利用电喷雾质谱研究单链寡聚核苷酸与人参皂苷的相互作用

选择与SARS病毒相关的寡聚核苷酸片段作为靶分子, 利用电喷雾质谱研究人参皂苷与靶分子形成的非共价复合物. 探讨了实验条件对单链寡聚核苷酸靶分子与皂苷类化合物相互作用的影响; 发现非共价作用强度的大小与人参皂苷苷元、糖链的结构有关, 包括人参皂苷苷元的类型、羟基的数目、糖链的长短. 发现人参皂苷与单链寡聚核苷酸靶分子相互作用的强度具有如下规律: 三醇型苷元＞二醇型苷元, 三醇型皂苷＞二醇型皂苷; 在三醇型皂苷中, 三糖＞二糖＞四糖, 一糖＞苷元, 具有相同糖单位的二醇型皂苷的四糖苷中, 分子量小的皂苷＞分子量大的皂苷, 同分异构体中, 同为木糖末端的Rb2＞Rc, 即吡喃型＞呋喃型. 上述研究结果将有助于阐述人参皂苷的药理活性、构效关系.     

两个穿心莲内酯苷的波谱学研究

利用柱色谱对穿心莲地上部分的提取物进行分离,得到3,14-二去氧穿心莲内酯苷和14-去氧穿心莲内酯苷。利用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、碳谱(13C-NMR)以及双量子滤波相关谱(DQFCOSY)、总相关谱(TOCSY)、异核多量子相干谱(HMQC)、异核多键相关谱(HMBC),解析这两个化合物的结构。确定了1H-NMR的氢信号和13C-NMR的碳信号的归属,并且用NOESY对3,14-二去氧穿心莲内酯苷的立体结构进行了研究。     

黄芪异黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法在6-311G(d,p)水平上对黄芪中的四种异黄酮类化合物毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花素、芒柄花苷进行了优化计算,从四个分子的几何结构、酚羟基氢原子上的NBO电荷、酚羟基解离能、HOMO和LUMO能级以及其能级差△E(LUMO-HOMO)等方面分析了四种黄芪异黄酮类化合物清除自由基的活性.C3.位的酚羟基为毛蕊异黄酮苷元及其苷分子的最大可能活性位点,C7位酚羟基也具有一定的活性,可以增加分子本身的抗氧化活性,C7位酚羟基为芒柄花素分子的活性位点.C3,位或C7位上酚羟基氢原子带正电荷越大、酚羟基的解离能越小、△E(LUMO-HOMO)越小、HOMO能级相对越高分子的抗氧化活性越高.糖苷取代C7位酚羟基上的H原子,可以提高HOMO、LUMO的轨道能级,但是分子失去了7位酚羟基,从而降低了毛蕊异黄酮苷分子的抗氧化活性.结果表明,四种黄芪异黄酮类化合物的抗氧化能力大小为:毛蕊异黄酮＞毛蕊异黄酮苷＞芒柄花素＞＞芒柄花苷.对芒柄花素和羟基自由基反应的过渡态进行了计算研究.     

高效液相色谱-质谱法同时测定清热解毒口服液中的5种有效成分

建立了同时测定清热解毒口服液中的绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、连翘苷和靛玉红5种有效成分的高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱（HPLC-ESI/MS）分析方法。采用Zorbax SB C18色谱柱,以含0.2%甲酸的0.4 mmol/L醋酸钠(A相)、乙腈(B相)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在ESI正离子模式下,采用选择离子监测方法进行测定,用峰面积进行定量。结果表明,绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、连翘苷和靛玉红的线性范围分别为0.050～50 mg/L,0.020～20 mg/L,0.005～30 mg/L,0.010～15 mg/L和0.010～10 mg/L;检出限分别为0.010,0.005,0.001,0.002和0.003 mg/L。5种成分的加样回收率为97.0%～101.7%,相对标准偏差小于2.2%。该法快捷、准确、重复性好,可用于清热解毒口服液中的5种有效成分含量的同时测定。     

适配子识别技术在真菌毒素快速分析中的应用

适配子是近几年来通过指数富集配基的系统进化技术(SELEX)体外筛选得到的一类与目标分子高特异性结合的寡聚核苷酸片段.适配子作为一个优于抗体的新型识别分子,已在食品快速检验、环境检测、新药研发、临床诊断和治疗以及毒理研究等领域展示了良好的应用前景.本文阐述了适配子识别靶物质的结构基础及其特性,归纳了目前已筛选出的真菌毒素适配子序列,总结了适配子在真菌毒素前处理,适配子光学分析技术和电化学分析技术在单种和多种真菌毒素检测中的应用突破,并展望了适配子识别技术在真菌毒素分析领域的发展趋势.     

罗汉松科植物中化学成分的研究:I.竹柏中的抗肿瘤成分

从罗汉松科植物竹柏(Podocarpus nagi(thunb.)Zoll.ct Mor.ex Zoll.)种子中分得七种成分。根据理化性质、波谱数据及化学反应鉴定为竹柏内酯A(1)、1-去氧-2α-羟基竹柏内酯A(3)、竹柏内酯苷A(4)、柳杉酚(5)、β-谷甾醇及蔗糖, 其中4是新化合物, 5是首次从该植物中分得。生物试验表明, 二萜双内酯化合物1-3具有较强的细胞毒作用, 4 无效。对2及3进行了结构改造, 提示了它们的构效关系。     

罗汉松科植物中化学成分的研究:I.竹柏中的抗肿瘤成分

从罗汉松科植物竹柏(Podocarpus nagi(thunb.)Zoll.ct Mor.ex Zoll.)种子中分得七种成分。根据理化性质、波谱数据及化学反应鉴定为竹柏内酯A(1)、1-去氧-2α-羟基竹柏内酯A(3)、竹柏内酯苷A(4)、柳杉酚(5)、β-谷甾醇及蔗糖, 其中4是新化合物, 5是首次从该植物中分得。生物试验表明, 二萜双内酯化合物1-3具有较强的细胞毒作用, 4 无效。对2及3进行了结构改造, 提示了它们的构效关系。     

和厚朴酚衍生物的合成及防治结肠癌作用机制的预测

和厚朴酚具有广泛的药理活性,尤其是在结肠癌的治疗上有潜在的生物活性,但是由于自身的理化性质,导致其在开发利用中存在许多缺点。为了改善和厚朴酚稳定性差、水溶性低等缺点,通过糖基化改造进行结构修饰,再通过分子对接和网络药理学初步探究和厚朴酚衍生物防治结肠癌的作用机制。分别以D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖、α-乳糖等为起始原料,通过对糖羟基保护与去保护,得到一系列单糖、二糖、三糖片段,将得到的糖片段对1的4′-OH进行修饰,合成了4种和厚朴酚糖苷化衍生物2~5,其结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR鉴定。采用Swiss Target Prediction反向药效团匹配数据库预测和厚朴酚衍生物的作用靶点,运用GEO和Gene Cards数据库预测结肠癌相关的疾病靶点,构建PPI网络和“成分-靶点-疾病”网络,通过网络拓扑参数筛选核心靶基因,利用DAVID平台进行GO功能分析和KEGG信号通路富集分析。最后,利用AutoDock对核心靶基因进行分子对接,得到36个和厚朴酚衍生物防治结肠癌的核心靶基因,GO生物过程有323条,包括有丝分裂、染色体分离的调控、蛋白分解过程等;KEGG信号通路有13条,涉及人T细胞白血病病毒1感染、p53信号通路、FoxO信号通路等。通过AutoDock对核心靶基因进行分子对接,发现8个核心靶基因与和厚朴酚衍生物的亲和力在-10.1 ~-6.2kcal/mol,亲和力相对较稳定。      

益肾排石方的指纹图谱及功效关联物质的作用机制北大核心CSCD

应用液质联用技术分析了益肾排石方中的化学成分,建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)指纹图谱,结合生物信息学技术对关键成分、关键靶点和通路进行了预测分析。应用超高效液相串联质谱技术(UHPLC-MS/MS)对益肾排石方中的化学成分进行了鉴定。10批益肾排石方样品,应用HPLC建立指纹图谱,标记共有峰,进行共有峰归属,并进行相似度评价。应用生物信息学技术,基于指认出的成分,建立了“中药-成分-靶点”网络图,通过GEO数据库获得了肾结石相关的差异基因。对方中功效关联物质的作用机制进行了进一步的分析,并进行了分子对接验证。通过数据库匹配、元素组成和碎片结构分析,共从益肾排石方中鉴定出32种成分;在对10批益肾排石方的指纹图谱的建立过程中,通过对照品指认确定了王不留行黄酮苷、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、虎杖苷、黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、芦丁、木蝴蝶苷A、大黄酸、异橙黄酮、芦荟大黄素、白杨素、大黄酚、厚朴酚、大黄素甲醚、汉黄芩素和大黄素17个共有峰,10批益肾排石方相似度结果均在合理范围内,且17个共有峰均能归属到虎杖、黄芩、牛膝、柴胡、金钱草、枳实、大黄、厚朴、杜仲和王不留行10味中药。结合生物信息学筛选了ESR1和PTGS1为关键基因,与17种药效成分进行分子对接验证,预测大黄酸和王不留行黄酮苷为关键成分。     

基于修饰组和探针分子的重要途径代谢物筛选和注释新方法北大核心CSCD

植物次生代谢物在抵御生物/非生物胁迫、生物间互作以及信息传递等方面发挥重要作用,次生代谢途径解析对植物分子育种、天然产物合成等方面具有重要意义。液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱(LC-HRMS/MS)为次生代谢物鉴定及途径表征提供了技术手段。非靶向LC-HRMS/MS方法可获得丰富的质谱信号,包括一级质谱和二级质谱(MS,MS/MS),但受质谱数据库规模以及次生代谢物复杂性的制约,次生代谢物注释十分困难。该研究以玉米叶片中苯丙烷途径代谢物为例,发展用于非靶向代谢组数据中重要途径代谢物的高效筛选和注释新方法。首先,利用公共代谢途径数据库及文献获取参与苯丙烷代谢途径的61种修饰反应类型,进而从非靶向实验数据中筛选出修饰代谢组。其次,获取开源串联质谱数据中的苯丙烷类化合物作为探针分子,构建探针分子质谱数据库。将探针分子与修饰代谢组共建分子网络,锁定目标途径代谢物并注释结构。该方法在正、负离子模式下分别筛选出玉米叶片中392个和417个苯丙烷途径候选代谢物,去冗余后共注释出129个代谢物,涉及苯丙烷代谢的主要分支途径,如黄酮途径的8个类黄酮、19个氧苷类黄酮和32个碳苷类黄酮,31个羟基肉桂酸途径代谢物以及22个木脂素途径代谢物;其中26个在PubChem和SciFinder数据库中未见收录。该研究利用探针分子结合修饰组可快速锁定途径代谢物,且有助于快速、准确的网络传播注释,可显著提高目标途径代谢物筛选与注释效率,为植物次生代谢途径的深入解析提供分析手段。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.