Kaminsky型催化剂催化乙烯环齐聚反应的研究

研究发现Cp~2ZrL~2(L=Cl,Me,OC~6H~4-p-Me)/EAO(乙基铝氧烷)可同步催化乙烯齐聚-环化反应,不仅给出链状烯烃,而且生成环状剂聚物－－亚甲基环戊烷。环状齐聚物的选择性取决于主催化剂的结构和浓度,反应介质,预反应温度和反应温度,反应时间,Al/Zr比及烷基铝水解程度等因素,加入碱性第三组分对催化活性和选择性亦有一定影响。在优化反应条件下,亚甲基环戊烷的选择性达到37%。     

用于乙烯齐聚高选择性制 1-辛烯反应的Cr(Ⅲ)基催化剂体系

将四元催化剂体系(乙酰丙酮铬-膦胺型配体-助催化剂甲基铝氧烷-促进剂六氯乙烷)用于乙烯齐聚制1-辛烯反应,考察了促进剂、助催化剂、Al/Cr摩尔比、反应温度和反应压力等对催化剂的活性和1-辛烯的选择性的影响.结果表明,该四元催化剂体系比三元催化剂体系(铬化合物-膦胺型配体-甲基铝氧烷)对乙烯齐聚反应具有更高的1-辛烯选择性.产物除有1-辛烯外,还有较大量的1-己烯、甲基环戊烷和亚甲基环戊烷.甲基铝氧烷是高选择性生成1-辛烯必不可少的助催化剂.作为促进剂的六氯乙烷可以使乙酰丙酮铬更有利于催化乙烯齐聚反应生成1-辛烯.     

二苯基膦胺配体的合成及其与铬(Ⅲ)化合物催化乙烯四聚的性能

 利用氯化二苯基膦与二胺类化合物反应生成二苯基膦胺配体, 它与四氢呋喃氯化铬或乙酰丙酮铬在甲基铝氧烷的存在下显示出较高的催化乙烯四聚的活性和较高的生成 1-辛烯选择性(最高可达73.1%). 产物除 1-辛烯外, 还包括 1-己烯、甲基环戊烷和亚甲基环戊烷. 实验结果表明, 铬化合物类型对催化剂活性和 1-辛烯选择性影响较小, 而反应温度、压力和Al/Cr摩尔比等对催化剂活性和1-辛烯选择性影响较大.     

烯烃异构化反应的研究

本文研究了亚甲基环戊烷(1)、亚甲基环己烷(2)、2-正戊基亚甲基环戊酮(3)及2-正戊基亚甲基环己酮(4)等化合物在五羰基铁光催化下的异构化反应。在光照下,Fe(CO)_5可使1和2进行催化异构化反应,并生成环内双键异构体,2的异构化速率较1的快。Fe(CO)_5也可使3和4分別催化异构化,得到2-正己基环戊烯酮(7)和2-正己基环己烯酮(8)。反应物3和4的几何异构体亦能相互转化,3的异构化速率较4快。最后,我们还对光催化异构化反应机理作了探讨。     

ZnZSM-5沸石上某些环烷烃芳构化性能的研究

用脉冲微反技术研究了环己烷、甲基环己烷和甲基环戊烷在ZnZSM-5和HZSM-5上反应的产物分布和动力学、发现在ZnZSM-5上, 环己烷和甲基环戊烷以高选择性转化成苯, 甲基环己烷以高选择性转变为甲苯; 在HZSM-5上它们反应的芳烃选择性均很低且都得到以甲苯为主的BTX混合物。证明了这些反应都为动力学一级反应,求出了370 ℃—450 ℃间反应的速度常数和活化能。还发现环己烷反应的苯选择性与催化剂中的Zn含量有一致的对应关系。提出了ZnZSM-5上环烷烃反应的过程图式, 认为芳构化过程的控制步骤是环状碳离子的形成, 反应中非预计芳烃组分的产生与中间体环状碳离子的低温烷基化和高温脱烷基以及裂解所产生的小分子的再芳构化有关。     

全氢菲在分子筛催化剂上环烷环开环反应的研究

在小型固定流化床(FFB)装置上考察了Y与ZSM-5分子筛催化剂以及Y分子筛催化剂上温度、剂油比对全氢菲裂化环烷环开环反应的影响。结果表明,全氢菲在分子筛催化剂上通过环烷环开环反应生成环己烷、十氢萘等单环或双环环烷烃;单环或双环环烷烃进一步侧链断裂生成2-甲基戊烷、甲基己烷等异构烷烃等,异构化生成二甲基环戊烷、甲乙基环戊烷等烷基环戊烷,氢转移生成苯、甲苯、二甲苯等烷基苯,进行深度氢转移反应生成萘、烷基萘等双环芳烃;另外,全氢菲也会通过脱氢缩合生成菲、芘等三环以上芳烃甚至焦炭等。由于扩散和吸附性能的影响,其裂化开环反应的选择性在Y分子筛催化剂上比在ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上高。因此,全氢菲环烷环开环与脱氢缩合反应的相对比例(s(NRO)/s(DHC))在Y分子筛催化剂上较高;在Y分子筛催化剂上,温度为475~550 ℃、剂油比为3.0~9.0,反应温度升高或者剂油比增加,双分子氢转移以及脱氢缩合反应增强,导致环烷环开环反应产物选择性降低。     

CO_2的化学固定及碳酸亚烃酯的合成研究

CO2 的化学固定是近年来的研究热点。本文报道了有机碱 (三正丁胺、三乙胺、咪唑、1—甲基咪唑和喹啉 )对二磺酰胺基氯铝酞菁 [ClAlPc(SO2 NH2 ) 2 ]催化CO2 与环氧烷烃制备碳酸亚烃酯的环加成反应的促进作用。实验结果表明 ,有机碱与ClAlPc(SO2 NH2 ) 2 配位能促进环加成反应进行。在反应温度 13 0℃下 ,ClAlPc(SO2 NH2 ) 2 三正丁胺催化剂的活性达到 2 5 0mol (碳酸亚烃酯 ) mol[ClAlPc(SO2 NH2 ) 2 ] h ,碳酸亚烃酯选择性达 99%。ClAlPc(SO2 NH2 ) 2 的催化活性比报道过的氯铝酞菁 (PcAlCl)更好。     

轻稀土添加对Pt/KL重整催化剂性能的影响

研究了正己烷、甲基环戊烷在Pt/KL和Pt-RE/KL(RE=Ce,Nd,Sm)催化剂上的反应性能,以cs_2为毒物,研究了稀土对Pt/KL催化剂抗硫性能的影响,用TPR,TPD考察了催化剂的表面性质,用法拉第磁天平测量了催化剂的磁化率。结果表明,轻稀土添加增加了Pt/KL催化剂的正己烷、甲基环戊烷的芳构化选择性,增加了催化剂的抗硫性能,发现添加稀土的催化剂的TPR,TPD的峰温及磁化率均低于Pt/KL催化剂。Pt-RE/KL催化剂的磁化率与正己烷和甲基环戊烷芳构化选择性有对应关系。     

固体超强酸催化剂SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-WO_3的制备及其催化性能研究

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO2 -4/TiO2 WO3 ,并以丁酸丁酯的合成作为探针反应 ,系统考察了WO3 的含量、硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度等制备条件对SO2 -4/TiO2 WO3 催化活性的影响 .实验表明 :制备催化剂的适宜条件为m(H2 WO4) =12 5 % ,硫酸浸渍浓度为 1 0mol·L-1,焙烧温度为 5 80℃ ,活化时间 3h .利用优化条件下制备的催化剂SO2 -4/TiO2 WO3 催化合成缩醛 (酮 ) ,在醛 /酮与二元醇 (乙二醇 ,1,2 丙二醇 )的投料摩尔比为 1∶1 5 ,催化剂的用量占反应物总投料质量的 0 5 % ,反应时间为 1h条件下 ,2 甲基 2 乙氧羰甲基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 78 7% ,2 ,4 二甲基 2 乙氧羰甲基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 83 0 % ,环己酮 -乙二醇缩酮的收率为 85 9% ,环己酮 1,2 丙二醇缩酮的收率为 84 6% ,丁酮 -乙二醇缩酮的收率为70 7% ,丁酮 1,2 丙二醇缩酮的收率为 88 3 % ,2 丙基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 80 6% ,4 甲基 2 丙基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 79 6% ,2 异丙基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 64 2 % ,4 甲基 2 异丙基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 83 3 % ,2 苯基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 75 3 % ,4 甲基 2 苯基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 95 1% .     

CO2的化学固定及碳酸亚烃酯的合成研究

CO2的化学固定是近年来的研究热点。本文报道了有机碱（三正丁胺、三乙胺、咪唑、1-甲基咪唑和喹啉）对二磺酰胺基氯铝酞菁（ClAlPc(SO2NH2)2]催化CO2与环氧烷烃制备碳业烃酯的环加成反应促进作用。实验结果表明,有机碱与ClAlPc(SO2NH2)2配位能促进环加成反应进行。在反应温度130℃下,ClAlPc(SO2NH2)2/三正丁胺催化剂的活性达到250mol（碳酸亚烃酯）/mol[ClAlPc(SO2NH2)2].h,碳酸亚烃酯选择性达90%。ClAlPc(SO2NH2)2的催化活性比报道过的氯铝酞菁（PcAlCl)更好。     

Catalytic Effect of Cobalt and Iron Complexes Incorporating Bis(2-aldiminoethyl)amine Ligands on Ethylene Oligomerization

IntroductionThe finding of a new promising family ofFe( ) - and Co( ) - based bis( imino) pyridyl cata-lysts for ethylene polymerization and oligomeriza-tion,discovered by Brookhart,Gibson andcoworkers[1— 3 ] ,has intrigued us into researchingthe preparation,the structure and the chemistry ofiron and cobalt complexes incorporating N,N ,N -tridentate ligands.The spectacular enhancement ofthe reactivity of iron and cobalt complexes towardsZiegler- Natta olefin polymerization has been re-po…     

含有不同配体的钴配合物/EAO催化乙烯齐聚

考察了（bipy)CoCl2,(C6H5N=C-C6H4-o-O)2Co和（acac)2CO 3种配合物与EAO组成的二元催化体系A，B和C，在不同的反应温度，铝钴比以及不同反应时间对乙烯齐聚催化活性和选择性的影响，结果表明，3种催化体系都对催化乙烯齐聚反应有活性，在相同的反应条件下，3种催化体系对乙烯齐聚的催化活性顺序为：A＞B＞C，在反应温度为180摄氏度时，催化体系（bipy)CoCl2/EAO的活性为2441g/(gCo.H)，产物中低碳烯烃的选择性为95．9％。     

Half-zirconocene anilide complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties for ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with 1-hexene

A number of half-zirconocene anilide complexes of the type Cp*ZrCl(2)[N(2,6-R(1)(2)C(6)H(3))R(2)] [R(1) = (i)Pr (1, 3), Me (2); R(2) = Me (1, 2), Bn (3)] and Cp*ZrCl[N(2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3))Me](2) (4) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) were synthesized from the reactions of Cp*ZrCl(3) with the lithium salts of the corresponding anilide in diethyl ether at room temperature. All new zirconium complexes were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR and elemental analysis. Molecular structures of complexes 1, 2 and 4 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Upon activation with Al(i)Bu(3) and Ph(3)CB(C(6)F(5))(4), complexes 1-4 exhibit good catalytic activity for ethylene polymerization, and produce polyethylene with a moderate molecular weight. Among these zirconium complexes, complex 1 shows the highest catalytic activity while complex 4 shows the lowest catalytic activity for ethylene polymerization. Complexes 1-3 also exhibit moderate catalytic activity for copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene, and produce copolymers with relatively high molecular weight and reasonable 1-hexene incorporation. In addition, the activation procedure of these catalyst systems were studied by (1)H NMR spectroscopy.     

o-Phenylene-bridged Cp/sulfonamido titanium complexes for ethylene/1-octene copolymerization

The Suzuki-coupling reaction of 2-(dihydroxyboryl)-3,4-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one and 2-(dihydroxyboryl)-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one with 2-bromoaniline derivatives affords cyclopentenone compounds from which cyclopentadiene compounds, 4,6-R'(2)-2-(2,5-Me2C5H3)C6H2NH2 and 4,6-R'(2)-2-(2,3,5-Me3C5H2)C6H2NH2 are prepared. After sulfonation of the -NH2 group with p-TsCl, metallation is carried out by successive addition of Ti(NMe2)4 and Me2SiCl2 affording o-phenylene-bridged Cp/sulfonamido titanium dichloride complexes, [4,6-R'(2)-2-(2,5-Me2C5H2)C6H2NSO2C6H4CH3)]TiCl2 (R'=H, ; R'=Me, ; R'=F, ) and [4,6-R'(2)-2-(2,3,5-Me3C5H)C6H2NSO2C6H4CH3)]TiCl2 (R'=H, ; R'=Me, ; R'=F, ). The molecular structures of and [2-(2,5-Me2C5H2)C6H4NSO2C6H4CH3)]Ti(NMe2)2 are determined by X-ray crystallography. The Cp(centroid)-Ti-N angle in is smaller (100.90 degrees) than that observed for the CGC (constrained-geometry catalyst), [Me2Si(eta5-Me4Cp)(NtBu)]TiCl2 (107.6 degrees) indicating a more "constrained feature" in than in the CGC. Complex shows the highest activity among the newly prepared complexes in ethylene/1-octene copolymerization but it is slightly inferior to the CGC in terms of activity, comonomer-incorporation ability, and molecular weight of the obtained polymers.     

Mechanism of reversible alkyne coupling at zirconocene: ancillary ligand effects

The mechanism of reversible alkyne coupling at zirconium was investigated by examination of the kinetics of zirconacyclopentadiene cleavage to produce free alkynes. The zirconacyclopentadiene rings studied possess trimethylsilyl substituents in the alpha-positions, and the ancillary Cp2, Me2C(eta(5)-C5H4)2, and CpCp* (Cp* = eta(5)-C5Me5) bis(cyclopentadienyl) ligand sets were employed. Fragmentation of the zirconacyclopentadiene ring in Cp2Zr[2,5-(Me3Si)2-3,4-Ph2C4] with PMe3, to produce Cp2Zr(eta(2)-PhC[triple bond]CSiMe3)(PMe3) and free PhC[triple bond]CSiMe3, is first-order in initial zirconacycle concentration and zero-order in incoming phosphine (k(obs) = 1.4(2) x 10(-5) s(-1) at 22 degrees C), and the activation parameters determined by an Eyring analysis (DeltaH(double dagger) = 28(2) kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS(double dagger) = 14(4) eu) are consistent with a dissociative mechanism. The analogous reaction of the ansa-bridged complex Me2C(eta(5)-C5H4)2Zr[2,5-(Me3Si)2-3,4-Ph2C4] is 100 times faster than that for the corresponding Cp2 complex, while the corresponding CpCp* complex reacts 20 times slower than the Cp2 derivative. These rates appear to be largely influenced by the steric properties of the ancillary ligands.     

Ethylene Oligomerization by (dppe)MCl_2 [M = Fe(II), Co(II),Ni(II)] Complexes/EAO

Transition-metal-catalyzed oligomerzation of ethylene is an important process to provide a-olefins in the C6~C20 range. In recent years, the catalytic behavior of late transition metal complexes containing bi- and tri-dentate ligands for oligomerization of ethylene to a-olefins has attracted much attention. When oligomerization of ethylene catalyzed by nickel diimine and Fe(II), Co(II) 2,6-bis(imino)pyridine catalysts, the oligomers with high average molecular weight were obtained1-5. Eth…     

Ruthenacarboranes from the reaction of nido-1,2-(Cp*RuH)2B3H7 with HC [triple bond] CCO2Me, Cp* = eta5-C5Me5. Hydrometalation, alkyne incorporation, and functional group modification via cooperative metal-boron interactions within a metallaborane cluster framework

Reaction of nido-1,2-(Cp*RuH)2B3H7, 1, and methyl acetylene monocarboxylate under kinetic control generates nido-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2(mu-C[[CO2Me]Me])B3H7 (a pair of geometric isomers, 3 and 5) and nido-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2(1,3-mu-C[[CH2CO2Me]H])B3H7, 4, which display the first examples of exo-cluster mu-alkylidene Ru-B bridges generated by hydrometalation of an alkyne on the cluster framework. Both 3 and 5, but not 4, rearrange into arachno-2,8-mu(C)-5-eta1(O)-Me[CO2Me]C-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2B3H7, 2, in which an unprecedented intramolecular coordination of the carbonyl oxygen atom of the alkyne substituent to a boron framework site opens the ruthenaborane skeleton. Compound 2, in turn, is an intermediate in the formation of the ruthenacarborane nido-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2-3-OH-4-OMe-5-Me-4,5-C2B2H5, 12, in which the carbonyl-oxygen double bond has been cleaved as its oxygen atom inserts into a B-H bond and the carbonyl carbon inserts into the metallaborane framework. In a parallel reaction pathway, nido-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2-5-CO2Me-4,5-C2B2H7, 6, nido-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2-4-B(OH)2-5-CO2Me-4,5-C2B2H6, 16, and nido-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2(mu-H)(mu-BH2)-3-(CH2)2CO2Me-CO2Me-4,5-C2B2H4 (a pair of geometric isomers, 7 and 14, which contain an unusual Ru-B borane bridge) are formed. On heating, 7 rearranges to yield nido-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2-3-(CH2)2CO2Me-4-BH2-5-CO2Me-4,5-C2B2H5, 13, whereas 14 converts to nido-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2-3-(CH2)2CO2Me-4-CO2Me-4,5-C2B2H6, 8. Under thermodynamic control, nido-1,2-(Cp*Ru)2-4,5-B[(CH2)2CO2Me]CO(MeO)[C(CH2)CO2Me]-4,5-C2B2H6, 11, is the major product accompanied by lesser amounts of 6 and 1,2-(Cp*Ru)2-4-OMe-5-Me-4,5-C2B2H6, 10. Compound 11 features a five-membered heterocycle containing a boron atom. The structure of 7, which is an intermediate in the formation of 11, provides the basis for an explanation of this complex condensation of three alkynes. A previously unrecognized role for an exo-cluster bridging borene generated from the metallaborane skeleton by addition of the alkyne is also a feature of this chemistry. Reinsertion or loss of this boron fragment accounts for much of the chemistry observed. NMR experiments reveal labile intermediates, and one has been sufficiently characterized to provide mechanistic insight on the early stages of the alkyne-metallaborane addition reaction. All isolated compounds have been spectroscopically characterized, and most have been structurally characterized in the solid state.     

Molybdenocene trihydride complexes: influence of a [Me2Si] ansa bridge on classical versus nonclassical nature, stability with respect to elimination of dihydrogen, and acidity

Experimental and computational studies on a series of cationic molybdenocene trihydride complexes, namely [Cp(2)MoH(3)]+, [(Cp(Bu)t)(2)MoH(3)]+, [Cp(2)MoH(3)]+, and ([Me(2)Si(C(5)Me(4))(2)]MoH(3))+, demonstrate that the most stable form for the ansa molybdenocene derivative is a nonclassical dihydrogen-hydride isomer, ([Me(2)Si(C(5)Me(4))(2)]Mo(eta(2)-H(2))(H))+, whereas the stable forms for the non-ansa complexes are classical trihydrides, [Cp(2)Mo(H)(3)]+, [(Cp(Bu)t)(2)Mo(H)(3)]+, and [Cp(2)Mo(H)(3)]+. In addition to altering the classical versus nonclassical nature of [Cp(2)MoH(3)]+ and ([Me(2)Si(C(5)Me(4))(2)]Mo(eta(2)-H(2))(H))+, the [Me(2)Si] ansa bridge also markedly influences the stability of the complex with respect to elimination of H(2) and dissociation of H+. Finally, computational studies on ([H(2)Si(C(5)H(4))(2)]MoH(2)D)+ and ([H(2)Si(C(5)H(4))(2)]MoHD(2))+ establish that deuterium exhibits a greater preference than hydrogen to occupy dihydrogen versus hydride sites.     

Zirconium hydrocarbyl chemisorption on sulfated metal oxides: new supports, chemisorption pathways, and implications for catalysis

The sulfated metal oxides (SMOs) sulfated stannia (SnS), sulfated iron oxide (FeS), and sulfated titanium dioxide (TiS) have been synthesized and examined as support materials/cocatalysts/activators for molecule-based olefin polymerization and hydrogenation catalysis. (13)C CPMAS NMR spectroscopic analysis of Cp(2)Zr((13)CH(3))(2)/SMO chemisorption shows that cationic zirconocenium species are formed along with varying amounts of catalytically inactive micro-oxo (Cp(2)Zr(CH(3))O-surface) species, depending on the support material. Ethylene polymerization data with the supported catalysts show that polymerization activity is dependent on both precursor ligation [Zr(CH(2)Ph)(4) > (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3)] and the nature of the support (SnS > FeS > TiS). Poisoning studies were performed in conjunction with ethylene polymerization, mediated by (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3) supported on each SMO, and reveal that, for (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3)/SnS, 61 +/- 5% of the Zr sites are catalytically significant, while, for (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3)/FeS, this quantity is 22 +/- 2%, and for (Me(5)Cp)ZrMe(3)/TiS, 63 +/- 9%. These catalysts are also active for benzene hydrogenation and are separable from liquid-phase products using physical or, in the case of FeS, magnetic techniques.     

Coordination chemistry of a model for the GP cofactor in the Hmd hydrogenase: hydrogen-bonding and hydrogen-transfer catalysis

Cp(*)M(2+) complexes (M = Rh, Ir; Cp(*) = C(5)Me(5)) are described for 6-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-2-hydroxypyridine (cmhpH(2)), an analogue of the guanylylpyridone cofactor in the hydrogenase Hmd. Three findings indicate that Cp(*)M(Hcmhp)(+) stabilizes the binding of hydrogen-bond acceptors to the sixth coordination site: (i) water binds in preference to Cl-, (ii) the adduct Cp(*)Rh(cmhp)(2-hydroxypyridine) exhibits a very short intramolecular hydrogen bond (r(o-o) = 2.38 A; (1)H NMR delta(H) 17.2), and (iii) Cp(*)Ir(cmhpH)Cl efficiently catalyzes the dehydrogenation of PhCH(OH)Me to PhC(O)Me.