in asymmetric synthesis is of fundamental importance when evaluating the selectivity of a reaction and the product purity. In this work, 109 chiral reagents (many recently introduced) are assayed. Approximately 64% of these reagents had moderate to high levels of enantiomeric impurities (i.e. from >0.1% to <16%). The type of chiral reagents assayed and used in enantioselective synthesis include: (a) metal–ligand catalysts for allylic substitutions, catalysts for addition of Grignard reagents and other additions, epoxidations and reduction of ketones and aldehydes; (b) Ru-complex auxiliaries for asymmetric cyclopropanation, as well as amine, diamine, alcohol, diol, aminoalcohol, carboxylic acid and oxazolidione auxiliaries; (c) epoxide, lactone, furanone, pyrrolidinone, nitrile, sulfoximine and carboxylic acid synthons (including malic acid, mandelic acid, lactic acid and tartaric acid); and (d) a variety of chiral resolving agents. Accurate, efficient assays for all compounds are given.     

1,6-Asymmetric induction during the conjugate addition of arylcopper reagents to a chiral sulfinyl-substituted pyrrolyl alpha,beta-unsaturated amide.

The asymmetric conjugate addition of arylcopper reagents derived from aryl Grignard reagents and copper(I) iodide to a chiral 1-[2-(p-tolylsulfinyl)]pyrrolyl cinnamide proceeded smoothly to give (3R)-adducts with high diastereoselectivities (> or =92% de) in high yields. Conjugate additions either of the cinnamide with the alkyl Grignard reagent-copper(l) iodide combination or of the crotonamide derivative with aryl Grignard reagent-copper(l) iodide gave moderate to good diastereoselectivities. With these sulfinyl pyrrolyl alpha,beta-unsaturated amides, the chiral auxiliary was efficiently recovered without any loss of optical purity after asymmetric conjugate addition.     

Asymmetric alkylation of carboxyamides by using trans-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines as chiral auxiliaries

trans-2,5-Bis(methoxymethyl)- and trans-2,5-bis(methoxymethoxymethyl)pyrrolidines proved to be excellent chiral auxiliaries for the asymmetric alkylation of the corresponding carboxyamide enolates giving good chemical yield and high stereoselectivity (invariably over 95% de), with remarkable flexibility to substrates and reaction conditions.     

Exploiting π shielding interactions of η arene chromium (0) complexes: New auxiliaries derived from the biogenic chiral pool

A family of highly selective chiral auxiliaries containing arene chromium (0) complexes has been prepared using biogenic precursors from the chiral pool. The systems, derived from isomannide, prolinol, and xylofuranose were applied to the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of derived acrylate esters. Factors influencing stereoselectivity with the auxiliaries have been investigated and delineated including the impact of mixed ligands on the chromium (0) complex. Under optimal conditions, the auxiliaries give >95% e.e. and 98:2 exo:endo ratio in cycloaddition with cyclopentadiene.     

Copper-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition with Grignard reagents and SimplePhos ligands

Herein we report the copper-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to cyclic and acyclic enones, with SimplePhos as chiral ligands. A variety of Grignard reagents can be added to a range of cyclic and acyclic enones, with moderate to good enantioselectivities (ee’s up to 86%).     

Asymmetric induction in the conjugate addition of thioacetic acid to methacrylamides with chiral auxiliaries

The conjugate addition of thioacetic acid to methacrylamides with chiral C₂-symmetric trans-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines afforded the addition products in excellent stereoselectivities (>99% de) and good yields (80–90%). The high selectivity was attributed mainly to the steric effect of the chiral auxiliaries. The cyclic nature of the chiral auxiliaries seemed also important for both the stereoselectivity and the reaction rate. Acidic hydrolysis of the adduct containing (2R,5R)-bis(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine gave (S)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoic acid, a key intermediate for captopril, in 98% ee and 96% yield. The chiral auxiliary was recovered in the demethylated form of N-Boc-(2R,3R)-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine in 90% yield.     

Copper-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to trisubstituted enones. Construction of all-carbon quaternary chiral centers

The copper-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to trisubstituted cyclic enones affords enantioenriched all-carbon quaternary centers with up to 96% ee. The chiral ligand is a diaminocarbene, directly generated in situ. The combination of Grignard reagent and diaminocarbene is unprecedented in conjugate addition, and the additon of the phenyl group, on such enones, cannot be done by other conjugate addition methods.     

聚合物支载噁唑类化合物在不对称反应中的应用

聚合物支载噁唑类化合物主要包括聚合物支载噁唑烷酮、噁唑啉和硼杂噁唑啉等,其在不对称反应中主要用作手性助剂、手性催化剂及催化剂配体.由于其便于分离提纯、可以回收重复使用且立体选择性没有明显降低等优点在不对称反应中得到了广泛的应用.综述了近年来聚合物支载的噁唑类化合物在不对称反应中的应用