气相色谱微波诱导等离子体原子发射光谱检测器对C,P,Si,Sn,B和I元素的响应特性的研究

以微波诱导等离子体作为气相色谱的原子发射光谱检测器,在优化实验参数的基础上,考察了该检测器对有机化合物中的C,P,Si,Sn,B和I元素的响应特性(检出限、线性范围和精密度)。结果表明:该检测器在仪器成本、功率消耗和气体消耗等方面明显优于气相色谱-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱检测器(GC-ICP-AED)。对各元素测定的检出限优于GC-ICP-AED约1个数量级,尤其适合于B和I元素的测定。通过对不同种类有机化合物中碳元素相对响应值的测定,初步探讨了该等离子体光源对有机化合物的碎片原子化程度及其规律以及     

大功率微波诱导空气等离子体发射光谱中易电离元素的基体干扰研究

研究了由Okamoto腔产生的大功率微波诱导空气等离子体发射光谱中易电离元素Na和Ca的基体干扰。结果表明,Na和Ca的存在可使电离能较低的元素的原子线的发射强度增强,而使电离能较高的元素的原子线和几乎所有的离子线的发射强度降低。基体干扰随Na和Ca浓度的增大而增强,随等离子体微波功率的增大而减弱。Na和Ca的存在致使等离子体激发温度降低,电子密度增大。基体干扰是由于易电离元素使待测元素在等离子体中的电离平衡移动和激发能力减弱所致。     

电热进样微波等离子体原子吸收光谱法的性能研究

本文将L形放电-吸收管与电热进样微波诱导等离子体原子吸收光谱法相结合,考察了各种实验参数对分析性能的影响.给出了利用该方法测定一系列元素的特征浓度,讨论了共存元素等因素对检测结果的影响.将本法用于实际样品分析,结果较好.     

微波等离子体光谱技术的发展(一)

微波等离子体光源是一类有较强激发能力的原子发射光谱光源,主要包括微波感生等离子体光源(MIP),微波电容耦合等离子体光源及微波等离子体炬光源。文章分两部分,第一部分介绍了微波感生等离子体光源的结构原理和性能,并对它们的技术特点和进展进行评述。低功率微波感生等离子体光源用于直接测定溶液中某些痕量金属元素是比较困难的,如Pb,Hg,Se等元素,但它已成功地与气相色谱联用用于测定C,H,O,N,S等难激发的非金属元素。高功率磁场激发的氮-微波感生等离子体光源(N2-MIP),允许使用通用玻璃同心雾化器产生湿试液气溶胶直接进入等离子体核心,等离子体能稳定运行,其分析性能近似于商用ICP光源,且运行费用低廉,是有发展前景的一种新型原子发射光谱光源。     

用于气相色谱的微波等离子体原子发射光谱检测器的发展

分别介绍和评价了用于气相色谱的微波诱导等离子体、电容耦合微波等离子体和微波等离子体炬等3种微波等离子体原子发射光谱检测器的发展、应用以及局限性。对用于气相色谱的微波等离子体原子发射光谱检测器的发展作了展望。     

气相色谱-微波诱导等离子体发射光谱(GC-MIP)法测定氘标记激素样品经验式

本文应用气相色谱-微波诱导等离子体发射光谱联用(GC-MIP)方法对氘标记的激素样品经验式进行了测定。结果表明,GC-MIP 方法用于氘标记物中氘元素的检测具有方便、直观、灵敏度高等优点,是质谱(MS)法的有效辅助手段。     

MPT-AES测定奶粉中的Ca和Fe

用微波等离子体(MPT)为激发光源,氩气为等离子体工作气体,用气动雾化进样,采用标准曲线法研究了微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定奶粉中Ca、Fe的方法。详细考察了溶液中HCl浓度、HNO3浓度、微波前向功率、载气流量、工作气流量等实验参数对测定的影响,同时考察了共存元素钠、镁、锌对钙和铁发射强度的影响。     

气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱研究——Ⅱ.元素响应值与化合物结构的关系

微波诱导等离子体发射光谱(MIP-AES)是一种气相色谱可进行多元素同时检测的选择性检测器。本文以烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、多核芳烃、醇等同系物系列,含有饱和烃和不饱和烃(烷烃、烯烃、多核芳烃)的混合物,含氧化合物,各种氯代有机物、溴代有机物等类型的化合物为代表,考察了化合物结构对气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱(GC-MIP)的碳、氢、氯、溴等元素响应值的影响以及微波输入功率对元素响应值的影响。     

气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱研究Ⅱ颍．元素响应值与化合物结构的关系

]微波诱导等离子体发射光谱(MIP-AES)是一种气相色谱可进行多元素同时检测的选择性检测器。本文以烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、多核芳烃、醇等同系物系列，含有饱和烃和不饱和烃（烷烃、烯烃、多核芳烃）的混合物，含氧化合物，各种氯代有机物、溴代有机物等类型的化合物为代表，考察了化合物结构对气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱(GC-MIP)的碳、氢、氯、溴等元素响应值的影响以及微波输入功率对元素响应值的影响。     

有机溶液进样大功率微波诱导空气等离子体发射光谱法测定金属离子的研究

研究了由Okamoto腔产生的大功率微波诱导空气等离子体的分析性能以及用该等离子体直接有机溶液进样测定有机溶剂或含有大量有机溶剂的废水中的金属污染物的可行性。用本方法测定了几种工业废水中的金属污染物,并与原子吸收光谱法的测定结果进行了比较。     

Multielement determination of major elements in polymer additives by microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry after microwave digestion

A method for multielement determination of major elements in polymer additives by microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-AES) has been elaborated. Microwave digestion with nitric acid was selected for sample preparation because of its speed and versatility. Sodium nitrate was added to the digestion mixture in order to reduce phosphorus losses. The precision obtained varied between 2 and 4.5% depending on the element determined. The accuracy of the method was studied by analyzing the Spex 5-element oil standard. The method was applied to a variety of commercial and in-house prepared compositions.     

A Study on the Determination of Copper by Microwave Induced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MIP-AES)

The determination of copper by MIP-AES was investigated in detail. Aqueous samples were introduced from an ultrasonic nebulizer and the solvent was removed by a desolvation device before introduction of the aerosol into the MIP. The desolvation system consisted of a condenser associated with a concentrated H2SO4 absorption cell. Various experimental conditions and interferences from easily ionised elements (EIEs) were also studied and some practical samples were analyzed.     

Direct determination of trace amounts of sodium in water-soluble organic pharmaceuticals by microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry

The direct determination of trace sodium by microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-AES) in water-soluble organic substances utilized in pharmaceutical preparations was developed. No decomposition of the organic constituents was required. Samples were dissolved with water and introduced to the plasma after ultrasonic nebulization without desolvation. A limit of detection (3sigma) of 0.91-3.0 ng ml(-1) was obtained under experimental conditions. The quantitative MIP-AES procedure involved the standard addition method. The sodium content determined in reference material NIST SRM 1568A Rice Flour agreed with the certified value (6.6+/-0.8 mug g(-1)). Physical and chemical interferences were investigated. It was found for the microwave plasma that it is possible to introduce organic substances solutions of concentration up to 5% without sensitivity losses. This direct technique is fast and sensitive and helps to reduce contamination connected with the sample preparation procedure.     

Application of MIP-AES as element specific detector for speciation analysis

An MIP-AES element specific detector has been directly coupled to an HPLC separation system by means of hydraulic high-pressure nebulization (HHPN) with an appropriate desolvation unit. This system was applied to Cr(III)/Cr(VI) speciation analysis. The linear dynamic range of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) determination was two orders of magnitude, absolute detection limits were 13 ng for Cr(III) and 18 ng for Cr (VI), respectively. The matrix effect caused by the easily ionizable elements (Na, Ca, K) was significant in real samples.     

Determination of precious metals in geological samples by continuous powder introduction microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry after preconcentration on activated carbon

A novel method was developed for analysing geological materials for Au, Ag, Pd and Pt by continuous powder introduction microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry (CPI-MIP-AES). The preconcentration of the trace metals on activated carbon (AC) was performed before conducting MIP-AES measurements in order to obtain accurate and precise analytical results. The method proposed is based on the selective sorption of precious metals that are subsequently introduced to the plasma as a dry particulate aerosol consisted of analytes collected on the sorbent. The technical design and operating conditions of the novel sample introduction system based on the fluidized-bed concept has been optimized. The microwave excitation source with integrated rectangular cavity TE₁₀₁ and vertically positioned plasma torch has been used. The signal stability proved to be adequate for sequential mode of measurements due to the vertical plasma configuration as well as the MIP-AES system compatibility with the CPI technique. Calibration was done using home-made standards obtained by sorption of metals of interest from standard solutions on activated carbon. Precision is typically 1-4% relative standard deviation at the 1 μg g⁻¹ level. Under measurement conditions the detection limits for Ag, Au, Pd and Pt were 24, 43, 57 and 550 ng per 1 g of AC, respectively. The proposed procedure was used for Au, Ag, Pd and Pt determination in the platinum ore SARM-7 as well as Au and Ag in the Chinese soil GBW-07405 certified reference materials. The standard addition technique was used and recoveries revealed that the proposed method shows good accuracy and precision.     

Atomic spectrometric detection of hydride forming elements following in situ trapping within a graphite furnace

The historical development of in situ techniques in the graphite furnace based on chemical generation of hydride forming elements and mercury coupled with batch and flow injection sampling formats is presented. Detection via AAS, MIP-AES, ICP-MS and FANES is considered. The current state-of-the-art, including advantages and limitations of this approach, is discussed.     

A microwave plasma cavity assembly for atomic emission spectrometry

Although inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) are widely used for multielement analysis microwave induced plasma (MIP) offers a great potential for a variety of applications. Modifications to incorporate MIP into commercial ICP direct reading spectrometer systems have been developed. A direct reading échelle spectrometer is described which opens new possibilities for the successful construction of commercial MIP-AES systems with the potential to run all of the typical methods worked out for earlier ICP-AES applications. Use of flow injection techniques and automation to couple with in situ concentration will likely offer a further improvement in the analytical performance of this system. Due to the capabilities demonstrated by this spectrometer it appears that hybrid instruments will be increasingly important for future developments in optical spectrometry. This is particularly true for very demanding areas such as atomic emission spectrometry. The system could be readily commercialized.     

Direct analysis of lanthanum in extraction process by in-situ gamma spectrometry

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - High sensitivity analytical techniques, such as ICP-MS, MIP-AES, XRF etc., in rare earth hydrometallurgy, have drastically developed products...     

A microwave plasma cavity assembly for atomic emission spectrometry

Although inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) are widely used for multielement analysis microwave induced plasma (MIP) offers a great potential for a variety of applications. Modifications to incorporate MIP into commercial ICP direct reading spectrometer systems have been developed. A direct reading échelle spectrometer is described which opens new possibilities for the successful construction of commercial MIP-AES systems with the potential to run all of the typical methods worked out for earlier ICP-AES applications. Use of flow injection techniques and automation to couple with in situ concentration will likely offer a further improvement in the analytical performance of this system. Due to the capabilities demonstrated by this spectrometer it appears that hybrid instruments will be increasingly important for future developments in optical spectrometry. This is particularly true for very demanding areas such as atomic emission spectrometry. The system could be readily commercialized.     

Spectrochemical determination of trace As, Fe, Hg, Mn, and Pb by an argon-stabilized U-shaped DC arc

Argon-stabilized U-shaped DC arc with a system for aerosol introduction was used for the determination of As, Fe, Hg, Mn, and Pb. By applying a computer program performing a time integration of the registered signals and by optimizing the working conditions of an U-shaped arc plasma, the detection capability for As, Fe, Hg, Mn, and Pb was improved, which contributed to the lowering of the detection limits. The lowest detection limits for Fe, Mn, and Pb were achieved during an integration time of 20 s, and for As and Hg during an integration time of 30 s, and their values were 1.1, 0.1, 0.9, 15, and 2.6 ng/mL, respectively. The detection limits obtained by our method with optimal integration times were compared with the detection limits obtained using other methods: inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), directly coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (DCP-AES), microwave-induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-AES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and an improved thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS). The text was submitted by the authors in English.